Source code for pyramid.httpexceptions

"""
HTTP Exceptions
---------------

This module contains Pyramid HTTP exception classes.  Each class relates to a
single HTTP status code.  Each class is a subclass of the
:class:`~HTTPException`.  Each exception class is also a :term:`response`
object.

Each exception class has a status code according to :rfc:`2068` or :rfc:`7538`:
codes with 100-300 are not really errors; 400s are client errors,
and 500s are server errors.

Exception
  HTTPException
    HTTPSuccessful
      * 200 - HTTPOk
      * 201 - HTTPCreated
      * 202 - HTTPAccepted
      * 203 - HTTPNonAuthoritativeInformation
      * 204 - HTTPNoContent
      * 205 - HTTPResetContent
      * 206 - HTTPPartialContent
    HTTPRedirection
      * 300 - HTTPMultipleChoices
      * 301 - HTTPMovedPermanently
      * 302 - HTTPFound
      * 303 - HTTPSeeOther
      * 304 - HTTPNotModified
      * 305 - HTTPUseProxy
      * 307 - HTTPTemporaryRedirect
      * 308 - HTTPPermanentRedirect
    HTTPError
      HTTPClientError
        * 400 - HTTPBadRequest
        * 401 - HTTPUnauthorized
        * 402 - HTTPPaymentRequired
        * 403 - HTTPForbidden
        * 404 - HTTPNotFound
        * 405 - HTTPMethodNotAllowed
        * 406 - HTTPNotAcceptable
        * 407 - HTTPProxyAuthenticationRequired
        * 408 - HTTPRequestTimeout
        * 409 - HTTPConflict
        * 410 - HTTPGone
        * 411 - HTTPLengthRequired
        * 412 - HTTPPreconditionFailed
        * 413 - HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge
        * 414 - HTTPRequestURITooLong
        * 415 - HTTPUnsupportedMediaType
        * 416 - HTTPRequestRangeNotSatisfiable
        * 417 - HTTPExpectationFailed
        * 422 - HTTPUnprocessableEntity
        * 423 - HTTPLocked
        * 424 - HTTPFailedDependency
        * 428 - HTTPPreconditionRequired
        * 429 - HTTPTooManyRequests
        * 431 - HTTPRequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge
      HTTPServerError
        * 500 - HTTPInternalServerError
        * 501 - HTTPNotImplemented
        * 502 - HTTPBadGateway
        * 503 - HTTPServiceUnavailable
        * 504 - HTTPGatewayTimeout
        * 505 - HTTPVersionNotSupported
        * 507 - HTTPInsufficientStorage

HTTP exceptions are also :term:`response` objects, thus they accept most of
the same parameters that can be passed to a regular
:class:`~pyramid.response.Response`. Each HTTP exception also has the
following attributes:

   ``code``
       the HTTP status code for the exception

   ``title``
       remainder of the status line (stuff after the code)

   ``explanation``
       a plain-text explanation of the error message that is
       not subject to environment or header substitutions;
       it is accessible in the template via ${explanation}

   ``detail``
       a plain-text message customization that is not subject
       to environment or header substitutions; accessible in
       the template via ${detail}

   ``body_template``
       a ``String.template``-format content fragment used for environment
       and header substitution; the default template includes both
       the explanation and further detail provided in the
       message.

Each HTTP exception accepts the following parameters, any others will
be forwarded to its :class:`~pyramid.response.Response` superclass:

   ``detail``
     a plain-text override of the default ``detail``

   ``headers``
     a list of (k,v) header pairs, or a dict, to be added to the
     response; use the content_type='application/json' kwarg and other
     similar kwargs to to change properties of the response supported by the
     :class:`pyramid.response.Response` superclass

   ``comment``
     a plain-text additional information which is
     usually stripped/hidden for end-users

   ``body_template``
     a ``string.Template`` object containing a content fragment in HTML
     that frames the explanation and further detail

   ``body``
     a string that will override the ``body_template`` and be used as the
     body of the response.

