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Data Interpretation

Authors Alliance for Aquatic Resource Monitoring

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Alliance for Aquatic Resource Monitoring


Data Interpretation




                         January 2010




        © 2010 Alliance for Aquatic Resource Monitoring. Data
        Interpretation. Is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-
        NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license.
        http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
        If you would like to use this content in other ways, please email us.
Background on ALLARM
The Alliance for Aquatic Resource Monitoring (ALLARM) is a project of the Environmental
Studies Department at Dickinson College. Since its founding in 1986, ALLARM has become a
nationally recognized technical and programmatic support center for community organizations
interested in watershed assessment, protection, and restoration. ALLARM’s program goals are
to:

   1) Enhance local action for the protection and
      restoration of Pennsylvania watersheds by
      empowering communities with scientific knowledge
      and tools to implement watershed assessments;
   2) Provide Dickinson College students with opportunities
      to participate in community-based participatory
      research thereby enhancing the quality of
      undergraduate science education; and
   3) Be the leader in volunteer monitoring in Pennsylvania
      and a national model for college-community
      partnerships.

Through the work of student and professional staff, ALLARM
offers comprehensive services to enable groups to use critical scientific tools to enhance
environmental quality and fully participate in community decision-making. The program staff
includes a Director, an Assistant Director, a faculty Science Director, and 12-14 undergraduate
student staff.

For more information about ALLARM, please visit: www.dickinson.edu/ALLARM.




Project funding provided by the Foundation for Pennsylvania Watersheds.




                                                                                                  2
Background on the Virtual Watershed
What is a virtual watershed?

A virtual watershed is a fabricated watershed based on
real aquatic trends and qualities.

What is the purpose of a virtual
watershed?

The purpose of the virtual watershed exercise is to learn
about the watershed and determine what the water
quality values collected each month actually mean. The
water quality data for College Creek are based off a true
dataset, but have been manipulated to produce
deliberate trends between values and elements of the
watershed including land use, geology, and discharges
as well as seasonality. The goal of the exercise is to
learn how to identify these trends and understand how and why they occur. Once those skills are
developed, it will be easier to identify and understand trends within a true data set where relationships
are often less obvious.

How do you use the virtual watershed exercise?

The virtual watershed exercise contains three main
parts:
1) Questions – used to discover the trends and
    relationships between the water quality values and
    other elements of the watershed – ultimately
    finding the story in the data
2) Water quality data – raw, summarized, and
    graphical forms
3) Watershed maps – site locations, land use, geology,
    and discharge locations

Items to note:
The virtual watershed contains deliberate errors in the
data set (i.e. a pH value of 16) to signify the need to
double-check values when recording and entering
values into a database. The errors often go undetected
until the data are looked at and analyzed at a closer level.




                                                                                                            3
COLLEGE CREEK WATER QUALITY DATA
INTERPRETATION SESSION
Section I: Findings/Observations
A. Using Raw Data and Maps

 As you answer the questions, bear in mind the acceptable ranges for chemical indicators.
  For some results, high values are “worse” (e.g. nitrate). For others, low values are “worse”
  (e.g. pH or dissolved oxygen).

 In general, how do you expect the chemical indicators to respond as pollution or some
  other negative alteration of College Creek increases?

                         Indicator             Increase      Decrease
               Alkalinity
               Dissolved Oxygen
               Fecal Coliform
               Macroinvertebrates
               Nitrate
               pH
               Temperature
               Total Suspended Solids


 You will now analyze the raw data on College Creek. If working in a group setting, each
  group will answer questions for flow, macroinvertebrates, fecal coliform, and three specific
  indicators, as indicated below. Otherwise, you should look at the parameters of interest.
  Record your answers in Table 1 for each studied parameter under the appropriate question
  number at the top of the table.


              Group 1: Alkalinity, Fecal Coliform, Dissolved Oxygen, Nitrate
              Group 2: Fecal Coliform, pH, Temperature, Total Suspended Solids


 At the end of the session, the groups will combine their data to review the relationships
  between indicators, and discuss the overall health of College Creek.




