# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
# lint: pylint
"""
DuckDuckGo Lite
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"""
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
import re
from urllib.parse import urlencode
import json
import babel
import lxml.html
from searx import (
locales,
redislib,
external_bang,
)
from searx.utils import (
eval_xpath,
eval_xpath_getindex,
extract_text,
)
from searx.network import get # see https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/762
from searx import redisdb
from searx.enginelib.traits import EngineTraits
if TYPE_CHECKING:
import logging
logger: logging.Logger
traits: EngineTraits
about = {
"website": 'https://lite.duckduckgo.com/lite/',
"wikidata_id": 'Q12805',
"use_official_api": False,
"require_api_key": False,
"results": 'HTML',
}
send_accept_language_header = True
"""DuckDuckGo-Lite tries to guess user's prefered language from the HTTP
``Accept-Language``. Optional the user can select a region filter (but not a
language).
"""
# engine dependent config
categories = ['general', 'web']
paging = True
time_range_support = True
safesearch = True # user can't select but the results are filtered
url = 'https://lite.duckduckgo.com/lite/'
# url_ping = 'https://duckduckgo.com/t/sl_l'
time_range_dict = {'day': 'd', 'week': 'w', 'month': 'm', 'year': 'y'}
form_data = {'v': 'l', 'api': 'd.js', 'o': 'json'}
[docs]
def cache_vqd(query, value):
"""Caches a ``vqd`` value from a query."""
c = redisdb.client()
if c:
logger.debug("cache vqd value: %s", value)
key = 'SearXNG_ddg_vqd' + redislib.secret_hash(query)
c.set(key, value, ex=600)
[docs]
def get_vqd(query):
"""Returns the ``vqd`` that fits to the *query*. If there is no ``vqd`` cached
(:py:obj:`cache_vqd`) the query is sent to DDG to get a vqd value from the
response.
.. hint::
If an empty string is returned there are no results for the ``query`` and
therefore no ``vqd`` value.
DDG's bot detection is sensitive to the ``vqd`` value. For some search terms
(such as extremely long search terms that are often sent by bots), no ``vqd``
value can be determined.
If SearXNG cannot determine a ``vqd`` value, then no request should go out
to DDG:
A request with a wrong ``vqd`` value leads to DDG temporarily putting
SearXNG's IP on a block list.
Requests from IPs in this block list run into timeouts.
Not sure, but it seems the block list is a sliding window: to get my IP rid
from the bot list I had to cool down my IP for 1h (send no requests from
that IP to DDG).
TL;DR; the ``vqd`` value is needed to pass DDG's bot protection and is used
by all request to DDG:
- DuckDuckGo Lite: ``https://lite.duckduckgo.com/lite`` (POST form data)
- DuckDuckGo Web: ``https://links.duckduckgo.com/d.js?q=...&vqd=...``
- DuckDuckGo Images: ``https://duckduckgo.com/i.js??q=...&vqd=...``
- DuckDuckGo Videos: ``https://duckduckgo.com/v.js??q=...&vqd=...``
- DuckDuckGo News: ``https://duckduckgo.com/news.js??q=...&vqd=...``
"""
value = ''
c = redisdb.client()
if c:
key = 'SearXNG_ddg_vqd' + redislib.secret_hash(query)
value = c.get(key)
if value or value == b'':
value = value.decode('utf-8')
logger.debug("re-use cached vqd value: %s", value)
return value
query_url = 'https://lite.duckduckgo.com/lite/?{args}'.format(args=urlencode({'q': query}))
res = get(query_url)
doc = lxml.html.fromstring(res.text)
value = doc.xpath("//input[@name='vqd']/@value")
if value:
value = value[0]
else:
# Some search terms do not have results and therefore no vqd value. If
# no vqd value can be determined for the search term, an empty string is
# chached.
value = ''
logger.debug("new vqd value: '%s'", value)
cache_vqd(query, value)
return value
[docs]
def get_ddg_lang(eng_traits: EngineTraits, sxng_locale, default='en_US'):
"""Get DuckDuckGo's language identifier from SearXNG's locale.
DuckDuckGo defines its languages by region codes (see
:py:obj:`fetch_traits`).
