8.1.10. cltk.morphology package

8.1.10.1. Submodules

8.1.10.2. cltk.morphology.akk module

Functions and classes for Akkadian morphology.

cltk.morphology.akk.get_bound_form(noun, gender)[source]

Return bound form of nound, given its gender.

>>> get_bound_form("awīlum", "m")
'awīl'
Return type:

str

cltk.morphology.akk.decline_noun(noun, gender, mimation=True)[source]
Return a list of all possible Akkadiandeclined forms given any form

of a noun and its gender.

>>> decline_noun('iltum', 'f')
[('iltum', {'case': 'nominative', 'number': 'singular'}), ('iltam', {'case': 'accusative', 'number': 'singular'}), ('iltim', {'case': 'genitive', 'number': 'singular'}), ('iltān', {'case': 'nominative', 'number': 'dual'}), ('iltīn', {'case': 'oblique', 'number': 'dual'}), ('ilātum', {'case': 'nominative', 'number': 'plural'}), ('ilātim', {'case': 'oblique', 'number': 'plural'})]
Return type:

List[Tuple[str, Dict[str, str]]]

8.1.10.3. cltk.morphology.lat module

This modules provides Decliner for Latin. Given a lemma, the Decliner will provide each grammatically valid forms

This work is based on the lexical and linguistic data built for and by the Collatinus Team ( https://github.com/biblissima/collatinus ). This module hence inherit the license from the original project. The objective of this module is to port part of Collatinus to CLTK.

class cltk.morphology.lat.CollatinusDecliner[source]

Bases: object

Latin Decliner based on Collatinus data and approach to declining words for Latin

# Ensure you have downloaded the corpus latin_models_cltk before running this
from cltk.stem.lat.declension import CollatinusDecliner

decliner = CollatinusDecliner()
print(decliner.decline("via"))

 [
     ('via', '--s----n-'), ('via', '--s----v-'), ('viam', '--s----a-'), ('viae', '--s----g-'),
     ('viae', '--s----d-'), ('via', '--s----b-'), ('viae', '--p----n-'), ('viae', '--p----v-'),
     ('vias', '--p----a-'), ('viarum', '--p----g-'), ('viis', '--p----d-'), ('viis', '--p----b-')
 ]
_remove_disambiguation(root)[source]

Remove disambiguation index from lemma root

Parameters:

root – Root in Collatinus

Returns:

Cleaned root

_getRoots(lemma, model)[source]

Retrieve the known roots of a lemma

Parameters:
  • lemma (str) – Canonical form of the word (lemma)

  • model (dict) – Model data from the loaded self.__data__. Can be passed by decline()

Returns:

Dictionary of roots with their root identifier as key

Return type:

dict

decline(lemma, flatten=False, collatinus_dict=False)[source]

Decline a lemma

Warning

POS are incomplete as we do not detect the type outside of verbs, participle and adjective.

Raises:

CLTKException – When the lemma is unknown to our data

Parameters:
  • lemma (str) – Lemma (Canonical form) to decline

  • flatten (bool) – If set to True, returns a list of forms without natural language information about them

  • collatinus_dict (bool) – If sets to True, Dictionary of grammatically valid forms, including variants, with keys corresponding to morpho informations.

Returns:

List of tuple where first value is the form and second the pos, ie [(“sum”, “v1ppip—“)]

Return type:

list or dict

property lemmas: Dict[str, Dict[str, str]]
Return type:

Dict[str, Dict[str, str]]

8.1.10.4. cltk.morphology.morphosyntax module

A module for representing universal morphosyntactic feature bundles.

class cltk.morphology.morphosyntax.MorphosyntacticFeatureBundle(*features)[source]

Bases: object

A representation of a set of features, usually associated with a word form.

all()[source]
Return type:

List[Tuple[Type[MorphosyntacticFeature], List[MorphosyntacticFeature]]]

underspecify(feature_name)[source]

Underspecify the given feature in the bundle. >>> f1 = f(F.pos, N.pos, V.neg) >>> f1.underspecify(F) >>> f1[F] is Underspecified True

Return type:

None

matches(other)[source]

This feature bundle matches other if other contains all the features of this bundle, i.e. if this bundle is an improper subset of other. Underspecified features will match.