Substitution of response headers into template values is always performed.
Substitution of WSGI environment values is performed if a ``request`` is
passed to the exception's constructor.

The subclasses of :class:`~_HTTPMove`
(:class:`~HTTPMultipleChoices`, :class:`~HTTPMovedPermanently`,
:class:`~HTTPFound`, :class:`~HTTPSeeOther`, :class:`~HTTPUseProxy`,
:class:`~HTTPTemporaryRedirect`, and :class: `~HTTPPermanentRedirect) are
redirections that require a ``Location`` field. Reflecting this, these
subclasses have one additional keyword argument: ``location``,
which indicates the location to which to redirect.
"""
import json

from string import Template

from zope.interface import implementer

from webob import html_escape as _html_escape
from webob.acceptparse import create_accept_header

from pyramid._compat import class_types, text_type, binary_type, text_

from pyramid.interfaces import IExceptionResponse
from pyramid.response import Response


def _no_escape(value):
    if value is None:
        return ''
    if not isinstance(value, text_type):
        if hasattr(value, '__unicode__'):
            value = value.__unicode__()
        if isinstance(value, binary_type):
            value = text_(value, 'utf-8')
        else:
            value = text_type(value)
    return value


[docs] @implementer(IExceptionResponse) class HTTPException(Response, Exception): # You should set in subclasses: # code = 200 # title = 'OK' # explanation = 'why this happens' # body_template_obj = Template('response template') # # This class itself uses the error code "520" with the error message/title # of "Unknown Error". This is not an RFC standard, however it is # implemented in practice. Sub-classes should be overriding the default # values and 520 should not be seen in the wild from Pyramid applications. # Due to changes in WebOb, a code of "None" is not valid, and WebOb due to # more strict error checking rejects it now. # differences from webob.exc.WSGIHTTPException: # # - doesn't use "strip_tags" (${br} placeholder for <br/>, no other html # in default body template) # # - __call__ never generates a new Response, it always mutates self # # - explicitly sets self.message = detail to prevent whining by Python # 2.6.5+ access of Exception.message # # - its base class of HTTPException is no longer a Python 2.4 compatibility # shim; it's purely a base class that inherits from Exception. This # implies that this class' ``exception`` property always returns # ``self`` (it exists only for bw compat at this point). # # - documentation improvements (Pyramid-specific docstrings where # necessary) # code = 520 title = 'Unknown Error' explanation = '' body_template_obj = Template( '''\ ${explanation}${br}${br} ${detail} ${html_comment} ''' ) plain_template_obj = Template( '''\ ${status} ${body}''' ) html_template_obj = Template( '''\ <html> <head> <title>${status}</title> </head> <body> <h1>${status}</h1> ${body} </body> </html>''' ) # Set this to True for responses that should have no request body empty_body = False def __init__( self, detail=None, headers=None, comment=None, body_template=None, json_formatter=None, **kw ): status = '%s %s' % (self.code, self.title) Response.__init__(self, status=status, **kw) Exception.__init__(self, detail) self.detail = self.message = detail if headers: self.headers.extend(headers) self.comment = comment if body_template is not None: self.body_template = body_template self.body_template_obj = Template(body_template) if json_formatter is not None: self._json_formatter = json_formatter if self.empty_body: del self.content_type del self.content_length def __str__(self): return str(self.detail) if self.detail else self.explanation def _json_formatter(self, status, body, title, environ): return {'message': body, 'code': status, 'title': self.title} def prepare(self, environ): if not self.has_body and not self.empty_body: html_comment = '' comment = self.comment or '' accept_value = environ.get('HTTP_ACCEPT', '') accept = create_accept_header(accept_value) # Attempt to match text/html or application/json, if those don't # match, we will fall through to defaulting to text/plain acceptable = accept.acceptable_offers( ['text/html', 'application/json'] ) acceptable = [offer[0] for offer in acceptable] + ['text/plain'] match = acceptable[0] if match == 'text/html': self.content_type = 'text/html' escape = _html_escape page_template = self.html_template_obj br = '<br/>' if comment: html_comment = '<!