If you are unable to use the binary wheels (for platforms where no
pre-built wheels are available or if wheel installation is disabled),
you can build gevent from source. A normal pip install will
fallback to doing this if no binary wheel is available. (If you’ll be
developing gevent, you’ll need to install from
source also; follow that link for more details.)
You can force installation of gevent from source with pip
install --no-binary gevent gevent. This is useful if there is a
binary wheel available, but you want to change the compile-time
options, such as to use a system version of libuv instead of the
embedded version. See Build-Time Configuration.
You’ll need pip 19 and setuptools 40.8 with fully functional PEP 518 and PEP 517 support to install gevent from source.
You’ll need a working C compiler toolchain that can build Python extensions. On some platforms, you may need to install Python development packages. You’ll also need the ability to compile cffi modules, which may require installing FFI development packages. Installing make and other common utilities such as file may also be required.
For example, on Alpine Linux, one might need to do this:
apk add --virtual build-deps file make gcc musl-dev libffi-dev
On Fedora Rawhide for Fedora 33, one might need to do this:
yum install python3-devel gcc kernel-devel kernel-headers make diffutils file
(Newer versions of Fedora use dnf for package management but as
of this writing yum is still available and widely used,
especially for backwards compatibility.)
On the Docker image for Ubuntu 20.04, one might need to do this:
apt-get install python3.9-full python3.9-dev linux-headers-virtual make gcc libtool
See issue #1567, issue #1559, and issue #1566.
Note
The exact set of external dependencies isn’t necessarily fixed and depends on the configure scripts of the bundled C libraries such as libev, libuv and c-ares. Disabling Embedding Libraries and using system libraries can reduce these dependencies, although this isn’t encouraged.
On older versions of Linux, linking to librt might be useful to
avoid system calls from libev accessing the current time. One way to
do this is to set the LDFLAGS environment variable to include
-lrt when installing from source. (This is done automatically
when gevent builds manylinux wheels.) See pull request #1650.
Installing from source requires setuptools. This is installed
automatically in virtual environments and by buildout. However,
gevent uses PEP 496 environment markers in setup.py.
Consequently, you’ll need a version of setuptools newer than 25
(mid 2016) to install gevent from source; a version that’s too old
will produce a ValueError. Older versions of pipenv may also
have issues installing gevent for this reason.
gevent 1.5 and newer come with a pyproject.toml file that
installs the build dependencies, including CFFI (needed for libuv
support). pip 18 or above is required for this support.
You can use pip’s VCS support to install gevent directly from its code repository. This can be useful to check if a bug you’re experiencing has been fixed. For example, to install the current development version:
pip install git+git://github.com/gevent/gevent.git#egg=gevent
Often one would install this way into a virtual environment.
If you’re using pip 18 or above, that should be all you need. If you have difficulties, see the development instructions for more information.
The following are some common installation problems and solutions for those compiling gevent from source.
Some Linux distributions are now mounting their temporary
directories with the noexec option. This can cause a standard
pip install gevent to fail with an error like cannot run C
compiled programs. One fix is to mount the temporary directory
without that option. Another may be to use the --build option to
pip install to specify another directory. See issue #570 and issue #612 for examples.
Also check for conflicts with environment variables like CFLAGS.
For example, see Library Updates.
Users of a recent SmartOS release may need to customize the
CPPFLAGS (the environment variable containing the default
options for the C preprocessor) if they are using the libev shipped
with gevent. See Operating Systems
for more information.
If you see ValueError: ("Expected ',' or end-of-list in", "cffi >=
1.11.5 ; sys_platform == 'win32' and platform_python_implementation
== 'CPython'", 'at', " ; sys_platform == 'win32' and
platform_python_implementation == 'CPython'"), the version of
setuptools is too old. Install a more recent version of setuptools.
There are a few knobs that can be tweaked at gevent build time. These
are mostly useful for downstream packagers. They all take the form of
environment variables that must be set when setup.py is called
(note that pip install will invoke setup.py). Toggle flags
that have boolean values may take the form of 0/1, true/false, off/on,
yes/no.
CPPFLAGSA standard variable used when building the C extensions. gevent may make slight modifications to this variable.
CFLAGSA standard variable used when building the C extensions. gevent may make slight modifications to this variable.
LDFLAGSA standard variable used when building the C extensions. gevent may make slight modifications to this variable.
GEVENTSETUP_EV_VERIFYIf set, the value is passed through as the value of the
EV_VERIFY C compiler macro when libev is embedded.
In general, setting CPPFLAGS is more general and can contain
other macros recognized by libev.
By default, gevent builds and embeds tested versions of its C dependencies libev, libuv, and c-ares. This is the recommended configuration as the specific versions used are tested by gevent, and sometimes require patches to be applied. Moreover, embedding, especially in the case of libev, can be more efficient as features not needed by gevent can be disabled, resulting in smaller or faster libraries or runtimes.
However, this can be disabled, either for all libraries at once or for individual libraries.
When embedding a library is disabled, the library must already be
installed on the system in a way the compiler can access and link
(i.e., correct CPPFLAGS, etc) in order to use the corresponding C
extension.
GEVENTSETUP_EMBEDA boolean defaulting to true. When turned off (e.g.,
GEVENTSETUP_EMBED=0), libraries are not embedded in the gevent C
extensions. The value of this is used as the default for all the
libraries if no more specific version is defined.
GEVENTSETUP_EMBED_LIBEVControls embedding libev.
GEVENTSETUP_EMBED_CARESControls embedding c-ares.
GEVENTSETUP_EMBED_LIBUVThis is not defined or used, only a CFFI extension is available and those are always embedded.
Older versions of gevent supported EMBED and LIBEV_EMBED, etc,
to mean the same thing. Those aliases still work but are deprecated
and print a warning.
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