>>> f1 = f(F, N.pos, V.neg)
>>> f2 = f(F.neg, N.pos, V.neg)
>>> f3 = f(F.pos, N.neg, V.pos)
>>> f1.matches(f2)
True
>>> f1.matches(f3)
False
Return type:

bool

keys()[source]
values()[source]
items()[source]
cltk.morphology.morphosyntax.f

alias of MorphosyntacticFeatureBundle

cltk.morphology.morphosyntax.to_categorial(pos)[source]

Maps UD parts of speech to binary categorial feature bundles. In some cases these are underspecified, including empty bundles for interjections. >>> to_categorial(POS.adjective) {F: [neg], N: [pos], V: [pos]} >>> to_categorial(POS.particle) {F: [pos]} >>> to_categorial(POS.interjection) {}

Return type:

MorphosyntacticFeatureBundle

cltk.morphology.morphosyntax.from_ud(feature_name, feature_value)[source]

For a given Universal Dependencies feature name and value, return the appropriate feature class/value. >>> from_ud(‘Case’, ‘Abl’) ablative >>> from_ud(‘Abbr’, ‘Yes’) pos >>> from_ud(‘PronType’, ‘Ind’) indefinite

Return type:

Optional[MorphosyntacticFeature]

8.1.10.5. cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features module

Data types for each morphological category and features annotated by the Universal Dependencies (UD) project (<https://universaldependencies.org/guidelines.html>_).

These are from v2 of UD, except for Strength which is from v1 and was (as of 12/2020) still in the Gothic treebank.

class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.MorphosyntacticFeature(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: CLTKEnum

A generic multivalued morphosyntactic feature.

class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.N(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

A `nominal word <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal_(linguistics)>_, “a category used to group together nouns and adjectives based on shared properties. The motivation for nominal grouping is that in many languages nouns and adjectives share a number of morphological and syntactic properties.”

pos = 1
neg = 2
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.V(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

A verbal word, which “typically signal events and actions, can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and govern the number and types of other constituents which may occur in the clause.” See notes that verb-like forms may be better classed as eg, nouns, adjectives, etc..

pos = 1
neg = 2
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.F(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

A function word. These “have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning and express grammatical relationships among other words within a sentence, or specify the attitude or mood of the speaker”.

pos = 1
neg = 2
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.POS(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

The POS “feature” represents the list of syntactic categories published by the UD project. See https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html

adjective = 1
adposition = 2
adverb = 3
auxiliary = 4
coordinating_conjunction = 5
determiner = 6
interjection = 7
noun = 8
numeral = 9
particle = 10
possessors_number = 11
pronoun = 12
proper_noun = 13
punctuation = 14
subordinating_conjunction = 15
symbol = 16
verb = 17
other = 18
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.VerbForm(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

The inlectional type of the verb. Possibly this confuses tense, aspect, and other more primitive morphosyntactic information. see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbForm.html

converb = 1
finite = 2
gerund = 3
gerundive = 4
infinitive = 5
participle = 6
supine = 7
masdar = 8
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Mood(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

The mood of a verb. see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Mood.html

admirative = 1
conditional = 2
desiderative = 3
imperative = 4
indicative = 5
jussive = 6
necessitative = 7
optative = 8
potential = 9
purposive = 10
quotative = 11
subjunctive = 12
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Tense(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

The tense of a verb, i.e. the time of the eventuality in relation to a reference point in time. see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Tense.html

future = 1
imperfect = 2
past = 3
pluperfect = 4
present = 5
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Aspect(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

The aspect of the verb, i.e. the temporal structure of the eventuality. see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Aspect.html

habitual = 1
imperfective = 2
iterative = 3
perfective = 4
progressive = 5
prospective = 6
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Voice(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

The voice of the verb, i.e. the relation of the participants to the eventuality. see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Voice.html

active = 1
antipassive = 2
beneficiary_focus = 3
location_focus = 4
causative = 5
direct = 6
inverse = 7
middle = 8
passive = 9
reciprocal = 10
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Evidentiality(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

What evidence is there for the assertion of the eventuality described by the verb? Is it based on the speaker’s knowledge, or indirect? see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Evident.html

first_hand = 1
non_first_hand = 2
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Polarity(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

Is the proposition negative or positive? see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Polarity.html

pos = 1
neg = 2
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Person(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

The grammatical person of the verb, i.e. the participant indicated by the subject. # see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Person.html

zeroth = 1
first = 2
second = 3
third = 4
fourth = 5
psor = 6
subj = 7
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Politeness(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

The morphological reflex of the formal register with which participants are addressed in the sentence, affecting verbs and pronouns. see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Polite.html

elevated = 1
formal = 2
humble = 3
informal = 4
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Clusivity(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

Does a first person plural subject include the addressee? see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Clusivity.html

exclusive = 1
inclusive = 2
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Strength(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