-- %s -->' % escape(comment) elif match == 'application/json': self.content_type = 'application/json' self.charset = None escape = _no_escape br = '\n' if comment: html_comment = escape(comment) class JsonPageTemplate(object): def __init__(self, excobj): self.excobj = excobj def substitute(self, status, body): jsonbody = self.excobj._json_formatter( status=status, body=body, title=self.excobj.title, environ=environ, ) return json.dumps(jsonbody) page_template = JsonPageTemplate(self) else: self.content_type = 'text/plain' escape = _no_escape page_template = self.plain_template_obj br = '\n' if comment: html_comment = escape(comment) args = { 'br': br, 'explanation': escape(self.explanation), 'detail': escape(self.detail or ''), 'comment': escape(comment), 'html_comment': html_comment, } body_tmpl = self.body_template_obj if HTTPException.body_template_obj is not body_tmpl: # Custom template; add headers to args for k, v in environ.items(): if (not k.startswith('wsgi.')) and ('.' in k): # omit custom environ variables, stringifying them may # trigger code that should not be executed here; see # https://github.com/Pylons/pyramid/issues/239 continue args[k] = escape(v) for k, v in self.headers.items(): args[k.lower()] = escape(v) body = body_tmpl.substitute(args) page = page_template.substitute(status=self.status, body=body) if isinstance(page, text_type): page = page.encode(self.charset if self.charset else 'UTF-8') self.app_iter = [page] self.body = page @property def wsgi_response(self): # bw compat only return self exception = wsgi_response # bw compat only def __call__(self, environ, start_response): # differences from webob.exc.WSGIHTTPException # # - does not try to deal with HEAD requests # # - does not manufacture a new response object when generating # the default response # self.prepare(environ) return Response.__call__(self, environ, start_response)
WSGIHTTPException = HTTPException # b/c post 1.5
[docs] class HTTPError(HTTPException): """ base class for exceptions with status codes in the 400s and 500s This is an exception which indicates that an error has occurred, and that any work in progress should not be committed. """
[docs] class HTTPRedirection(HTTPException): """ base class for exceptions with status codes in the 300s (redirections) This is an abstract base class for 3xx redirection. It indicates that further action needs to be taken by the user agent in order to fulfill the request. It does not necessarily signal an error condition. """
class HTTPSuccessful(HTTPException): """ Base class for exceptions with status codes in the 200s (successful responses) """ ############################################################ # 2xx success ############################################################
[docs] class HTTPOk(HTTPSuccessful): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPSuccessful` Indicates that the request has succeeded. code: 200, title: OK """ code = 200 title = 'OK'
[docs] class HTTPCreated(HTTPSuccessful): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPSuccessful` This indicates that request has been fulfilled and resulted in a new resource being created. code: 201, title: Created """ code = 201 title = 'Created'
[docs] class HTTPAccepted(HTTPSuccessful): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPSuccessful` This indicates that the request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed. code: 202, title: Accepted """ code = 202 title = 'Accepted' explanation = 'The request is accepted for processing.'
[docs] class HTTPNonAuthoritativeInformation(HTTPSuccessful): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPSuccessful` This indicates that the returned metainformation in the entity-header is not the definitive set as available from the origin server, but is gathered from a local or a third-party copy. code: 203, title: Non-Authoritative Information """ code = 203 title = 'Non-Authoritative Information'
[docs] class HTTPNoContent(HTTPSuccessful): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPSuccessful` This indicates that the server has fulfilled the request but does not need to return an entity-body, and might want to return updated metainformation. code: 204, title: No Content """ code = 204 title = 'No Content' empty_body = True
[docs] class HTTPResetContent(HTTPSuccessful): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPSuccessful` This indicates that the server has fulfilled the request and the user agent SHOULD reset the document view which caused the request to be sent. code: 205, title: Reset Content """ code = 205 title = 'Reset Content' empty_body = True
[docs] class HTTPPartialContent(HTTPSuccessful): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPSuccessful` This indicates that the server has fulfilled the partial GET request for the resource. code: 206, title: Partial Content """ code = 206 title = 'Partial Content'