To get region and language of a DDG service use:
.. code: python
eng_region = traits.get_region(params['searxng_locale'], traits.all_locale)
eng_lang = get_ddg_lang(traits, params['searxng_locale'])
It might confuse, but the ``l`` value of the cookie is what SearXNG calls
the *region*:
.. code:: python
# !ddi paris :es-AR --> {'ad': 'es_AR', 'ah': 'ar-es', 'l': 'ar-es'}
params['cookies']['ad'] = eng_lang
params['cookies']['ah'] = eng_region
params['cookies']['l'] = eng_region
.. hint::
`DDG-lite <https://lite.duckduckgo.com/lite>`__ does not offer a language
selection to the user, only a region can be selected by the user
(``eng_region`` from the example above). DDG-lite stores the selected
region in a cookie::
params['cookies']['kl'] = eng_region # 'ar-es'
"""
return eng_traits.custom['lang_region'].get( # type: ignore
sxng_locale, eng_traits.get_language(sxng_locale, default)
)
ddg_reg_map = {
'tw-tzh': 'zh_TW',
'hk-tzh': 'zh_HK',
'ct-ca': 'skip', # ct-ca and es-ca both map to ca_ES
'es-ca': 'ca_ES',
'id-en': 'id_ID',
'no-no': 'nb_NO',
'jp-jp': 'ja_JP',
'kr-kr': 'ko_KR',
'xa-ar': 'ar_SA',
'sl-sl': 'sl_SI',
'th-en': 'th_TH',
'vn-en': 'vi_VN',
}
ddg_lang_map = {
# use ar --> ar_EG (Egypt's arabic)
"ar_DZ": 'lang_region',
"ar_JO": 'lang_region',
"ar_SA": 'lang_region',
# use bn --> bn_BD
'bn_IN': 'lang_region',
# use de --> de_DE
'de_CH': 'lang_region',
# use en --> en_US,
'en_AU': 'lang_region',
'en_CA': 'lang_region',
'en_GB': 'lang_region',
# Esperanto
'eo_XX': 'eo',
# use es --> es_ES,
'es_AR': 'lang_region',
'es_CL': 'lang_region',
'es_CO': 'lang_region',
'es_CR': 'lang_region',
'es_EC': 'lang_region',
'es_MX': 'lang_region',
'es_PE': 'lang_region',
'es_UY': 'lang_region',
'es_VE': 'lang_region',
# use fr --> rf_FR
'fr_CA': 'lang_region',
'fr_CH': 'lang_region',
'fr_BE': 'lang_region',
# use nl --> nl_NL
'nl_BE': 'lang_region',
# use pt --> pt_PT
'pt_BR': 'lang_region',
# skip these languages
'od_IN': 'skip',
'io_XX': 'skip',
'tokipona_XX': 'skip',
}
def request(query, params):
# request needs a vqd argument
vqd = get_vqd(query)
if not vqd:
# some search terms do not have results and therefore no vqd value
params['url'] = None
return params
# quote ddg bangs
query_parts = []
# for val in re.split(r'(\s+)', query):
for val in re.split(r'(\s+)', query):
if not val.strip():
continue
if val.startswith('!') and external_bang.get_node(external_bang.EXTERNAL_BANGS, val[1:]):
val = f"'{val}'"
query_parts.append(val)
query = ' '.join(query_parts)
eng_region = traits.get_region(params['searxng_locale'], traits.all_locale)
# eng_lang = get_ddg_lang(traits, params['searxng_locale'])
params['url'] = url
params['method'] = 'POST'
params['data']['q'] = query
# The API is not documented, so we do some reverse engineering and emulate
# what https://lite.duckduckgo.com/lite/ does when you press "next Page"
# link again and again ..
params['headers']['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
params['data']['vqd'] = vqd
# initial page does not have an offset
if params['pageno'] == 2:
# second page does have an offset of 30
offset = (params['pageno'] - 1) * 30
params['data']['s'] = offset
params['data']['dc'] = offset + 1
elif params['pageno'] > 2:
# third and following pages do have an offset of 30 + n*50
offset = 30 + (params['pageno'] - 2) * 50
params['data']['s'] = offset
params['data']['dc'] = offset + 1
# initial page does not have additional data in the input form
if params['pageno'] > 1:
params['data']['o'] = form_data.get('o', 'json')
params['data']['api'] = form_data.get('api', 'd.js')
params['data']['nextParams'] = form_data.get('nextParams', '')
params['data']['v'] = form_data.get('v', 'l')
params['headers']['Referer'] = 'https://lite.duckduckgo.com/'
params['data']['kl'] = eng_region
params['cookies']['kl'] = eng_region
params['data']['df'] = ''
if params['time_range'] in time_range_dict:
params['data']['df'] = time_range_dict[params['time_range']]
params['cookies']['df'] = time_range_dict[params['time_range']]
logger.debug("param data: %s", params['data'])
logger.debug("param cookies: %s", params['cookies'])
return params
def response(resp):
if resp.status_code == 303:
return []
results = []
doc = lxml.html.fromstring(resp.text)
result_table = eval_xpath(doc, '//html/body/form/div[@class="filters"]/table')
if len(result_table) == 2:
# some locales (at least China) does not have a "next page" button and
# the layout of the HTML tables is different.
result_table = result_table[1]
elif not len(result_table) >= 3:
# no more results
return []
else:
result_table = result_table[2]
# update form data from response
form = eval_xpath(doc, '//html/body/form/div[@class="filters"]/table//input/..')
