pyramid.view

render_view_to_response(context, request, name='', secure=True)

Call the view callable configured with a view configuration that matches the view name name registered against the specified context and request and return a response object. This function will return None if a corresponding view callable cannot be found (when no view configuration matches the combination of name / context / and request).

If secure` is True, and the view callable found is protected by a permission, the permission will be checked before calling the view function. If the permission check disallows view execution (based on the current authorization policy), a pyramid.httpexceptions.HTTPForbidden exception will be raised. The exception's args attribute explains why the view access was disallowed.

If secure is False, no permission checking is done.

render_view_to_iterable(context, request, name='', secure=True)

Call the view callable configured with a view configuration that matches the view name name registered against the specified context and request and return an iterable object which represents the body of a response. This function will return None if a corresponding view callable cannot be found (when no view configuration matches the combination of name / context / and request). Additionally, this function will raise a ValueError if a view function is found and called but the view function's result does not have an app_iter attribute.

You can usually get the bytestring representation of the return value of this function by calling b''.join(iterable), or just use pyramid.view.render_view() instead.

If secure is True, and the view is protected by a permission, the permission will be checked before the view function is invoked. If the permission check disallows view execution (based on the current security policy), a pyramid.httpexceptions.HTTPForbidden exception will be raised; its args attribute explains why the view access was disallowed.

If secure is False, no permission checking is done.

render_view(context, request, name='', secure=True)

Call the view callable configured with a view configuration that matches the view name name registered against the specified context and request and unwind the view response's app_iter (see View Callable Responses) into a single bytestring. This function will return None if a corresponding view callable cannot be found (when no view configuration matches the combination of name / context / and request). Additionally, this function will raise a ValueError if a view function is found and called but the view function's result does not have an app_iter attribute. This function will return None if a corresponding view cannot be found.

If secure is True, and the view is protected by a permission, the permission will be checked before the view is invoked. If the permission check disallows view execution (based on the current authorization policy), a pyramid.httpexceptions.HTTPForbidden exception will be raised; its args attribute explains why the view access was disallowed.

If secure is False, no permission checking is done.

class view_config(**settings)

A function, class or method decorator which allows a developer to create view registrations nearer to a view callable definition than use imperative configuration to do the same.

For example, this code in a module views.py:

from resources import MyResource

@view_config(name='my_view', context=MyResource, permission='read',
             route_name='site1')
def my_view(context, request):
    return 'OK'

Might replace the following call to the pyramid.config.Configurator.add_view() method:

import views
from resources import MyResource
config.add_view(views.my_view, context=MyResource, name='my_view',
                permission='read', route_name='site1')

pyramid.view.view_config supports the following keyword arguments: context, exception, permission, name, request_type, route_name, request_method, request_param, containment, xhr, accept, header, path_info, custom_predicates, decorator, mapper, http_cache, require_csrf, match_param, physical_path, and view_options.

The meanings of these arguments are the same as the arguments passed to pyramid.config.Configurator.add_view(). If any argument is left out, its default will be the equivalent add_view default.

Two additional keyword arguments which will be passed to the venusian attach function are _depth and _category.

_depth is provided for people who wish to reuse this class from another decorator. The default value is 0 and should be specified relative to the view_config invocation. It will be passed in to the venusian attach function as the depth of the callstack when Venusian checks if the decorator is being used in a class or module context. It's not often used, but it can be useful in this circumstance.

_category sets the decorator category name. It can be useful in combination with the category argument of scan to control which views should be processed.

See the venusian.attach() function in Venusian for more information about the _depth and _category arguments.

See also

See also Adding View Configuration Using the @view_config Decorator for details about using pyramid.view.view_config.

Note

Because of a limitation with venusian.Scanner.scan, note that view_config will work only for the following conditions.

• In Python packages that have an __init__.py file in their directory.

  See also

  See also https://github.com/Pylons/venusian/issues/68

• On module top level members.

• On Python source (.py) files. Compiled Python files (.pyc, .pyo) without a corresponding source file are ignored.

See also

See also the Venusian documentation.

view_defaults(**settings)

A class decorator which, when applied to a class, will provide defaults for all view configurations that use the class. This decorator accepts all the arguments accepted by pyramid.view.view_config(), and each has the same meaning.

See @view_defaults Class Decorator for more information.

class notfound_view_config(**settings)

New in version 1.3.

An analogue of pyramid.view.view_config which registers a Not Found View using pyramid.config.Configurator.add_notfound_view().

The notfound_view_config constructor accepts most of the same arguments as the constructor of pyramid.view.view_config. It can be used in the same places, and behaves in largely the same way, except it always registers a not found exception view instead of a 'normal' view.

Example:

from pyramid.view import notfound_view_config
from pyramid.response import Response

@notfound_view_config()
def notfound(request):
    return Response('Not found!', status='404 Not Found')

All arguments except append_slash have the same meaning as pyramid.view.view_config() and each predicate argument restricts the set of circumstances under which this notfound view will be invoked.

If append_slash is True, when the Not Found View is invoked, and the current path info does not end in a slash, the notfound logic will attempt to find a route that matches the request's path info suffixed with a slash. If such a route exists, Pyramid will issue a redirect to the URL implied by the route; if it does not, Pyramid will return the result of the view callable provided as view, as normal.

If the argument provided as append_slash is not a boolean but instead implements IResponse, the append_slash logic will behave as if append_slash=True was passed, but the provided class will be used as the response class instead of the default HTTPTemporaryRedirect response class when a redirect is performed. For example:

from pyramid.httpexceptions import (
    HTTPMovedPermanently,
    HTTPNotFound
    )

@notfound_view_config(append_slash=HTTPMovedPermanently)
def aview(request):
    return HTTPNotFound('not found')

The above means that a redirect to a slash-appended route will be attempted, but instead of HTTPTemporaryRedirect being used, HTTPMovedPermanently will be used for the redirect response if a slash-appended route is found.

See Changing the Not Found View for detailed usage information.

Changed in version 1.9.1: Added the _depth and _category arguments.

class forbidden_view_config(**settings)

New in version 1.3.

An analogue of pyramid.view.view_config which registers a forbidden view using pyramid.config.Configurator.add_forbidden_view().

The forbidden_view_config constructor accepts most of the same arguments as the constructor of pyramid.view.view_config. It can be used in the same places, and behaves in largely the same way, except it always registers a forbidden exception view instead of a 'normal' view.

Example:

from pyramid.view import forbidden_view_config
from pyramid.response import Response

@forbidden_view_config()
def forbidden(request):
    return Response('You are not allowed', status='403 Forbidden')

All arguments passed to this function have the same meaning as pyramid.view.view_config() and each predicate argument restricts the set of circumstances under which this notfound view will be invoked.

See Changing the Forbidden View for detailed usage information.

Changed in version 1.9.1: Added the _depth and _category arguments.

class exception_view_config(*args, **settings)

New in version 1.8.

An analogue of pyramid.view.view_config which registers an exception view using pyramid.config.Configurator.add_exception_view().

The exception_view_config constructor requires an exception context, and additionally accepts most of the same arguments as the constructor of pyramid.view.view_config. It can be used in the same places, and behaves in largely the same way, except it always registers an exception view instead of a "normal" view that dispatches on the request context.

Example:

from pyramid.view import exception_view_config
from pyramid.response import Response

@exception_view_config(ValueError, renderer='json')
def error_view(request):
    return {'error': str(request.exception)}

All arguments passed to this function have the same meaning as pyramid.view.view_config(), and each predicate argument restricts the set of circumstances under which this exception view will be invoked.

Changed in version 1.9.1: Added the _depth and _category arguments.