tox configuration specification¶

Configuration discovery¶

At the moment tox supports three configuration locations prioritized in the following order:

pyproject.toml,
tox.ini,
setup.cfg.

As far as the configuration format at the moment we only support standard ConfigParser “ini-style” format (there is a plan to add a pure TOML one soon). tox.ini and setup.cfg are such files. Note that setup.cfg requires the content to be under the tox:tox and testenv sections and is otherwise ignored. pyproject.toml on the other hand is in TOML format. However, one can inline the ini-style format under the tool.tox.legacy_tox_ini key as a multi-line string.

Below you find the specification for the ini-style format, but you might want to skim some tox configuration and usage examples first and use this page as a reference.

tox global settings¶

Global settings are defined under the tox section as:

[tox]
minversion = 3.4.0

minversion¶

Define the minimal tox version required to run; if the host’s tox version is less than this the tool will create an environment and provision it with a version of tox that satisfies this under provision_tox_env.

Changed in version 3.23.0.

When tox is invoked with the --no-provision flag, the provision won’t be attempted, tox will fail instead.

requires(LIST of PEP-508)¶

New in version 3.2.0.

Specify python packages that need to exist alongside the tox installation for the tox build to be able to start (must be PEP-508 compliant). Use this to specify plugin requirements (or the version of virtualenv - determines the default pip, setuptools, and wheel versions the tox environments start with). If these dependencies are not specified tox will create provision_tox_env environment so that they are satisfied and delegate all calls to that.

[tox]
requires = tox-pipenv
           setuptools >= 30.0.0

Changed in version 3.23.0.

When tox is invoked with the --no-provision flag, the provision won’t be attempted, tox will fail instead.

provision_tox_env=.tox(string)¶

New in version 3.8.0.

Name of the virtual environment used to provision a tox having all dependencies specified inside requires and minversion.

Changed in version 3.23.0.

When tox is invoked with the --no-provision flag, the provision won’t be attempted, tox will fail instead.

Changed in version 3.27.0.

When provisioning, tox will take a lock to ensure exclusive access to the provision_tox_env and avoid clobbering by other tox instances.

Warning

The new virtual environment will only contain dependencies specified by the requires keyword. Any plugin used by the tox executable and not specified in requires explicitely won’t be used for subsequent tasks.

toxworkdir={toxinidir}/.tox(PATH)¶: Directory for tox to generate its environments into, will be created if it does not exist.

temp_dir={toxworkdir}/.tmp(PATH)¶: New in version 3.5.0.

Directory where to put tox temporary files. For example: we create a hard link (if possible, otherwise new copy) in this directory for the project package. This ensures tox works correctly when having parallel runs (as each session will have its own copy of the project package - e.g. the source distribution).

skipsdist=false(true|false)¶: Flag indicating to perform the packaging operation or not. Set it to true when using tox for an application, instead of a library.

setupdir={toxinidir}(PATH)¶: Indicates where the packaging root file exists (historically the setup.py for setuptools). This will be the working directory when performing the packaging.

distdir={toxworkdir}/dist(PATH)¶: Directory where the packaged source distribution should be put. Note this is cleaned at the start of every packaging invocation.

sdistsrc={toxworkdir}/dist(PATH)¶: Do not build the package, but instead use the latest package available under this path. You can override it via the command line flag --installpkg.

distshare={homedir}/.tox/distshare(PATH)¶: Folder where the packaged source distribution will be moved, this is not cleaned between packaging invocations. On Jenkins (exists JENKINS_URL or HUDSON_URL environment variable) the default path is {toxworkdir}/distshare.

envlist(comma separated values)¶

Determining the environment list that tox is to operate on happens in this order (if any is found, no further lookups are made):

command line option -eENVLIST
environment variable TOXENV
tox.ini file’s envlist

New in version 3.4.0: Which tox environments are run during the tox invocation can be further filtered via the operating system environment variable TOX_SKIP_ENV regular expression (e.g. py27.* means don’t evaluate environments that start with the key py27). Skipped environments will be logged at level two verbosity level.

skip_missing_interpreters=config(config|true|false)¶: New in version 1.7.2.

Setting this to true will force tox to return success even if some of the specified environments were missing. This is useful for some CI systems or when running on a developer box, where you might only have a subset of all your supported interpreters installed but don’t want to mark the build as failed because of it. As expected, the command line switch always overrides this setting if passed on the invocation. Setting it to config means that the value is read from the config file.

ignore_basepython_conflict=false(true|false)¶

New in version 3.1.0.

tox allows setting the python version for an environment via the basepython setting. If that’s not set tox can set a default value from the environment name ( e.g. py37 implies Python 3.7). Matching up the python version with the environment name has became expected at this point, leading to surprises when some configs don’t do so. To help with sanity of users a warning will be emitted whenever the environment name version does not matches up with this expectation. In a future version of tox, this warning will become an error.

