If you need to provide custom file storage – a common example is storing files on some remote system – you can do so by defining a custom storage class. You’ll need to follow these steps:
Your custom storage system must be a subclass of
django.core.files.storage.Storage:
from django.core.files.storage import Storage
class MyStorage(Storage):
...
Django must be able to instantiate your storage system without any arguments.
This means that any settings should be taken from django.conf.settings:
from django.conf import settings
from django.core.files.storage import Storage
class MyStorage(Storage):
def __init__(self, option=None):
if not option:
option = settings.CUSTOM_STORAGE_OPTIONS
...
Your storage class must implement the _open() and _save()
methods, along with any other methods appropriate to your storage class. See
below for more on these methods.
In addition, if your class provides local file storage, it must override
the path() method.
Your storage class must be deconstructible
so it can be serialized when it’s used on a field in a migration. As long
as your field has arguments that are themselves
serializable, you can use the
django.utils.deconstruct.deconstructible class decorator for this
(that’s what Django uses on FileSystemStorage).
By default, the following methods raise NotImplementedError and will typically have to be overridden:
Note however that not all these methods are required and may be deliberately omitted. As it happens, it is possible to leave each method unimplemented and still have a working Storage.
By way of example, if listing the contents of certain storage backends turns out to be expensive, you might decide not to implement Storage.listdir.
Another example would be a backend that only handles writing to files. In this case, you would not need to implement any of the above methods.
Ultimately, which of these methods are implemented is up to you. Leaving some methods unimplemented will result in a partial (possibly broken) interface.
You’ll also usually want to use hooks specifically designed for custom storage objects. These are:
Required.
Called by Storage.open(), this is the actual mechanism the storage class
uses to open the file. This must return a File object, though in most cases,
you’ll want to return some subclass here that implements logic specific to the
backend storage system.
Called by Storage.save(). The name will already have gone through
get_valid_name() and get_available_name(), and the content will be a
File object itself.
Should return the actual name of name of the file saved (usually the name
passed in, but if the storage needs to change the file name return the new name
instead).
Returns a filename suitable for use with the underlying storage system. The
name argument passed to this method is either the original filename sent to
the server or, if upload_to is a callable, the filename returned by that
method after any path information is removed. Override this to customize how
non-standard characters are converted to safe filenames.
The code provided on Storage retains only alpha-numeric characters, periods
and underscores from the original filename, removing everything else.
Returns a filename that is available in the storage mechanism, possibly taking
the provided filename into account. The name argument passed to this method
will have already cleaned to a filename valid for the storage system, according
to the get_valid_name() method described above.
The length of the filename will not exceed max_length, if provided. If a
free unique filename cannot be found, a SuspiciousFileOperation exception is raised.
If a file with name already exists, an underscore plus a random 7 character
alphanumeric string is appended to the filename before the extension.
Dec 25, 2023