if len(form):
form = form[0]
form_data['v'] = eval_xpath(form, '//input[@name="v"]/@value')[0]
form_data['api'] = eval_xpath(form, '//input[@name="api"]/@value')[0]
form_data['o'] = eval_xpath(form, '//input[@name="o"]/@value')[0]
logger.debug('form_data: %s', form_data)
value = eval_xpath(form, '//input[@name="vqd"]/@value')[0]
query = resp.search_params['data']['q']
cache_vqd(query, value)
tr_rows = eval_xpath(result_table, './/tr')
# In the last <tr> is the form of the 'previous/next page' links
tr_rows = tr_rows[:-1]
len_tr_rows = len(tr_rows)
offset = 0
while len_tr_rows >= offset + 4:
# assemble table rows we need to scrap
tr_title = tr_rows[offset]
tr_content = tr_rows[offset + 1]
offset += 4
# ignore sponsored Adds <tr class="result-sponsored">
if tr_content.get('class') == 'result-sponsored':
continue
a_tag = eval_xpath_getindex(tr_title, './/td//a[@class="result-link"]', 0, None)
if a_tag is None:
continue
td_content = eval_xpath_getindex(tr_content, './/td[@class="result-snippet"]', 0, None)
if td_content is None:
continue
results.append(
{
'title': a_tag.text_content(),
'content': extract_text(td_content),
'url': a_tag.get('href'),
}
)
return results
[docs]
def fetch_traits(engine_traits: EngineTraits):
"""Fetch languages & regions from DuckDuckGo.
SearXNG's ``all`` locale maps DuckDuckGo's "Alle regions" (``wt-wt``).
DuckDuckGo's language "Browsers prefered language" (``wt_WT``) makes no
sense in a SearXNG request since SearXNG's ``all`` will not add a
``Accept-Language`` HTTP header. The value in ``engine_traits.all_locale``
is ``wt-wt`` (the region).
Beside regions DuckDuckGo also defines its languages by region codes. By
example these are the english languages in DuckDuckGo:
- en_US
- en_AU
- en_CA
- en_GB
The function :py:obj:`get_ddg_lang` evaluates DuckDuckGo's language from
SearXNG's locale.
"""
# pylint: disable=too-many-branches, too-many-statements
# fetch regions
engine_traits.all_locale = 'wt-wt'
# updated from u588 to u661 / should be updated automatically?
resp = get('https://duckduckgo.com/util/u661.js')
if not resp.ok: # type: ignore
print("ERROR: response from DuckDuckGo is not OK.")
pos = resp.text.find('regions:{') + 8 # type: ignore
js_code = resp.text[pos:] # type: ignore
pos = js_code.find('}') + 1
regions = json.loads(js_code[:pos])
for eng_tag, name in regions.items():
if eng_tag == 'wt-wt':
engine_traits.all_locale = 'wt-wt'
continue
region = ddg_reg_map.get(eng_tag)
if region == 'skip':
continue
if not region:
eng_territory, eng_lang = eng_tag.split('-')
region = eng_lang + '_' + eng_territory.upper()
try:
sxng_tag = locales.region_tag(babel.Locale.parse(region))
except babel.UnknownLocaleError:
print("ERROR: %s (%s) -> %s is unknown by babel" % (name, eng_tag, region))
continue
conflict = engine_traits.regions.get(sxng_tag)
if conflict:
if conflict != eng_tag:
print("CONFLICT: babel %s --> %s, %s" % (sxng_tag, conflict, eng_tag))
continue
engine_traits.regions[sxng_tag] = eng_tag
# fetch languages
engine_traits.custom['lang_region'] = {}
pos = resp.text.find('languages:{') + 10 # type: ignore
js_code = resp.text[pos:] # type: ignore
pos = js_code.find('}') + 1
js_code = '{"' + js_code[1:pos].replace(':', '":').replace(',', ',"')
languages = json.loads(js_code)
for eng_lang, name in languages.items():
if eng_lang == 'wt_WT':
continue
babel_tag = ddg_lang_map.get(eng_lang, eng_lang)
if babel_tag == 'skip':
continue
try:
if babel_tag == 'lang_region':
sxng_tag = locales.region_tag(babel.Locale.parse(eng_lang))
engine_traits.custom['lang_region'][sxng_tag] = eng_lang
continue
sxng_tag = locales.language_tag(babel.Locale.parse(babel_tag))
except babel.UnknownLocaleError:
print("ERROR: language %s (%s) is unknown by babel" % (name, eng_lang))
continue
conflict = engine_traits.languages.get(sxng_tag)
if conflict:
if conflict != eng_lang:
print("CONFLICT: babel %s --> %s, %s" % (sxng_tag, conflict, eng_lang))
continue
engine_traits.languages[sxng_tag] = eng_lang