# FIXME: add 207 Multi-Status (but it's complicated) ############################################################ # 3xx redirection ############################################################ class _HTTPMove(HTTPRedirection): """ redirections which require a Location field Since a 'Location' header is a required attribute of 301, 302, 303, 305 and 307 (but not 304), this base class provides the mechanics to make this easy. You must provide a ``location`` keyword argument. """ # differences from webob.exc._HTTPMove: # # - ${location} isn't wrapped in an <a> tag in body # # - location keyword arg defaults to '' # # - location isn't prepended with req.path_url when adding it as # a header # # - ``location`` is first keyword (and positional) argument # # - ``add_slash`` argument is no longer accepted: code that passes # add_slash argument to the constructor will receive an exception. explanation = 'The resource has been moved to' body_template_obj = Template( '''\ ${explanation} ${location}; you should be redirected automatically. ${detail} ${html_comment}''' ) def __init__( self, location='', detail=None, headers=None, comment=None, body_template=None, **kw ): if location is None: raise ValueError("HTTP redirects need a location to redirect to.") super(_HTTPMove, self).__init__( detail=detail, headers=headers, comment=comment, body_template=body_template, location=location, **kw )
[docs] class HTTPMultipleChoices(_HTTPMove): """ subclass of :class:`~_HTTPMove` This indicates that the requested resource corresponds to any one of a set of representations, each with its own specific location, and agent-driven negotiation information is being provided so that the user can select a preferred representation and redirect its request to that location. code: 300, title: Multiple Choices """ code = 300 title = 'Multiple Choices'
[docs] class HTTPMovedPermanently(_HTTPMove): """ subclass of :class:`~_HTTPMove` This indicates that the requested resource has been assigned a new permanent URI and any future references to this resource SHOULD use one of the returned URIs. code: 301, title: Moved Permanently """ code = 301 title = 'Moved Permanently'
[docs] class HTTPFound(_HTTPMove): """ subclass of :class:`~_HTTPMove` This indicates that the requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI. code: 302, title: Found """ code = 302 title = 'Found' explanation = 'The resource was found at'
# This one is safe after a POST (the redirected location will be # retrieved with GET):
[docs] class HTTPSeeOther(_HTTPMove): """ subclass of :class:`~_HTTPMove` This indicates that the response to the request can be found under a different URI and SHOULD be retrieved using a GET method on that resource. code: 303, title: See Other """ code = 303 title = 'See Other'
[docs] class HTTPNotModified(HTTPRedirection): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPRedirection` This indicates that if the client has performed a conditional GET request and access is allowed, but the document has not been modified, the server SHOULD respond with this status code. code: 304, title: Not Modified """ # FIXME: this should include a date or etag header code = 304 title = 'Not Modified' empty_body = True
[docs] class HTTPUseProxy(_HTTPMove): """ subclass of :class:`~_HTTPMove` This indicates that the requested resource MUST be accessed through the proxy given by the Location field. code: 305, title: Use Proxy """ # Not a move, but looks a little like one code = 305 title = 'Use Proxy' explanation = 'The resource must be accessed through a proxy located at'
[docs] class HTTPTemporaryRedirect(_HTTPMove): """ subclass of :class:`~_HTTPMove` This indicates that the requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI. code: 307, title: Temporary Redirect """ code = 307 title = 'Temporary Redirect'
[docs] class HTTPPermanentRedirect(_HTTPMove): """ subclass of :class:`~_HTTPMove` This indicates that the requested resource resides permanently under a different URI and that the request method must not be changed. code: 308, title: Permanent Redirect """ code = 308 title = 'Permanent Redirect'
############################################################ # 4xx client error ############################################################
[docs] class HTTPClientError(HTTPError): """ base class for the 400s, where the client is in error This is an error condition in which the client is presumed to be in-error. This is an expected problem, and thus is not considered a bug. A server-side traceback is not warranted. Unless specialized, this is a '400 Bad Request' """ code = 400 title = 'Bad Request'
[docs] class HTTPBadRequest(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the body or headers failed validity checks, preventing the server from being able to continue processing. code: 400, title: Bad Request """ explanation = ( 'The server could not comply with the request since ' 'it is either malformed or otherwise incorrect.' )
[docs] class HTTPUnauthorized(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the request requires user authentication. code: 401, title: Unauthorized """ code = 401 title = 'Unauthorized' explanation = ( 'This server could not verify that you are authorized to ' 'access the document you requested. Either you supplied the ' 'wrong credentials (e.g., bad password), or your browser ' 'does not understand how to supply the credentials required.' )