                                                                                                 4
Flow:
1. During which month was flow consistently the highest? ______________________________
2. During which month was flow consistently the lowest? ______________________________
3. Which site has the most variation in flow over the year? _____________________________
4. Which site has the highest flow during the year? ____________________________________
5. Referring your answer to question 4, what is the position of that site in relation to other sites
    in the study area? ____________________________________________________________


Macroinvertebrates:
1. Which site has the highest EPT richness? __________________________________________
2. Which site has the lowest EPT richness? __________________________________________
3. Which site has the highest total richness? _________________________________________
4. Which site has the lowest total richness? __________________________________________
6. Referring your answer to question 1, what is the predominant land use at that site?
______________________________________________________________________________
7. Referring your answer to question 2, what is the predominant land use at that site?
______________________________________________________________________________


Alkalinity/Dissolved Oxygen/pH:
1. What is the lowest recorded value at any site?
2. Which site has the lowest recorded value?
3. Which month has the lowest recorded value?
4. Which site consistently has the lowest recorded values?
5. Which site consistently has the highest recorded values?
6. Referring your answer to question 2, what is the predominant land use at that site?
7. Referring your answer to question 5, what is the predominant land use at that site?


Bacteria/Nitrate/Phosphate/Temperature/Total Suspended Solids:
1. What is the highest recorded value at any site?
2. Which site has the highest recorded value?
3. Which month has the highest recorded value?
4. Which site consistently has the highest recorded values?
5. Which site consistently has the lowest recorded values?
6. Referring your answer to question 2, what is the predominant land use at that site?
7. Referring your answer to question 5, what is the predominant land use at that site?

                                                                                                  5
Table 1. Using Raw Data
                  1       2   3   4   5   6   7


 Alkalinity



 Dissolved
  Oxygen


   Fecal
  Coliform



  Nitrate



    pH



Temperature



    TSS




                                                  6
B. Using Summarized Data

Answer the questions using the statistical summaries tables and box-and-whisker graphs for the
same indicators as you did before. Record your results in Table 2.


 1. Which site has the greatest range (max – min)?


 2. Which site has the greatest IQ range?


 3. Does the IQ range of these two sites (if different) overlap?

 4. Based on the Box-and-Whisker graphs, which sites are most different from each other?

 5. Based on the Box-and-Whisker graphs, which sites are most similar from each other?

 6. Which site has the highest median?


 7. Which site has the lowest median?

 8. Does the IQ range of these two sites overlap?




                                                                                                 7
Table 2. Using Summarized Data
                 1          2    3   4   5   6   7   8


  Alkalinity



  Dissolved
   Oxygen



Fecal Coliform



   Nitrate



     pH



Temperature



     TSS




                                                         8
Section II: Interpretation
Use all of the tables, maps, and graphs as needed.


1. What may explain the difference in values for your indicators between sites?




2. Are there seasonal patterns in the data? What may explain this?




3. Can any meaningful upstream to downstream comparisons be made between sites?




4. What is the relationship between your indicators and flow?




                                                                                  9
Section III: Looking at all of the Data Together
Use the information presented by other teams to answer the following questions.

1. How are the indicators related to one another? How do they affect each other?




2. Does flow seem to have an effect on water quality indicators? If so, how?




3. Do any data suggest that point sources may be impacting the stream? If so, which
   indicators?




4. Do any data suggest that non-point source pollution may be impacting the stream? If so,
   which indicators?




5. Overall, what would you say about the health of the College Creek Watershed?




6. If this was your watershed, what are some ways to improve the condition of the stream and
    raise awareness in the community?




