filelock#
This package contains a single module, which implements a platform independent file lock in Python, which provides a simple way of inter-process communication:
from filelock import Timeout, FileLock
lock = FileLock("high_ground.txt.lock")
with lock:
with open("high_ground.txt", "a") as f:
f.write("You were the chosen one.")
Don’t use a FileLock
to lock the file you want to write to, instead create a separate
.lock
file as shown above.
![Example gif](_images/example.gif)
Similar libraries#
Perhaps you are looking for something like:
the pid 3rd party library,
for Windows the msvcrt module in the standard library,
for UNIX the fcntl module in the standard library,
the flufl.lock 3rd party library.
Installation#
filelock
is available via PyPI, so you can pip install it:
python -m pip install filelock
Tutorial#
A FileLock
is used to indicate another process of your application that a resource or
working directory is currently used. To do so, create a FileLock
first:
from filelock import Timeout, FileLock
file_path = "high_ground.txt"
lock_path = "high_ground.txt.lock"
lock = FileLock(lock_path, timeout=1)
The lock object supports multiple ways for acquiring the lock, including the ones used to acquire standard Python thread locks:
with lock:
with open(file_path, "a") as f:
f.write("Hello there!")
lock.acquire()
try:
with open(file_path, "a") as f:
f.write("General Kenobi!")
finally:
lock.release()
@lock
def decorated():
print("You're a decorated Jedi!")
decorated()
The acquire
method accepts also a timeout
parameter. If the lock cannot be
acquired within timeout
seconds, a Timeout
exception is raised:
try:
with lock.acquire(timeout=10):
with open(file_path, "a") as f:
f.write("I have a bad feeling about this.")
except Timeout:
print("Another instance of this application currently holds the lock.")
The lock objects are recursive locks, which means that once acquired, they will not block on successive lock requests:
def cite1():
with lock:
with open(file_path, "a") as f:
f.write("I hate it when he does that.")
def cite2():
with lock:
with open(file_path, "a") as f:
f.write("You don't want to sell me death sticks.")
# The lock is acquired here.
with lock:
cite1()
cite2()
# And released here.
Logging#
All log messages by this library are made using the DEBUG_ level
, under the filelock
name. On how to control
displaying/hiding that please consult the
logging documentation of the standard library. E.g. to hide these
messages you can use:
logging.getLogger("filelock").setLevel(logging.INFO)
FileLock vs SoftFileLock#
The FileLock
is platform dependent while the SoftFileLock
is not. Use the FileLock
if all instances of your application are running on the same
platform and a SoftFileLock
otherwise.
The SoftFileLock
only watches the existence of the lock file. This makes it ultra
portable, but also more prone to dead locks if the application crashes. You can simply delete the lock file in such
cases.
Asyncio support#
This library currently does not support asyncio. We’d recommend adding an asyncio variant though if someone can make a pull request for it, see here.
FileLocks and threads#
By default the FileLock
internally uses threading.local
to ensure that the lock is thread-local. If you have a use case where you’d like an instance of FileLock
to be shared
across threads, you can set the thread_local
parameter to False
when creating a lock. For example:
lock = FileLock("test.lock", thread_local=False)
# lock will be re-entrant across threads
# The same behavior would also work with other instances of BaseFileLock like SoftFileLock:
soft_lock = SoftFileLock("soft_test.lock", thread_local=False)
# soft_lock will be re-entrant across threads.
Behavior where FileLock
is thread-local started in version 3.11.0. Previous versions,
were not thread-local by default.
Note: If disabling thread-local, be sure to remember that locks are re-entrant: You will be able to
acquire
the same lock multiple times across multiple threads.
Contributions and issues#
Contributions are always welcome, please make sure they pass all tests before creating a pull request. This module is hosted on GitHub. If you have any questions or suggestions, don’t hesitate to open a new issue 😊. There’s no bad question, just a missed opportunity to learn more.