[docs] class HTTPPaymentRequired(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` code: 402, title: Payment Required """ code = 402 title = 'Payment Required' explanation = 'Access was denied for financial reasons.'
[docs] class HTTPForbidden(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server understood the request, but is refusing to fulfill it. code: 403, title: Forbidden Raise this exception within :term:`view` code to immediately return the :term:`forbidden view` to the invoking user. Usually this is a basic ``403`` page, but the forbidden view can be customized as necessary. See :ref:`changing_the_forbidden_view`. A ``Forbidden`` exception will be the ``context`` of a :term:`Forbidden View`. This exception's constructor treats two arguments specially. The first argument, ``detail``, should be a string. The value of this string will be used as the ``message`` attribute of the exception object. The second special keyword argument, ``result`` is usually an instance of :class:`pyramid.security.Denied` or :class:`pyramid.security.ACLDenied` each of which indicates a reason for the forbidden error. However, ``result`` is also permitted to be just a plain boolean ``False`` object or ``None``. The ``result`` value will be used as the ``result`` attribute of the exception object. It defaults to ``None``. The :term:`Forbidden View` can use the attributes of a Forbidden exception as necessary to provide extended information in an error report shown to a user. """ # differences from webob.exc.HTTPForbidden: # # - accepts a ``result`` keyword argument # # - overrides constructor to set ``self.result`` # # differences from older ``pyramid.exceptions.Forbidden``: # # - ``result`` must be passed as a keyword argument. # code = 403 title = 'Forbidden' explanation = 'Access was denied to this resource.' def __init__( self, detail=None, headers=None, comment=None, body_template=None, result=None, **kw ): HTTPClientError.__init__( self, detail=detail, headers=headers, comment=comment, body_template=body_template, **kw ) self.result = result
[docs] class HTTPNotFound(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server did not find anything matching the Request-URI. code: 404, title: Not Found Raise this exception within :term:`view` code to immediately return the :term:`Not Found View` to the invoking user. Usually this is a basic ``404`` page, but the Not Found View can be customized as necessary. See :ref:`changing_the_notfound_view`. This exception's constructor accepts a ``detail`` argument (the first argument), which should be a string. The value of this string will be available as the ``message`` attribute of this exception, for availability to the :term:`Not Found View`. """ code = 404 title = 'Not Found' explanation = 'The resource could not be found.'
[docs] class HTTPMethodNotAllowed(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the method specified in the Request-Line is not allowed for the resource identified by the Request-URI. code: 405, title: Method Not Allowed """ # differences from webob.exc.HTTPMethodNotAllowed: # # - body_template_obj uses ${br} instead of <br /> code = 405 title = 'Method Not Allowed' body_template_obj = Template( '''\ The method ${REQUEST_METHOD} is not allowed for this resource. ${br}${br} ${detail}''' )
[docs] class HTTPNotAcceptable(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates the resource identified by the request is only capable of generating response entities which have content characteristics not acceptable according to the accept headers sent in the request. code: 406, title: Not Acceptable """ # differences from webob.exc.HTTPNotAcceptable: # # - "template" attribute left off (useless, bug in webob?) code = 406 title = 'Not Acceptable'
[docs] class HTTPProxyAuthenticationRequired(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This is similar to 401, but indicates that the client must first authenticate itself with the proxy. code: 407, title: Proxy Authentication Required """ code = 407 title = 'Proxy Authentication Required' explanation = 'Authentication with a local proxy is needed.'
[docs] class HTTPRequestTimeout(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the client did not produce a request within the time that the server was prepared to wait. code: 408, title: Request Timeout """ code = 408 title = 'Request Timeout' explanation = ( 'The server has waited too long for the request to ' 'be sent by the client.' )
[docs] class HTTPConflict(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the request could not be completed due to a conflict with the current state of the resource. code: 409, title: Conflict """ code = 409 title = 'Conflict' explanation = ( 'There was a conflict when trying to complete ' 'your request.' )