                                                                                             10
Group 1 Raw Data:


Alkalinity (ppm)
 LAND USE      SITE     JAN    FEB    MAR    APR    MAY     JUN     JUL    AUG      SEP     OCT    NOV      DEC
     Ag        CC 1    100.5   94.3   89.2   91.5   79.6   100.8    92.4   103.4    80.2   117.1   105.3    95.5
   Urban       CC 2     34.2   30.5   25.2   27.2   10.2    35.2    37.5    40.2    43.5    42.5    39.8    36.5
   Urban       CC 3     25.3   15.2   12.3   14.2   7.9     20.7    25.4    30.2    45.2    42.5    40.2    32.1
     Ag        EB 1    102.1   95.2   94.3   96.5   80.5   100.2   104.2   110.3   132.3   122.5   115.4   105.3
     Ag        SB 1     50.4   40.1   38.7   40.6   16.5    42.8    50.1    54.7    60.3    66.5    62.7    55.9
   Forest      WB 1     15.2   12.2   10.2   12.2   5.3     18.2    19.4   120.2    25.4    21.3    19.5    18.4

Dissolved Oxygen (ppm)
 LAND USE     SITE     JAN     FEB    MAR    APR    MAY    JUN     JUL     AUG     SEP     OCT     NOV     DEC
     Ag       CC 1     13.8    12.9   12.3   11.6   10.8   10.8    11.1     8.5    10.2    10.9    11.5    12.3
   Urban      CC 2     11.4    10.6   10.2   9.2    8.1     6.9    6.7      5.6    5.5     8.6     10.5    11.0
   Urban      CC 3      8.2    7.5    7.3    6.9    5.0     4.2    4.5      4.0    6.0     7.2      8.6    9.3
     Ag       EB 1     12.9    12.7   11.5   11.0   9.5     8.2    7.1      5.2    5.2     8.6     10.0    11.5
     Ag       SB 1     11.8    11.2   10.5   10.0   3.0     5.8    5.9      5.0    5.2     8.2      9.8    10.9
   Forest     WB 1     14.0    13.0   12.8   12.0   11.6   11.2    10.8    10.8    11.1    11.9    12.6    12.8

Nitrate (ppm)
 LAND USE       SITE   JAN     FEB    MAR    APR    MAY    JUN     JUL     AUG     SEP     OCT     NOV     DEC
     Ag         CC 1    5.7    6.6    6.4    6.4    6.0     6.7    6.7      6.7    6.8     6.8      6.8    6.7
   Urban        CC 2    5.6    5.7    5.9    4.0    4.9     6.0    5.7      5.2    4.1     5.0      5.6    6.2
   Urban        CC 3    5.4    4.9    4.8    2.0    2.3     5.3    4.3      3.3    2.3     3.8      4.4    5.1
     Ag         EB 1    6.9    8.7    10.3   10.5   17.2   11.5    9.8      7.7    8.8     7.7      7.3    7.1
     Ag         SB 1    5.8    6.9    8.1    8.4    8.5     8.6    9.4     10.5    8.4     7.3      7.1    6.8
   Forest       WB 1    0.0    0.4    0.3    0.1    0.1     0.2    0.1      0.1    1.5     0.0      0.1    0.0

                                                                                                             11
Group 2 Raw Data:


pH (pH units)
 LAND USE       SITE   JAN     FEB     MAR     APR     MAY     JUN     JUL     AUG     SEP    OCT    NOV     DEC
     Ag         CC 1    7.4    7.5     7.3     7.4     7.4      7.6    7.6      7.7    7.5    7.6     7.6    7.5
   Urban        CC 2    6.4    6.4     6.2     6.2     5.8      6.5    6.5      6.5    6.6    6.6     6.6    6.5
   Urban        CC 3    6.4    6.3     6.3     6.4     5.9      6.4    6.4      6.5    6.7    6.6     6.6    6.4
     Ag         EB 1    7.8    7.7     7.7     7.7     7.7      7.7    7.8      7.8    8.0    8.0     7.9    7.8
     Ag         SB 1    6.7    6.6     6.4     6.4     5.9      6.8    6.8      6.9    6.9    6.9    16.8    6.8
   Forest       WB 1    5.5    5.5     5.4     5.5     5.0      5.7    5.7      5.7    5.8    5.7     5.6    5.6