Furthermore, we allow hard enforcing this rule (and bypassing the warning) by setting this flag to true. In such cases we ignore the basepython and instead always use the base python implied from the Python name. This allows you to configure basepython in the global testenv without affecting environments that have implied base python versions.

isolated_build=false(true|false)¶: New in version 3.3.0.

Activate isolated build environment. tox will use a virtual environment to build a source distribution from the source tree. For build tools and arguments use the pyproject.toml file as specified in PEP-517 and PEP-518. To specify the virtual environment Python version define use the isolated_build_env config section.

isolated_build_env=.package(string)¶: New in version 3.3.0.

Name of the virtual environment used to create a source distribution from the source tree.

Jenkins override¶

It is possible to override global settings inside a Jenkins instance (detection is done by checking for existence of the JENKINS_URL environment variable) by using the tox:jenkins section:

[tox:jenkins]
commands = ...  # override settings for the jenkins context

tox environments¶

Test environments are defined under the testenv section and individual testenv:NAME sections, where NAME is the name of a specific environment.

[testenv]
commands = ...

[testenv:NAME]
commands = ...

Settings defined in the top-level testenv section are automatically inherited by individual environments unless overridden. Test environment names can consist of alphanumeric characters and dashes; for example: py38-django30. The name will be split on dashes into multiple factors, meaning py38-django30 will be split into two factors: py38 and django30. tox defines a number of default factors, which correspond to various versions and implementations of Python and provide default values for basepython:

pyNM: configures basepython = pythonN.M
pyN: configures basepython = pythonN
py: configures basepython = python
pypyN: configures basepython = pypyN
pypy: configures basepython = pypy
jythonN: configures basepython = jythonN
jython: configures basepython = jython

It is also possible to define what’s know as generative names, where an individual section maps to multiple environments. For example, py{37,38}-django{30,31} would generate four environments, each consisting of two factors: py37-django30 (py37, django30), py37-django31 (py37, django31), py38-django30 (py38, django30), and py38-django31 (py38, django31). Combined, these features provide the ability to write very concise tox.ini files. This is discussed further in below.

tox environment settings¶

Complete list of settings that you can put into testenv* sections:

basepython(NAME-OR-PATH)¶: Name or path to a Python interpreter which will be used for creating the virtual environment, this determines in practice the python for what we’ll create a virtual isolated environment. Use this to specify the python version for a tox environment. If not specified, the virtual environments factors (e.g. name part) will be used to automatically set one. For example, py37 means python3.7, py3 means python3 and py means python. provision_tox_env environment does not inherit this setting from the toxenv section.

Changed in version 3.1: After resolving this value if the interpreter reports back a different version number than implied from the name a warning will be printed by default. However, if ignore_basepython_conflict is set, the value is ignored and we force the basepython implied from the factor name.

commands(ARGVLIST)¶

The commands to be called for testing. Only execute if commands_pre succeed.

Each line is interpreted as one command; however a command can be split over multiple lines by ending the line with the \ character.

Commands will execute one by one in sequential fashion until one of them fails (their exit code is non-zero) or all of them succeed. The exit code of a command may be ignored (meaning they are always considered successful even if they don’t exist) by prefixing the command with a dash (-) - this is similar to how make recipe lines work. The outcome of the environment is considered successful only if all commands (these + setup + teardown) succeeded (exit code ignored via the - or success exit code value of zero).

Note:: the virtual environment binary path (the bin folder within) is prepended to the os PATH, meaning commands will first try to resolve to an executable from within the virtual environment, and only after that outside of it. Therefore python translates as the virtual environments python (having the same runtime version as the basepython), and pip translates as the virtual environments pip.
Note:: Inline scripts can be used, however note these are discovered from the project root directory, and is not influenced by changedir (this only affects the runtime current working directory). To make this behaviour explicit we recommend that you make inline scripts absolute paths by prepending {toxinidir}, instead of path/to/my_script prefer {toxinidir}{/}path{/}to{/}my_script. If your inline script is platform dependent refer to Platform specification on how to select different script per platform.

commands_pre(ARGVLIST)¶: New in version 3.4.

Commands to run before running the commands. All evaluation and configuration logic applies from commands.

commands_post(ARGVLIST)¶: New in version 3.4.