[docs] class HTTPGone(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the requested resource is no longer available at the server and no forwarding address is known. code: 410, title: Gone """ code = 410 title = 'Gone' explanation = ( 'This resource is no longer available. No forwarding ' 'address is given.' )
[docs] class HTTPLengthRequired(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server refuses to accept the request without a defined Content-Length. code: 411, title: Length Required """ code = 411 title = 'Length Required' explanation = 'Content-Length header required.'
[docs] class HTTPPreconditionFailed(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the precondition given in one or more of the request-header fields evaluated to false when it was tested on the server. code: 412, title: Precondition Failed """ code = 412 title = 'Precondition Failed' explanation = 'Request precondition failed.'
[docs] class HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server is refusing to process a request because the request entity is larger than the server is willing or able to process. code: 413, title: Request Entity Too Large """ code = 413 title = 'Request Entity Too Large' explanation = 'The body of your request was too large for this server.'
[docs] class HTTPRequestURITooLong(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server is refusing to service the request because the Request-URI is longer than the server is willing to interpret. code: 414, title: Request-URI Too Long """ code = 414 title = 'Request-URI Too Long' explanation = 'The request URI was too long for this server.'
[docs] class HTTPUnsupportedMediaType(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server is refusing to service the request because the entity of the request is in a format not supported by the requested resource for the requested method. code: 415, title: Unsupported Media Type """ # differences from webob.exc.HTTPUnsupportedMediaType: # # - "template_obj" attribute left off (useless, bug in webob?) code = 415 title = 'Unsupported Media Type'
[docs] class HTTPRequestRangeNotSatisfiable(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` The server SHOULD return a response with this status code if a request included a Range request-header field, and none of the range-specifier values in this field overlap the current extent of the selected resource, and the request did not include an If-Range request-header field. code: 416, title: Request Range Not Satisfiable """ code = 416 title = 'Request Range Not Satisfiable' explanation = 'The Range requested is not available.'
[docs] class HTTPExpectationFailed(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the expectation given in an Expect request-header field could not be met by this server. code: 417, title: Expectation Failed """ code = 417 title = 'Expectation Failed' explanation = 'Expectation failed.'
[docs] class HTTPUnprocessableEntity(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server is unable to process the contained instructions. May be used to notify the client that their JSON/XML is well formed, but not correct for the current request. See RFC4918 section 11 for more information. code: 422, title: Unprocessable Entity """ # Note: from WebDAV code = 422 title = 'Unprocessable Entity' explanation = 'Unable to process the contained instructions'
[docs] class HTTPLocked(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the resource is locked. code: 423, title: Locked """ # Note: from WebDAV code = 423 title = 'Locked' explanation = 'The resource is locked'
[docs] class HTTPFailedDependency(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the method could not be performed because the requested action depended on another action and that action failed. code: 424, title: Failed Dependency """ # Note: from WebDAV code = 424 title = 'Failed Dependency' explanation = ( 'The method could not be performed because the requested ' 'action dependended on another action and that action failed' )
class HTTPPreconditionRequired(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the origin server requires the request to be conditional. Its typical use is to avoid the "lost update" problem, where a client GETs a resource's state, modifies it, and PUTs it back to the server, when meanwhile a third party has modified the state on the server, leading to a conflict. By requiring requests to be conditional, the server can assure that clients are working with the correct copies. RFC 6585.3 code: 428, title: Precondition Required """ code = 428 title = 'Precondition Required' explanation = 'The origin server requires the request to be conditional.' class HTTPTooManyRequests(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the user has sent too many requests in a given amount