Temperature (°F)
 LAND USE     SITE     JAN     FEB     MAR     APR     MAY     JUN     JUL     AUG     SEP    OCT    NOV     DEC
     Ag       CC 1     36.0    37.0    41.0    42.0    48.0    51.0    52.0    53.0    48.0   45.0   42.0    37.0
   Urban      CC 2     46.0    50.0    53.0    62.0    74.0    81.0    81.0    80.0    68.0   65.0   52.0    47.0
   Urban      CC 3     50.0    55.0    62.0    70.0    77.0    86.0    86.0    85.0    81.0   71.0   62.0    53.0
     Ag       EB 1     36.0    37.0    40.0    42.0    48.0    53.0    53.0    54.0    49.0   45.0   43.0    37.0
     Ag       SB 1     37.0    39.0    45.0    52.0    54.0    58.0    61.0    63.0    58.0   55.0   44.0    40.0
   Forest    WB 1      33.0    35.0    36.0    38.0    41.0    42.0    43.0    42.0    42.0   38.0   35.0    34.0

Total Suspended Solids (ppm)
 LAND USE     SITE      JAN     FEB    MAR      APR    MAY      JUN     JUL    AUG     SEP    OCT    NOV      DEC
     Ag       CC 1      45.4    55.3    62.2    58.5   146.7    36.5    25.3   161.6   23.1   23.6    35.1    42.6
   Urban      CC 2     101.2   109.8   114.3   111.0   177.4    75.6    13.8    17.8   11.2   14.9    63.7    89.4
   Urban      CC 3     133.8   158.2   185.6   178.3   456.3   125.6   100.3    50.2   56.3   62.3   103.2   135.2
     Ag       EB 1      39.5    43.4    56.8    49.2    84.6    33.8    21.9    70.2   22.4   23.2    28.5    32.1
     Ag       SB 1      52.2   152.3   189.3   175.2   365.2    85.6    25.6    20.8   19.8   25.4    75.8   125.6
   Forest    WB 1        9.3    9.9     10.4    10.0    13.3     7.8    0.0     0.0    0.0    0.0     6.7     9.6

                                                                                                               12
Raw Data and Statistical Summaries – College Creek Case Study

Alkalinity (ppm)
 LAND USE      SITE     JAN      FEB     MAR       APR      MAY       JUN      JUL     AUG      SEP     OCT    NOV      DEC
     Ag        CC 1    100.5     94.3    89.2      91.5     79.6     100.8     92.4    103.4    80.2   117.1   105.3    95.5
   Urban       CC 2     34.2     30.5    25.2      27.2     10.2      35.2     37.5     40.2    43.5    42.5    39.8    36.5
   Urban       CC 3     25.3     15.2    12.3      14.2     7.9       20.7     25.4     30.2    45.2    42.5    40.2    32.1
     Ag        EB 1    102.1     95.2    94.3      96.5     80.5     100.2    104.2    110.3   132.3   122.5   115.4   105.3
     Ag        SB 1     50.4     40.1    38.7      40.6     16.5      42.8     50.1     54.7    60.3    66.5    62.7    55.9
   Forest      WB 1     15.2     12.2    10.2      12.2     5.3       18.2     19.4    120.2    25.4    21.3    19.5    18.4

Alkalinity (ppm) – Annual Summary for Each Site
 LAND USE      SITE    Average   Min      25th     Median    75th     Max      Range   IQ Range
     Ag        CC 1      95.8   79.6      90.9       94.9    101.5    117.1     37.5     10.5
   Urban       CC 2      33.5   10.2      29.7       35.9     39.9     43.5     33.3     10.2
   Urban       CC 3      25.9    7.9      15.0       25.4     34.1     45.2     37.3     19.2
     Ag        EB 1     104.9   80.5      96.2      103.2    111.6    132.3     51.8     15.4
     Ag        SB 1      48.3   16.5      40.5       50.3     57.0     66.5     50.0     16.5
   Forest      WB 1      24.8    5.3      12.2       18.3     20.0    120.2    114.9      7.8