Commands to run after running the commands. Execute regardless of the outcome of both commands and commands_pre. All evaluation and configuration logic applies from commands.

install_command=python -m pip install {opts} {packages}(ARGV)¶: New in version 1.6.

Determines the command used for installing packages into the virtual environment; both the package under test and its dependencies (defined with deps). Must contain the substitution key {packages} which will be replaced by the package(s) to install. You should also accept {opts} if you are using pip – it will contain index server options such as --pre (configured as pip_pre) and potentially index-options from the deprecated indexserver option.

Note

You can also provide a single arbitrary command to the install_command. Please take care that this command can be executed on the supported operating systems. When executing shell scripts we recommend to not specify the script directly but instead pass it to the appropriate shell as argument (e.g. prefer bash script.sh over script.sh).

list_dependencies_command=python -m pip freeze(ARGV)¶: New in version 2.4.

The list_dependencies_command setting is used for listing the packages installed into the virtual environment.

ignore_errors=false(true|false)¶

New in version 2.0.

If false, a non-zero exit code from one command will abort execution of commands for that environment. If true, a non-zero exit code from one command will be ignored and further commands will be executed. The overall status will be “commands failed”, i.e. tox will exit non-zero in case any command failed.

It may be helpful to note that this setting is analogous to the -k or --keep-going option of GNU Make.

Note that in tox 2.0, the default behavior of tox with respect to treating errors from commands changed. tox < 2.0 would ignore errors by default. tox >= 2.0 will abort on an error by default, which is safer and more typical of CI and command execution tools, as it doesn’t make sense to run tests if installing some prerequisite failed and it doesn’t make sense to try to deploy if tests failed.

pip_pre=false(true|false)¶

New in version 1.9.

If true, adds --pre to the opts passed to install_command. If install_command uses pip, this will cause it to install the latest available pre-release of any dependencies without a specified version. If false, pip will only install final releases of unpinned dependencies.

Passing the --pre command-line option to tox will force this to true for all testenvs.

Don’t set this option if your install_command does not use pip.

allowlist_externals(MULTI-LINE-LIST)¶: New in version 3.18.

Each line specifies a command name (in glob-style pattern format) which can be used in the commands section without triggering a “not installed in virtualenv” warning. Example: if you use the unix make for running tests you can list allowlist_externals=make or allowlist_externals=/usr/bin/make if you want more precision. If you don’t want tox to issue a warning in any case, just use allowlist_externals=* which will match all commands (not recommended).

Note

whitelist_externals has the same meaning and usage as allowlist_externals but it is now deprecated.

changedir={toxinidir}(PATH)¶: Change the current working directory when executing the test command.

Note

If the directory does not exist yet, it will be created.

deps(MULTI-LINE-LIST)¶

Environment dependencies - installed into the environment (see install_command) prior to project after environment creation. One dependency (a file, a URL or a package name) per line. Must be PEP-508 compliant. All installer commands are executed using the toxinidir as the current working directory.

[testenv]
deps =
    pytest
    pytest-cov >= 3.5
    pywin32 >=1.0 ; sys_platform == 'win32'
    octomachinery==0.0.13  # pyup: < 0.1.0 # disable feature updates

Changed in version 2.3.

Support for index servers is now deprecated, and its usage discouraged.

Changed in version 3.9.

Comment support on the same line as the dependency. When feeding the content to the install tool we’ll strip off content (including) from the first comment marker (#) preceded by one or more space. For example, if a dependency is octomachinery==0.0.13 # pyup: < 0.1.0 # disable feature updates it will be turned into just octomachinery==0.0.13.

platform(REGEX)¶: New in version 2.0.

A testenv can define a new platform setting as a regular expression. If a non-empty expression is defined and does not match against the sys.platform string the entire test environment will be skipped and none of the commands will be executed. Running tox -e <platform_name> will run commands for a particular platform and skip the rest.

setenv(MULTI-LINE-LIST)¶

New in version 0.9.

Each line contains a NAME=VALUE environment variable setting which will be used for all test command invocations as well as for installing the sdist package into a virtual environment.

Notice that when updating a path variable, you can consider the use of variable substitution for the current value and to handle path separator.

[testenv]
setenv   =
    PYTHONPATH = {env:PYTHONPATH}{:}{toxinidir}

New in version 3.20.

Support for comments. Lines starting with # are ignored.

Support for environment files. Lines starting with the file| contain path to a environment file to load. Rules within the environment file are the same as within the setenv (same replacement and comment support).

passenv(SPACE-SEPARATED-GLOBNAMES)¶

New in version 2.0.

