Dialects¶
The dialect is the system SQLAlchemy uses to communicate with various types of DBAPI implementations and databases. The sections that follow contain reference documentation and notes specific to the usage of each backend, as well as notes for the various DBAPIs.
All dialects require that an appropriate DBAPI driver is installed.
Included Dialects¶
Support Levels for Included Dialects¶
The following table summarizes the support level for each included dialect.
Database |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
Microsoft SQL Server |
2017 |
2012+ |
2005+ |
MySQL / MariaDB |
5.6, 5.7, 8.0 / 10.8, 10.9 |
5.6+ / 10+ |
5.0.2+ / 5.0.2+ |
Oracle |
18c |
11+ |
8+ |
PostgreSQL |
12, 13, 14, 15 |
9.6+ |
8+ |
SQLite |
3.36.0 |
3.12+ |
3.7.16+ |
Support Definitions¶
- Fully tested in CI¶
Fully tested in CI indicates a version that is tested in the sqlalchemy CI system and passes all the tests in the test suite.
- Normal support¶
Normal support indicates that most features should work, but not all versions are tested in the ci configuration so there may be some not supported edge cases. We will try to fix issues that affect these versions.
- Best effort¶
Best effort indicates that we try to support basic features on them, but most likely there will be unsupported features or errors in some use cases. Pull requests with associated issues may be accepted to continue supporting older versions, which are reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
Deprecated, no longer supported dialects¶
The following dialects have implementations within SQLAlchemy, but they are not part of continuous integration testing nor are they actively developed. These dialects are deprecated and will be removed in future major releases.
Note that both of these dialects now have third-party implementations that are maintained separately. See the following list.
External Dialects¶
Currently maintained external dialect projects for SQLAlchemy include:
Database |
Dialect |
|---|---|
Actian Avalanche, Vector, Actian X, and Ingres |
|
Amazon Athena |
|
Amazon Redshift (via psycopg2) |
|
Apache Drill |
|
Apache Druid |
|
Apache Hive and Presto |
|
Apache Solr |
|
CockroachDB |
|
CrateDB |
|
EXASolution |
|
Elasticsearch (readonly) |
|
Firebird |
|
Firebolt |
|
Google BigQuery |
|
Google Sheets |
|
IBM DB2 and Informix |
|
IBM Netezza Performance Server [1] |
|
Microsoft Access (via pyodbc) |
|
Microsoft SQL Server (via python-tds) |
|
Microsoft SQL Server (via turbodbc) |
|
MonetDB [1] |
|
OpenGauss |
|
SAP ASE (fork of former Sybase dialect) |
|
SAP Hana [1] |
|
SAP Sybase SQL Anywhere |
|
Snowflake |
|
Teradata Vantage |