Alkalinity (ppm) – Monthly Summary for All Sites
                JAN     FEB    MAR       APR       MAY       JUN      JUL     AUG       SEP     OCT    NOV      DEC
  Average       54.6   47.9    45.0      47.0      33.3      53.0     54.8     76.5     64.5    68.7    63.8    57.3
    Min         15.2   12.2    10.2      12.2      5.3       18.2     19.4     30.2     25.4    21.3    19.5    18.4
    25th        27.5   19.0    15.5      17.5      8.5       24.3     28.4     43.8     43.9    42.5    39.9    33.2
  Median        42.3   35.3    32.0      33.9      13.4      39.0     43.8     79.1     52.8    54.5    51.5    46.2
    75th        88.0   80.8    76.6      78.8      63.8      85.9     81.8    108.6     75.2   104.5    94.7    85.6
    Max        102.1   95.2    94.3      96.5      80.5     100.8    104.2    120.2    132.3   122.5   115.4   105.3


                                                                                                                         13
Alkalinity Graphs – College Creek Case Study


                               Alkalinity - Annual Summary for Each Site

          140


          120


          100


          80
    PPM




          60


          40


          20


           0
                  CC 1            CC 2         CC 3               EB 1       SB 1        WB 1




                               Alkalinity - Monthly Summary for All Sites

          140


          120


          100


          80
    PPM




          60


          40


          20


           0
                JAN      FEB   MAR    APR   MAY       JUN   JUL      AUG   SEP   OCT   NOV   DEC




                                                                                                   14
Raw Data and Statistical Summaries – College Creek Case Study

Dissolved Oxygen (ppm)
 LAND USE     SITE     JAN     FEB      MAR      APR     MAY     JUN     JUL     AUG    SEP    OCT    NOV    DEC
     Ag       CC 1     13.8    12.9     12.3     11.6    10.8    10.8    11.1     8.5   10.2   10.9   11.5   12.3
   Urban      CC 2     11.4    10.6     10.2     9.2     8.1      6.9    6.7      5.6   5.5    8.6    10.5   11.0
   Urban      CC 3      8.2    7.5      7.3      6.9     5.0      4.2    4.5      4.0   6.0    7.2     8.6   9.3
     Ag       EB 1     12.9    12.7     11.5     11.0    9.5      8.2    7.1      5.2   5.2    8.6    10.0   11.5
     Ag       SB 1     11.8    11.2     10.5     10.0    3.0      5.8    5.9      5.0   5.2    8.2     9.8   10.9
   Forest     WB 1     14.0    13.0     12.8     12.0    11.6    11.2    10.8    10.8   11.1   11.9   12.6   12.8

Dissolved Oxygen (ppm) – Annual Summary for Each Site
 LAND USE     SITE   Average     Min   25th Median        75th    Max    Range   IQ Range
     Ag       CC 1     11.4      8.5    10.8      11.3    12.3    13.8    5.3       1.5
   Urban      CC 2      8.7      5.5     6.9      8.9     10.5    11.4    5.9       3.7
   Urban      CC 3      6.6      4.0     4.9      7.1      7.7    9.3     5.3       2.8
     Ag       EB 1      9.5      5.2     7.9      9.8     11.5    12.9    7.7       3.6
     Ag       SB 1      8.1      3.0     5.7      9.0     10.6    11.8    8.8       5.0
   Forest     WB 1     12.1      10.8   11.2      12.0    12.8    14.0    3.2       1.6

Dissolved Oxygen (ppm) – Monthly Summary for All Sites
              JAN      FEB    MAR     APR       MAY      JUN     JUL     AUG     SEP    OCT    NOV    DEC
  Average     12.0    11.3     10.8   10.1       8.0      7.9    7.7      6.5    7.2    9.2    10.5   11.3
    Min        8.2     7.5     7.3    6.9        3.0      4.2    4.5      4.0    5.2    7.2     8.6   9.3
    25 th     11.5    10.8     10.3   9.4        5.8      6.1    6.1      5.1    5.3    8.3     9.9   10.9
  Median      12.4    12.0     11.0   10.5       8.8      7.6    6.9      5.4    5.8    8.6    10.3   11.3
    75 th     13.6    12.9     12.1   11.5       10.5    10.2    9.9      7.8    9.2    10.3   11.3   12.1
    Max       14.0    13.0     12.8   12.0       11.6    11.2    11.1    10.8    11.1   11.9   12.6   12.8