A list of wildcard environment variable names which shall be copied from the tox invocation environment to the test environment when executing test commands. If a specified environment variable doesn’t exist in the tox invocation environment it is ignored. You can use * and ? to match multiple environment variables with one name. The list of environment variable names is not case sensitive, and all variables that match when upper cased will be passed. For example, passing A will pass both A and a.

Some variables are always passed through to ensure the basic functionality of standard library functions or tooling like pip. This is also not case sensitive on all platforms except Windows:

passed through on all platforms: CURL_CA_BUNDLE, PATH, LANG, LANGUAGE, LD_LIBRARY_PATH, PIP_INDEX_URL, PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL, REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE, SSL_CERT_FILE, HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, NO_PROXY
Windows: APPDATA, SYSTEMDRIVE, SYSTEMROOT, PATHEXT, TEMP, TMP
NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS, USERPROFILE, MSYSTEM, PROGRAMFILES, PROGRAMFILES(X86), PROGRAMDATA
Others (e.g. UNIX, macOS): TMPDIR

You can override these variables with the setenv option.

If defined the TOX_TESTENV_PASSENV environment variable (in the tox invocation environment) can define additional space-separated variable names that are to be passed down to the test command environment.

Changed in version 2.7: PYTHONPATH will be passed down if explicitly defined. If PYTHONPATH exists in the host environment but is not declared in passenv a warning will be emitted.

recreate=false(true|false)¶: Always recreate virtual environment if this option is true. If this option is false, tox’s resolution mechanism will be used to determine whether to recreate the environment.

downloadcache(PATH)¶: IGNORED – Since pip-8 has caching by default this option is now ignored. Please remove it from your configs as a future tox version might bark on it.

sitepackages=false(true|false)¶

Set to true if you want to create virtual environments that also have access to globally installed packages.

Warning

In cases where a command line tool is also installed globally you have to make sure that you use the tool installed in the virtualenv by using python -m <command line tool> (if supported by the tool) or {envbindir}/<command line tool>.

If you forget to do that you will get a warning like this:

WARNING: test command found but not installed in testenv
    cmd: /path/to/parent/interpreter/bin/<some command>
    env: /foo/bar/.tox/python
Maybe you forgot to specify a dependency? See also the allowlist_externals envconfig setting.

alwayscopy=false(true|false)¶

Set to true if you want virtualenv to always copy files rather than symlinking.

This is useful for situations where hardlinks don’t work (e.g. running in VMS with Windows guests).

download=false(true|false)¶: New in version 3.10.

Set to true if you want virtualenv to upgrade pip/wheel/setuptools to the latest version. If (and only if) you want to choose a specific version (not necessarily the latest) then you can add e.g. VIRTUALENV_PIP=20.3.3 to your setenv.

args_are_paths=true(true|false)¶: Treat positional arguments passed to tox as file system paths and - if they exist on the filesystem - rewrite them according to the changedir. Default is true due to the exists-on-filesystem check it’s usually safe to try rewriting.

envtmpdir={envdir}/tmp(PATH)¶: Defines a temporary directory for the virtualenv which will be cleared each time before the group of test commands is invoked.

envlogdir={envdir}/log(PATH)¶: Defines a directory for logging where tox will put logs of tool invocation.

indexserver(URL)¶

New in version 0.9.

(DEPRECATED, will be removed in a future version) Use setenv to configure PIP_INDEX_URL environment variable, see below.

Multi-line name = URL definitions of python package servers. You can specify an alternative index server for dependencies by applying the :indexservername:depname pattern. The default indexserver definition determines where unscoped dependencies and the sdist install installs from. Example:

[tox]
indexserver =
    default = https://mypypi.org

will make tox install all dependencies from this PyPI index server (including when installing the project sdist package).

The recommended way to set a custom index server URL is to use setenv:

[testenv]
setenv =
    PIP_INDEX_URL = {env:PIP_INDEX_URL:https://pypi.org/simple/}

This will ensure the desired index server gets used for virtual environment creation and allow overriding the index server URL with an environment variable.

envdir={toxworkdir}/{envname}(PATH)¶: New in version 1.5.

User can set specific path for environment. If path would not be absolute it would be treated as relative to {toxinidir}.

usedevelop=false(true|false)¶: New in version 1.6.