Is this a strong or weak verb or adjective? UDv1 feature, specific to Gothic. see http://universaldependencies.org/docsv1/got/feat/Strength.html

strong = 1
weak = 2
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Case(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

The case of a noun phrase. see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html

nominative = 1
accusative = 2
ergative = 3
absolutive = 4
abessive = 5
befefactive = 6
causative = 7
comparative = 8
considerative = 9
comitative = 10
dative = 11
distributive = 12
equative = 13
genitive = 14
instrumental = 15
partitive = 16
vocative = 17
ablative = 18
additive = 19
adessive = 20
allative = 21
delative = 22
elative = 23
essive = 24
illative = 25
inessive = 26
lative = 27
locative = 28
perlative = 29
sublative = 30
superessive = 31
terminative = 32
temporal = 33
translative = 34
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Gender(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

The grammatical gender of a nominal. see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Gender.html

masculine = 1
feminine = 2
neuter = 3
common = 4
psor = 5
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Animacy(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

The soul-type of an entity (as it were.) see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Animacy.html

animate = 1
human = 2
inanimate = 3
non_human = 4
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Number(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

The count type of an entity. see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Number.html

collective = 1
count_plural = 2
dual = 3
greater_paucal = 4
greater_plural = 5
inverse_number = 6
paucal = 7
plural = 8
plurale_tantum = 9
singular = 10
trial = 11
psor = 12
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.NumForm(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

Feature of cardinal and ordinal numbers. Is the number expressed by digits or as a word? See https://universaldependencies.org/cs/feat/NumForm.html.

word = 1
digit = 2
roman = 3
reference = 4
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Definiteness(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

The relationship between noun phrases and entities in or not in the discoursive context. see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Definiteness.html

complex = 1
construct_state = 2
definite = 3
indefinite = 4
specific_indefinite = 5
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Degree(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

The degree of adjectives. see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Degree.html

absolute_superlative = 1
comparative = 2
equative = 3
positive = 4
superlative = 5
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.NameType(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

The type of named entity, mostly applying to proper nouns. see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/NameType.html

place = 1
person = 2
person_given_name = 3
person_surname = 4
nationality = 5
company = 6
product = 7
other = 8
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.PronominalType(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

A subclassification of pronouns. see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html

article = 1
contrastive = 2
demonstrative = 3
emphatic = 4
exclamative = 5
indefinite = 6
interrogative = 7
negative = 8
personal = 9
reciprocal = 10
relative = 11
total = 12
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.AdpositionalType(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

Defines the position of an adposition. see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/AdpType.html

preposition = 1
postposition = 2
circumposition = 3
vocalized_adposition = 4
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.AdverbialType(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

What type of adverb is this? see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/AdvType.html

manner = 1
location = 2
time = 3
degree = 4
cause = 5
modality = 6
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.VerbType(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

If this is a functional verb, what kind is it? see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbType.html

auxiliary = 1
copula = 2
modal = 3
light = 4
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Possessive(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

Is this nominal form marked as a possessive? see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Poss.html

pos = 1
neg = 2
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Numeral(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

A subclassification of numeric types. see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/NumType.html

cardinal = 1
distributive = 2
fractional = 3
multiplicative = 4
ordinal = 5
range = 6
sets = 7
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Reflexive(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

Is the pronoun reflexive? see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Reflex.html

pos = 1
neg = 2
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Foreign(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

Is this a foreign word, relative to the language of the sentences? see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Foreign.html

pos = 1
neg = 2
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Abbreviation(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

Is this word an abbreviation? see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Abbr.html

pos = 1
neg = 2
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Typo(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

Does this word contain a typo? see https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Typo.html

pos = 1
neg = 2
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.InflClass(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

ind_eur_a = 1
ind_eur_e = 2
ind_eur_i = 3
ind_eur_o = 4
ind_eur_u = 5
ind_eur_x = 6
lat_a = 7
lat_anom = 8
lat_e = 9
lat_i = 10
lat_i2 = 11
lat_pron = 12
lat_x = 13
nominal = 14
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.NumValue(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

pos = 1
neg = 2
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Proper(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

Added October 2023.

yes = 1
class cltk.morphology.universal_dependencies_features.Form(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]

Bases: MorphosyntacticFeature

pos = 1
neg = 2

8.1.10.6. cltk.morphology.utils module

Misc helper functions for extracting morphological info from CLTK data structures.

cltk.morphology.utils.get_pos(word)[source]

Take word, return structured info.

Return type:

Optional[str]

cltk.morphology.utils.get_features(word, prepend_to_label=None)[source]

Take a word, return a list of feature labels.

Return type:

Tuple[List[str], List[Union[str, int, float, None]]]