                                                                                                              15
Dissolved Oxygen Graphs – College Creek Case Study

                             Dissolved Oxygen - Annual Summary for Each Site

          16

          14

          12

          10
    PPM




          8

          6

          4

          2

          0
                     CC 1           CC 2        CC 3               EB 1       SB 1        WB 1




                             Dissolved Oxygen - Monthly Summary for All Sites

          16

          14

          12

          10
    PPM




          8

          6

          4

          2

          0
               JAN          FEB   MAR   APR   MAY      JUN   JUL      AUG   SEP   OCT   NOV   DEC




                                                                                                    16
Raw Data and Statistical Summaries – College Creek Case Study

Fecal Coliform (col/100 mL)
 LAND USE       SITE    JAN      FEB     MAR       APR       MAY       JUN      JUL     AUG      SEP     OCT    NOV     DEC
     Ag        CC 1     10.0     10.0    25.0      35.0       60.0     70.0     90.0    105.0   110.0    90.0    40.0   30.0
   Urban       CC 2      5.0     5.0     15.0      20.0       35.0     50.0     70.0     90.0    90.0    60.0    40.0   15.0
   Urban       CC 3     60.0     80.0    80.0     120.0      190.0    250.0    300.0    310.0   320.0   170.0   120.0   90.0
     Ag         EB 1     2.0     2.0     7.0       10.0       20.0     35.0     50.0     60.0    60.0    40.0    30.0   10.0
     Ag         SB 1    40.0     40.0    60.0     100.0      140.0    160.0    180.0    210.0   200.0   200.0   140.0   80.0
   Forest      WB 1      0.0     0.0     0.0       2.0        2.0       4.0     4.0      4.0     4.0     2.0     0.0    0.0

Fecal Coliform (col/100 mL) – Annual Summary for Each Site
 LAND USE       SITE   Average    Min    25th Median          75th     Max      Range   IQ Range
     Ag        CC 1      56.3     10.0   28.8       50.0       90.0    110.0    100.0     61.3
   Urban       CC 2      41.3     5.0    15.0       37.5       62.5     90.0     85.0     47.5
   Urban       CC 3     174.2     60.0   87.5      145.0      262.5    320.0    260.0     175.0
     Ag         EB 1     27.2     2.0     9.3       25.0       42.5     60.0     58.0     33.3
     Ag         SB 1    129.2     40.0   75.0      140.0      185.0    210.0    170.0     110.0
   Forest      WB 1      1.8      0.0     0.0       2.0        4.0      4.0      4.0       4.0

Fecal Coliform (col/100 mL) – Monthly Summary for All Sites
                JAN      FEB    MAR       APR    MAY         JUN       JUL     AUG       SEP     OCT    NOV     DEC
  Average       19.5    22.8    31.2      47.8    74.5       94.8     115.7    129.8    130.7    93.7    61.7   37.5
    Min          0.0     0.0     0.0      2.0     2.0         4.0      4.0      4.0      4.0     2.0     0.0    0.0
    25th         2.8     2.8     9.0      12.5    23.8       38.8      55.0     67.5     67.5    45.0    32.5   11.3
  Median         7.5     7.5    20.0      27.5    47.5       60.0      80.0     97.5    100.0    75.0    40.0   22.5
    75th        32.5    32.5    51.3      83.8   120.0      137.5     157.5    183.8    177.5   150.0   100.0   67.5
    Max         60.0    80.0    80.0     120.0   190.0      250.0     300.0    310.0    320.0   200.0   140.0   90.0