Install the current package in development mode with “setup.py develop” instead of installing from the sdist package. (This uses pip’s -e option, so should be avoided if you’ve specified a custom install_command that does not support -e). Note that changes to the build/install process (including changes in dependencies) are only detected when using setuptools with setup.py.

skip_install=false(true|false)¶: New in version 1.9.

Do not install the current package. This can be used when you need the virtualenv management but do not want to install the current package into that environment.

ignore_outcome=false(true|false)¶: New in version 2.2.

If set to true a failing result of this testenv will not make tox fail, only a warning will be produced.

extras(MULTI-LINE-LIST)¶: New in version 2.4.

A list of “extras” to be installed with the sdist or develop install. For example, extras = testing is equivalent to [testing] in a pip install command. These are not installed if skip_install is true.

description=no description(SINGLE-LINE-TEXT)¶: A short description of the environment, this will be used to explain the environment to the user upon listing environments for the command line with any level of verbosity higher than zero.

parallel_show_output=false(bool)¶: New in version 3.7.0.

If set to True the content of the output will always be shown when running in parallel mode.

depends(comma separated values)¶: New in version 3.7.0.

tox environments this depends on. tox will try to run all dependent environments before running this environment. Format is same as envlist (allows factor usage).

Warning

depends does not pull in dependencies into the run target, for example if you select py27,py36,coverage via the -e tox will only run those three (even if coverage may specify as depends other targets too - such as py27, py35, py36, py37).

suicide_timeout=0.0(float)¶: New in version 3.15.2.

When an interrupt is sent via Ctrl+C or the tox process is killed with a SIGTERM, a SIGINT is sent to all foreground processes. The suicide_timeout gives the running process time to cleanup and exit before receiving (in some cases, a duplicate) SIGINT from tox.

interrupt_timeout=0.3(float)¶: New in version 3.15.0.

When tox is interrupted, it propagates the signal to the child process after suicide_timeout seconds. If the process still hasn’t exited after interrupt_timeout seconds, its sends a SIGTERM.

terminate_timeout=0.2(float)¶: New in version 3.15.0.

When tox is interrupted, after waiting interrupt_timeout seconds, it propagates the signal to the child process, waits interrupt_timeout seconds, sends it a SIGTERM, waits terminate_timeout seconds, and sends it a SIGKILL if it hasn’t exited.

Substitutions¶

Any key=value setting in an ini-file can make use of value substitution through the {...} string-substitution pattern.

You can escape curly braces with the \ character if you need them, for example:

commands = echo "\{posargs\}" = {posargs}

Note some substitutions (e.g. posargs, env) may have addition values attached to it, via the : character (e.g. posargs - default value, env - key). Such substitutions cannot have a space after the : character (e.g. {posargs: magic} while being at the start of a line inside the ini configuration (this would be parsed as factorial {posargs, having value magic).

Globally available substitutions¶

{toxinidir}: the directory where tox.ini is located

{toxworkdir}: the directory where virtual environments are created and sub directories for packaging reside.
{temp_dir}: the directory where tox temporary files live.

New in version 3.16.1.
{homedir}: the user-home directory path.
{distdir}: the directory where sdist-packages will be created in
{distshare}: (DEPRECATED) the directory where sdist-packages will be copied to so that they may be accessed by other processes or tox runs.
{:}: OS-specific path separator (: on *nix family, ; on Windows). May be used in setenv, when target variable is path variable (e.g. PATH or PYTHONPATH).
{/}: OS-specific directory separator (/ on *nix family, \\ on Windows). Useful for deriving filenames from preset paths, as arguments for commands that requires \\ on Windows. e.g. {distdir}{/}file.txt. It is not usually needed when using commands written in Python.

Environment variable substitutions¶

If you specify a substitution string like this:

{env:KEY}

then the value will be retrieved as os.environ['KEY'] and raise an Error if the environment variable does not exist.

Environment variable substitutions with default values¶

If you specify a substitution string like this:

{env:KEY:DEFAULTVALUE}

then the value will be retrieved as os.environ['KEY'] and replace with DEFAULTVALUE if the environment variable does not exist.

If you specify a substitution string like this:

{env:KEY:}

then the value will be retrieved as os.environ['KEY'] and replace with an empty string if the environment variable does not exist.

Substitutions can also be nested. In that case they are expanded starting from the innermost expression:

{env:KEY:{env:DEFAULT_OF_KEY}}

the above example is roughly equivalent to os.environ.get('KEY', os.environ['DEFAULT_OF_KEY'])

Interactive shell substitution¶

New in version 3.4.0.