of time ("rate limiting"). RFC 6585.4 code: 429, title: Too Many Requests """ code = 429 title = 'Too Many Requests' explanation = ( 'The action could not be performed because there were too ' 'many requests by the client.' ) class HTTPRequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server is unwilling to process the request because its header fields are too large. The request MAY be resubmitted after reducing the size of the request header fields. RFC 6585.5 code: 431, title: Request Header Fields Too Large """ code = 431 title = 'Request Header Fields Too Large' explanation = 'The requests header fields were too large.' ############################################################ # 5xx Server Error ############################################################ # Response status codes beginning with the digit "5" indicate cases in # which the server is aware that it has erred or is incapable of # performing the request. Except when responding to a HEAD request, the # server SHOULD include an entity containing an explanation of the error # situation, and whether it is a temporary or permanent condition. User # agents SHOULD display any included entity to the user. These response # codes are applicable to any request method.
[docs] class HTTPServerError(HTTPError): """ base class for the 500s, where the server is in-error This is an error condition in which the server is presumed to be in-error. Unless specialized, this is a '500 Internal Server Error'. """ code = 500 title = 'Internal Server Error'
[docs] class HTTPInternalServerError(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the server encountered an unexpected condition which prevented it from fulfilling the request. code: 500, title: Internal Server Error """ explanation = ( 'The server has either erred or is incapable of performing ' 'the requested operation.' )
[docs] class HTTPNotImplemented(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the server does not support the functionality required to fulfill the request. code: 501, title: Not Implemented """ # differences from webob.exc.HTTPNotAcceptable: # # - "template" attr left off (useless, bug in webob?) code = 501 title = 'Not Implemented'
[docs] class HTTPBadGateway(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, received an invalid response from the upstream server it accessed in attempting to fulfill the request. code: 502, title: Bad Gateway """ code = 502 title = 'Bad Gateway' explanation = 'Bad gateway.'
[docs] class HTTPServiceUnavailable(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the server is currently unable to handle the request due to a temporary overloading or maintenance of the server. code: 503, title: Service Unavailable """ code = 503 title = 'Service Unavailable' explanation = ( 'The server is currently unavailable. ' 'Please try again at a later time.' )
[docs] class HTTPGatewayTimeout(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, did not receive a timely response from the upstream server specified by the URI (e.g. HTTP, FTP, LDAP) or some other auxiliary server (e.g. DNS) it needed to access in attempting to complete the request. code: 504, title: Gateway Timeout """ code = 504 title = 'Gateway Timeout' explanation = 'The gateway has timed out.'
[docs] class HTTPVersionNotSupported(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the server does not support, or refuses to support, the HTTP protocol version that was used in the request message. code: 505, title: HTTP Version Not Supported """ code = 505 title = 'HTTP Version Not Supported' explanation = 'The HTTP version is not supported.'
[docs] class HTTPInsufficientStorage(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the server does not have enough space to save the resource. code: 507, title: Insufficient Storage """ code = 507 title = 'Insufficient Storage' explanation = 'There was not enough space to save the resource'
[docs] def exception_response(status_code, **kw): """Creates an HTTP exception based on a status code. Example:: raise exception_response(404) # raises an HTTPNotFound exception. The values passed as ``kw`` are provided to the exception's constructor. """ exc = status_map[status_code](**kw) return exc
def default_exceptionresponse_view(context, request): if not isinstance(context, Exception): # backwards compat for an exception response view registered via # config.set_notfound_view or config.set_forbidden_view # instead of as a proper exception view context = request.exception or context return context # assumed to be an IResponse status_map = {} code = None for name, value in list(globals().items()): if ( isinstance(value, class_types) and issubclass(value, HTTPException) and value not in {HTTPClientError, HTTPServerError} and not name.startswith('_') ): code = getattr(value, 'code', None) if code: status_map[code] = value del name, value, code