                                                                                                                         17
Fecal Coliform Graphs – College Creek Case Study

                                  Fecal Coliform - Annual Summary for Each Site

                 350


                 300


                 250
    col/100 mL




                 200


                 150


                 100


                 50


                  0
                         CC 1           CC 2        CC 3               EB 1       SB 1        WB 1




                                  Fecal Coliform - Monthly Summary for All Sites

                 350


                 300


                 250
    col/100 mL




                 200


                 150


                 100


                 50


                  0
                       JAN      FEB   MAR   APR   MAY      JUN   JUL      AUG   SEP   OCT   NOV   DEC




                                                                                                        18
Raw Data and Statistical Summaries – College Creek Case Study

Flow (cfs)
 LAND USE     SITE     JAN      FEB      MAR         APR      MAY      JUN       JUL    AUG      SEP     OCT      NOV      DEC
     Ag       CC 1     49.3     56.2     92.5        68.7    150.0     33.6      19.1    18.7    18.3    21.5     43.4     62.9
   Urban      CC 2    1129.4   1197.6   2046.8      1857.3   2103.4   1001.5    445.7   216.3   121.8   149.9    637.9    1118.4
   Urban      CC 3    2000.1   2506.1   4007.5      3204.7   5801.9   5007.4    703.2   406.5   405.8   501.6    1002.5   1901.6
     Ag       EB 1    203.0    248.0    423.0       366.0    467.0    180.0      61.0    43.0    39.0    46.0    114.0    203.0
     Ag       SB 1    220.5    310.4    420.1       360.8    540.3    210.6     80..4    50.2    40.1    60.8    110.5    210.6
   Forest     WB 1     20.3     32.1     39.6        35.4     73.4     17.8      5.1     4.8     4.6     5.7      12.0     12.1

Flow (cfs) – Annual Summary for Each Site
 LAND USE       SITE   Average    Min       25th    Median 75th         Max      Range IQ Range
     Ag        CC 1      52.9     18.3       20.9     46.4  64.4       150.0     131.7   43.5
   Urban       CC 2     1002.2   121.8      388.4   1060.0 1362.5      2103.4    1981.6  974.2
   Urban       CC 3     2287.4   405.8      652.8   1950.9 3405.4      5801.9    5396.1 2752.6
     Ag        EB 1     199.4     39.0       57.3    191.5 277.5       467.0     428.0   220.3
     Ag        SB 1     230.4     40.1       85.7    210.6 335.6       540.3     500.2   250.0
   Forest      WB 1      21.9     4.6        5.6      15.0  32.9        73.4      68.8   27.4

Flow (cfs) – Monthly Summary for All Sites
               JAN      FEB    MAR         APR       MAY      JUN      JUL      AUG      SEP     OCT     NOV      DEC
  Average     603.8    725.1 1171.6 982.2           1522.7   1075.2   246.8     123.3   104.9   130.9   320.1    584.8
    Min        20.3     32.1    39.6       35.4      73.4     17.8     5.1       4.8     4.6     5.7     12.0     12.1
    25th       87.7    104.2   174.4      141.7     229.3     70.2     19.1      24.8    23.5    27.6    60.2     97.9
   Median     211.8    279.2   421.6      363.4     503.7    195.3     61.0      46.6    39.6    53.4   112.3    206.8
    75th      902.2    975.8 1640.9 1484.5          1712.6   803.8    445.7     174.8   101.4   127.6   506.9    891.5
    Max       2000.1 2506.1 4007.5 3204.7           5801.9   5007.4   703.2     406.5   405.8   501.6   1002.5   1901.6


                                                                                                                            19
Flow Graphs – College Creek Case Study

                                Flow - Annual Summary for Each Site

          7000


          6000


          5000


          4000
    CFS




          3000


          2000


          1000


            0
                       CC 1       CC 2        CC 3            EB 1       SB 1        WB 1




                                Flow - Monthly Summary for All Sites

          7000


          6000


          5000


          4000
    CFS




          3000


          2000


          1000


            0
                 JAN      FEB   MAR   APR   MAY   JUN   JUL      AUG   SEP   OCT   NOV   DEC




                                                                                               20
Raw Data and Statistical Summaries – College Creek Case Study

Nitrate (ppm)
 LAND USE       SITE   JAN      FEB     MAR      APR      MAY     JUN     JUL     AUG        SEP   OCT    NOV    DEC
     Ag         CC 1    5.7     6.6     6.4      6.4      6.0      6.7    6.7      6.7       6.8   6.8     6.8   6.7
   Urban        CC 2    5.6     5.7     5.9      4.0      4.9      6.0    5.7      5.2       4.1   5.0     5.6   6.2
   Urban        CC 3    5.4     4.9     4.8      2.0      2.3      5.3    4.3      3.3       2.3   3.8     4.4   5.1
     Ag         EB 1    6.9     8.7     10.3     10.5     17.2    11.5    9.8      7.7       8.8   7.7     7.3   7.1
     Ag         SB 1    5.8     6.9     8.1      8.4      8.5      8.6    9.4     10.5       8.4   7.3     7.1   6.8
   Forest       WB 1    0.0     0.4     0.3      0.1      0.1      0.2    0.1      0.1       1.5   0.0     0.1   0.0