It’s possible to inject a config value only when tox is running in interactive shell (standard input):

{tty:ON_VALUE:OFF_VALUE}

The first value is the value to inject when the interactive terminal is available, the second value is the value to use when it’s not. The later on is optional. A good use case for this is e.g. passing in the --pdb flag for pytest.

Substitutions for positional arguments in commands¶

New in version 1.0.

If you specify a substitution string like this:

{posargs:DEFAULTS}

then the value will be replaced with positional arguments as provided to the tox command:

tox arg1 arg2

In this instance, the positional argument portion will be replaced with arg1 arg2. If no positional arguments were specified, the value of DEFAULTS will be used instead. If DEFAULTS contains other substitution strings, such as {env:*}, they will be interpreted.,

Use a double -- if you also want to pass options to an underlying test command, for example:

tox -- --opt1 ARG1

will make the --opt1 ARG1 appear in all test commands where [] or {posargs} was specified. By default (see args_are_paths setting), tox rewrites each positional argument if it is a relative path and exists on the filesystem to become a path relative to the changedir setting.

Previous versions of tox supported the [.*] pattern to denote positional arguments with defaults. This format has been deprecated. Use {posargs:DEFAULTS} to specify those.

Substitution for values from other sections¶

New in version 1.4.

Values from other sections can be referred to via:

{[sectionname]valuename}

which you can use to avoid repetition of config values. You can put default values in one section and reference them in others to avoid repeating the same values:

[base]
deps =
    pytest
    mock
    pytest-xdist

[testenv:dulwich]
deps =
    dulwich
    {[base]deps}

[testenv:mercurial]
deps =
    mercurial
    {[base]deps}

Generating environments, conditional settings¶

New in version 1.8.

Suppose you want to test your package against python2.7, python3.6 and against several versions of a dependency, say Django 1.5 and Django 1.6. You can accomplish that by writing down 2*2 = 4 [testenv:*] sections and then listing all of them in envlist.

However, a better approach looks like this:

[tox]
envlist = {py27,py36}-django{15,16}

[testenv]
deps =
    pytest
    django15: Django>=1.5,<1.6
    django16: Django>=1.6,<1.7
    py36: unittest2
commands = pytest

This uses two new facilities of tox-1.8:

generative envlist declarations where each envname consists of environment parts or “factors”
“factor” specific settings

Let’s go through this step by step.

Generative envlist¶

envlist = {py36,py27}-django{15,16}

This is bash-style syntax and will create 2*2=4 environment names like this:

py27-django15
py27-django16
py36-django15
py36-django16

You can still list environments explicitly along with generated ones:

envlist = {py27,py36}-django{15,16}, docs, flake

Keep in mind that whitespace characters (except newline) within {} are stripped, so the following line defines the same environment names:

envlist = {py27,py36}-django{ 15, 16 }, docs, flake

Note

To help with understanding how the variants will produce section values, you can ask tox to show their expansion with a new option:

$ tox -l
py27-django15
py27-django16
py36-django15
py36-django16
docs
flake

Generative section names¶

New in version 3.15.

Using similar syntax, it is possible to generate sections:

[testenv:py{27,36}-flake]

This is equivalent to defining distinct sections:

$ tox -a
py27-flake
py36-flake

It is useful when you need an environment different from the default one, but still want to take advantage of factor-conditional settings.

Factors and factor-conditional settings¶

As discussed previously, parts of an environment name delimited by hyphens are called factors and can be used to set values conditionally. In list settings such as deps or commands you can freely intermix optional lines with unconditional ones:

[testenv]
deps =
    pytest
    django15: Django>=1.5,<1.6
    django16: Django>=1.6,<1.7
    py36: unittest2

Reading it line by line:

pytest will be included unconditionally,
Django>=1.5,<1.6 will be included for environments containing django15 factor,
Django>=1.6,<1.7 similarly depends on django16 factor,
unittest2 will be loaded for Python 3.6 environments.

tox provides a number of default factors corresponding to Python interpreter versions. The conditional setting above will lead to either python3.6 or python2.7 used as base python, e.g. python3.6 is selected if current environment contains py36 factor.

Note

Configuring basepython for environments using default factors will result in a warning. Configure ignore_basepython_conflict if you wish to explicitly ignore these conflicts, allowing you to define a global basepython for all environments except those with default factors.

