Engine Overview¶

SearXNG is a metasearch-engine, so it uses different search engines to provide better results.

Because there is no general search API which could be used for every search engine, an adapter has to be built between SearXNG and the external search engines. Adapters are stored under the folder git://searx/engines.

General Engine Configuration ¶

It is required to tell SearXNG the type of results the engine provides. The arguments can be set in the engine file or in the settings file (normally settings.yml). The arguments in the settings file override the ones in the engine file.

It does not matter if an option is stored in the engine file or in the settings. However, the standard way is the following:

Engine File ¶

Table 2 Common options in the engine module¶
argument	type	information
categories	list	categories, in which the engine is working
paging	boolean	support multiple pages
time_range_support	boolean	support search time range
engine_type	str	`online` [ref] by default, other possibles values are: `offline` [ref] `online_dictionary` [ref] `online_currency` [ref] `online_url_search` [ref]

Engine `settings.yml`¶

For a more detailed description, see engine: in the settings.yml.

Table 3 Common options in the engine setup (`settings.yml`)¶
argument	type	information
name	string	name of search-engine
engine	string	name of searxng-engine (file name without `.py`)
enable_http	bool	enable HTTP (by default only HTTPS is enabled).
shortcut	string	shortcut of search-engine
timeout	string	specific timeout for search-engine
display_error_messages	boolean	display error messages on the web UI
proxies	dict	set proxies for a specific engine (e.g. `proxies : {http: socks5://proxy:port, https: socks5://proxy:port}`)

Overrides ¶

A few of the options have default values in the namespace of the engine’s python module, but are often overwritten by the settings. If None is assigned to an option in the engine file, it has to be redefined in the settings, otherwise SearXNG will not start with that engine (global names with a leading underline can be None).

Here is an very simple example of the global names in the namespace of engine’s module:

# engine dependent config
categories = ['general']
paging = True
_non_overwritten_global = 'foo'

Table 4 The naming of overrides is arbitrary / recommended overrides are:¶
argument	type	information
base_url	string	base-url, can be overwritten to use same engine on other URL
number_of_results	int	maximum number of results per request
language	string	ISO code of language and country like en_US
api_key	string	api-key if required by engine

Making a Request ¶

To perform a search an URL have to be specified. In addition to specifying an URL, arguments can be passed to the query.

Passed Arguments (request)¶

These arguments can be used to construct the search query. Furthermore, parameters with default value can be redefined for special purposes.

Table 5 If the `engine_type` is `online`¶
argument	type	default-value, information
url	str	`''`
method	str	`'GET'`
headers	set	`{}`
data	set	`{}`
cookies	set	`{}`
verify	bool	`True`
headers.User-Agent	str	a random User-Agent
category	str	current category, like `'general'`
safesearch	int	`0`, between `0` and `2` (normal, moderate, strict)
time_range	Optional[str]	`None`, can be `day`, `week`, `month`, `year`
pageno	int	current pagenumber
searxng_locale	str	SearXNG’s locale selected by user. Specific language code like `'en'`, `'en-US'`, or `'all'` if unspecified.

Table 6 If the `engine_type` is `online_dictionary`, in addition to the online arguments:¶
argument	type	default-value, information
from_lang	str	specific language code like `'en_US'`
to_lang	str	specific language code like `'en_US'`
query	str	the text query without the languages

Table 7 If the `engine_type` is `online_currency`, in addition to the online arguments:¶
argument	type	default-value, information
amount	float	the amount to convert
from	str	ISO 4217 code
to	str	ISO 4217 code
from_name	str	currency name
to_name	str	currency name

Table 8 If the `engine_type` is `online_url_search`, in addition to the online arguments:¶
argument	type	default-value, information
search_url	dict	URLs from the search query: { 'http': str, 'ftp': str, 'data:image': str }

Specify Request ¶

The function def request(query, params): always returns the params variable, the following parameters can be used to specify a search request:

argument	type	information
url	str	requested url
method	str	HTTP request method
headers	set	HTTP header information
data	set	HTTP data information
cookies	set	HTTP cookies
verify	bool	Performing SSL-Validity check
allow_redirects	bool	Follow redirects
max_redirects	int	maximum redirects, hard limit
soft_max_redirects	int	maximum redirects, soft limit. Record an error but don’t stop the engine
raise_for_httperror	bool	True by default: raise an exception if the HTTP code of response is >= 300

Result Types (`template`)¶

Each result item of an engine can be of different media-types. Currently the following media-types are supported. To set another media-type as default, the parameter template must be set to the desired type.

`default`¶

Table 9 Parameter of the **default** media type:¶
result-parameter	information
url	string, url of the result
title	string, title of the result
content	string, general result-text
publishedDate	`datetime.datetime`, time of publish

`images`¶

Table 10 Parameter of the **images** media type:¶
result-parameter	information
template	is set to `images.html`
url	string, url to the result site
title	string, title of the result (partly implemented)
content	(partly implemented)
publishedDate	`datetime.datetime`, time of publish (partly implemented)
img_src	string, url to the result image
thumbnail_src	string, url to a small-preview image

`videos`¶

Table 11 Parameter of the **videos** media type:¶
result-parameter	information
template	is set to `videos.html`
url	string, url of the result
title	string, title of the result
content	(not implemented yet)
publishedDate	`datetime.datetime`, time of publish
thumbnail	string, url to a small-preview image

`torrent`¶

Table 12 Parameter of the **torrent** media type:¶
result-parameter	information
template	is set to `torrent.html`
url	string, url of the result
title	string, title of the result
content	string, general result-text
publishedDate	`datetime.datetime`, time of publish (not implemented yet)
seed	int, number of seeder
leech	int, number of leecher
filesize	int, size of file in bytes
files	int, number of files
magnetlink	string, magnetlink of the result
torrentfile	string, torrentfile of the result

`map`¶

Table 13 Parameter of the **map** media type:¶
result-parameter	information
template	is set to `map.html`
url	string, url of the result
title	string, title of the result
content	string, general result-text
publishedDate	`datetime.datetime`, time of publish
latitude	latitude of result (in decimal format)
longitude	longitude of result (in decimal format)
boundingbox	boundingbox of result (array of 4. values `[lat-min, lat-max, lon-min, lon-max]`)
geojson	geojson of result (https://geojson.org/)
osm.type	type of osm-object (if OSM-Result)
osm.id	id of osm-object (if OSM-Result)
address.name	name of object
address.road	street name of object
address.house_number	house number of object
address.locality	city, place of object
address.postcode	postcode of object
address.country	country of object

`paper`¶

Table 14 Parameter of the **paper** media type / see BibTeX field types and BibTeX format¶
result-parameter	Python type	information
template	`str`	is set to `paper.html`
title	`str`	title of the result
content	`str`	abstract
comments	`str`	free text display in italic below the content
tags	`List`[`str`]	free tag list
publishedDate	`datetime`	last publication date
type	`str`	short description of medium type, e.g. book, pdf or html …
authors	`List`[`str`]	list of authors of the work (authors with a “s”)
editor	`str`	list of editors of a book
publisher	`str`	name of the publisher
journal	`str`	name of the journal or magazine the article was published in
volume	`str`	volume number
pages	`str`	page range where the article is
number	`str`	number of the report or the issue number for a journal article
doi	`str`	DOI number (like `10.1038/d41586-018-07848-2`)
issn	`List`[`str`]	ISSN number like `1476-4687`
isbn	`List`[`str`]	ISBN number like `9780201896831`
pdf_url	`str`	URL to the full article, the PDF version
html_url	`str`	URL to full article, HTML version