Complex factor conditions¶

Sometimes you need to specify the same line for several factors or create a special case for a combination of factors. Here is how you do it:

[tox]
envlist = py{27,34,36}-django{15,16}-{sqlite,mysql}

[testenv]
deps =
    py34-mysql: PyMySQL     # use if both py34 and mysql are in the env name
    py27,py36: urllib3      # use if either py36 or py27 are in the env name
    py{27,36}-sqlite: mock  # mocking sqlite in python 2.x & 3.6
    !py34-sqlite: mock      # mocking sqlite, except in python 3.4
    sqlite-!py34: mock      # (same as the line above)
    !py34-!py36: enum34     # use if neither py34 nor py36 are in the env name

Take a look at the first deps line. It shows how you can special case something for a combination of factors, by just hyphenating the combining factors together. This particular line states that PyMySQL will be loaded for python 3.4, mysql environments, e.g. py34-django15-mysql and py34-django16-mysql.

The second line shows how you use the same setting for several factors - by listing them delimited by commas. It’s possible to list not only simple factors, but also their combinations like py27-sqlite,py36-sqlite.

The remaining lines all have the same effect and use conditions equivalent to py27-sqlite,py36-sqlite. They have all been added only to help demonstrate the following:

how factor expressions get expanded the same way as in envlist
how to use negated factor conditions by prefixing negated factors with !
that the order in which factors are hyphenated together does not matter

Note

Factors don’t do substring matching against env name, instead every hyphenated expression is split by - and if ALL of its non-negated factors and NONE of its negated ones are also factors of an env then that condition is considered to hold for that env.

For example, environment py36-mysql-!dev:

would be matched by expressions py36, py36-mysql or mysql-py36,
but not py2, py36-sql or py36-mysql-dev.

Factors and values substitution are compatible¶

It is possible to mix both values substitution and factor expressions. For example:

[tox]
envlist = py27,py36,coverage

[testenv]
deps =
    flake8
    coverage: coverage

[testenv:py27]
deps =
    {[testenv]deps}
    pytest

With the previous configuration, it will install:

flake8 and pytest packages for py27 environment.
flake8 package for py36 environment.
flake8 and coverage packages for coverage environment.

Advanced settings¶

Handle interpreter directives with long lengths¶

For systems supporting executable text files (scripts with a shebang), the system will attempt to parse the interpreter directive to determine the program to execute on the target text file. When tox prepares a virtual environment in a file container which has a large length (e.g. using Jenkins Pipelines), the system might not be able to invoke shebang scripts which define interpreters beyond system limits (e.g. Linux has a limit of 128; BINPRM_BUF_SIZE). To workaround an environment which suffers from an interpreter directive limit, a user can bypass the system’s interpreter parser by defining the TOX_LIMITED_SHEBANG environment variable before invoking tox:

export TOX_LIMITED_SHEBANG=1

When the workaround is enabled, all tox-invoked text file executables will have their interpreter directive parsed by and explicitly executed by tox.

Environment variables¶

tox will treat the following environment variables:

TOX_DISCOVER for python discovery first try the python executables under these paths
TOXENV see envlist.
TOX_LIMITED_SHEBANG see Handle interpreter directives with long lengths.
TOX_PARALLEL_NO_SPINNER see Parallel mode.
_TOX_PARALLEL_ENV lets tox know that it is invoked in the parallel mode.
TOX_PROVISION is only intended to be used internally.
TOX_REPORTER_TIMESTAMP enables showing for each output line its delta since the tox startup when set to 1.
TOX_SKIP_ENV see envlist.
TOX_TESTENV_PASSENV see passenv.

Injected environment variables¶

tox will inject the following environment variables that you can use to test that your command is running within tox:

New in version 3.4.

TOX_WORK_DIR env var is set to the tox work directory
TOX_ENV_NAME is set to the current running tox environment name
TOX_ENV_DIR is set to the current tox environments working dir.
TOX_PACKAGE the packaging phases outcome path (useful to inspect and make assertion of the built package itself).
TOX_PARALLEL_ENV is set to the current running tox environment name, only when running in parallel mode.

note:: this applies for all tox envs (isolated packaging too) and all external commands called (e.g. install command - pip).

Other Rules and notes¶

path specifications: if a specified path is a relative path it will be considered as relative to the toxinidir, the directory where the configuration file resides.

CLI¶

tox¶

tox options

usage: tox [--version] [-h] [--help-ini] [-v] [-q] [--showconfig] [-l] [-a] [-c CONFIGFILE] [-e envlist] [--devenv ENVDIR] [--notest] [--sdistonly] [--skip-pkg-install] [-p [VAL]] [-o]
           [--parallel--safe-build] [--installpkg PATH] [--develop] [-i URL] [--pre] [-r] [--result-json PATH] [--discover PATH [PATH ...]] [--hashseed SEED] [--force-dep REQ]
           [--sitepackages] [--alwayscopy] [--no-provision [REQUIRES_JSON]] [-s [val]] [--workdir PATH]
           [args [args ...]]

args¶: additional arguments available to command positional substitution

--version¶: report version information to stdout.

-h, --help¶: show help about options

--help-ini, --hi¶: show help about ini-names

-v, --verbose¶: increase verbosity of reporting output.-vv mode turns off output redirection for package installation, above level two verbosity flags are passed through to pip (with two less level)

-q, --quiet¶: progressively silence reporting output.

--showconfig¶: show live configuration (by default all env, with -l only default targets, specific via TOXENV/-e)

-l, --listenvs¶: show list of test environments (with description if verbose)

-a, --listenvs-all¶: show list of all defined environments (with description if verbose)

-c <configfile>¶: config file name or directory with ‘tox.ini’ file.

-e <envlist>¶: work against specified environments (ALL selects all).

--devenv <envdir>¶: sets up a development environment at ENVDIR based on the env’s tox configuration specified by -e (-e defaults to py).

--notest¶: skip invoking test commands.

--sdistonly¶: only perform the sdist packaging activity.

--skip-pkg-install¶: skip package installation for this run

-p <val>, --parallel <val>¶: run tox environments in parallel, the argument controls limit: all, auto or missing argument - cpu count, some positive number, 0 to turn off

-o, --parallel-live¶: connect to stdout while running environments

--parallel--safe-build¶: (deprecated) ensure two tox builds can run in parallel (uses a lock file in the tox workdir with .lock extension)

--installpkg <path>¶: use specified package for installation into venv, instead of creating an sdist.

--develop¶: install package in the venv using ‘setup.py develop’ via ‘pip -e .’

-i <url>, --index-url <url>¶: set indexserver url (if URL is of form name=url set the url for the ‘name’ indexserver, specifically)

--pre¶: install pre-releases and development versions of dependencies. This will pass the –pre option to install_command (pip by default).

-r, --recreate¶: force recreation of virtual environments

--result-json <path>¶: write a json file with detailed information about all commands and results involved.

--discover <path>¶: for python discovery first try the python executables under these paths

--hashseed <seed>¶: set PYTHONHASHSEED to SEED before running commands. Defaults to a random integer in the range [1, 4294967295] ([1, 1024] on Windows). Passing ‘noset’ suppresses this behavior.

--force-dep <req>¶: Forces a certain version of one of the dependencies when configuring the virtual environment. REQ Examples ‘pytest<2.7’ or ‘django>=1.6’.

--sitepackages¶: override sitepackages setting to True in all envs

--alwayscopy¶: override alwayscopy setting to True in all envs

--no-provision <requires_json>¶: do not perform provision, but fail and if a path was provided write provision metadata as JSON to it

-s, --skip-missing-interpreters¶: don’t fail tests for missing interpreters: {config,true,false} choice

--workdir <path>¶: tox working directory

tox configuration specification¶

Configuration discovery¶

tox global settings¶

Jenkins override¶

tox environments¶

tox environment settings¶

Substitutions¶

Globally available substitutions¶

Environment variable substitutions¶

Environment variable substitutions with default values¶

Interactive shell substitution¶

Substitutions for positional arguments in commands¶

Substitution for values from other sections¶

Generating environments, conditional settings¶

Generative envlist¶

Generative section names¶

Factors and factor-conditional settings¶

Complex factor conditions¶

Factors and values substitution are compatible¶

Advanced settings¶

Handle interpreter directives with long lengths¶

Environment variables¶

Injected environment variables¶

Other Rules and notes¶

CLI¶

tox¶

quicklinks

Table of Contents

Related Topics

home	examples
install	changelog
config	issues[gh]
support	plugins/hooks

tox configuration specification¶

Configuration discovery¶

tox global settings¶

Jenkins override¶

tox environments¶

tox environment settings¶

Substitutions¶

Globally available substitutions¶

Substitutions for virtualenv-related sections¶

Environment variable substitutions¶

Environment variable substitutions with default values¶

Interactive shell substitution¶

Substitutions for positional arguments in commands¶

Substitution for values from other sections¶

Generating environments, conditional settings¶

Generative envlist¶

Generative section names¶

Factors and factor-conditional settings¶

Complex factor conditions¶

Factors and values substitution are compatible¶

Advanced settings¶

Handle interpreter directives with long lengths¶

Environment variables¶

Injected environment variables¶

Other Rules and notes¶

CLI¶

tox¶