Nitrate (ppm) – Annual Summary for Each Site
 LAND USE      SITE   Average   Min       25th   Median    75th    Max    Range   IQ Range
     Ag        CC 1      6.5     5.7       6.4    6.7       6.7    6.8     1.1       0.3
   Urban       CC 2      5.3     4.0       5.0    5.6       5.8    6.2     2.2       0.8
   Urban       CC 3      4.0     2.0       3.1    4.3       5.0    5.4     3.4       1.9
     Ag        EB 1      9.4     6.9       7.6    8.7      10.4    17.2    10.3      2.8
     Ag        SB 1      8.0     5.8       7.1    8.3       8.5    10.5    4.7       1.5
   Forest     WB 1       0.2     0.0       0.0    0.1       0.2    1.5     1.5       0.1

Nitrate (ppm) – Monthly Summary for All Sites
               JAN     FEB    MAR        APR     MAY      JUN     JUL     AUG     SEP    OCT       NOV    DEC
  Average       4.9     5.5    6.0        5.2    6.5       6.4    6.0      5.6    5.3    5.1        5.2   5.3
    Min         0.0     0.4    0.3        0.1    0.1       0.2    0.1      0.1    1.5    0.0        0.1   0.0
    25th        5.5     5.1    5.1        2.5    3.0       5.4    4.7      3.8    2.8    4.1        4.7   5.4
  Median        5.7     6.2    6.2        5.2    5.5       6.4    6.2      6.0    5.5    5.9        6.2   6.5
    75th        5.8     6.8    7.7        7.9    7.9       8.1    8.7      7.4    8.0    7.2        7.0   6.8
    Max         6.9     8.7   10.3       10.5    17.2     11.5    9.8     10.5    8.8    7.7        7.3   7.1


                                                                                                                  21
Nitrate Graphs – College Creek Case Study

                                    Nitrate - Annual Summary for Each Site

           20

           18

           16

           14

           12
     PPM




           10

           8

           6

           4

           2

           0
                      CC 1           CC 2         CC 3               EB 1       SB 1        WB 1




                                    Nitrate - Monthy Summary for All Sites

           20

           18

           16

           14

           12
     PPM




           10

           8

           6

           4

           2

           0
                JAN          FEB   MAR   APR   MAY       JUN   JUL      AUG   SEP   OCT   NOV   DEC




                                                                                                      22
Raw Data and Statistical Summaries – College Creek Case Study

pH (pH units)
 LAND USE       SITE    JAN      FEB     MAR     APR      MAY     JUN     JUL     AUG        SEP   OCT    NOV    DEC
     Ag         CC 1     7.4     7.5     7.3     7.4      7.4      7.6    7.6      7.7       7.5   7.6     7.6   7.5
   Urban        CC 2     6.4     6.4     6.2     6.2      5.8      6.5    6.5      6.5       6.6   6.6     6.6   6.5
   Urban        CC 3     6.4     6.3     6.3     6.4      5.9      6.4    6.4      6.5       6.7   6.6     6.6   6.4
     Ag         EB 1     7.8     7.7     7.7     7.7      7.7      7.7    7.8      7.8       8.0   8.0     7.9   7.8
     Ag         SB 1     6.7     6.6     6.4     6.4      5.9      6.8    6.8      6.9       6.9   6.9    16.8   6.8
   Forest       WB 1     5.5     5.5     5.4     5.5      5.0      5.7    5.7      5.7       5.8   5.7     5.6   5.6

pH (pH units) – Annual Summary for Each Site
 LAND USE       SITE   Average   Min      25th   Median    75th    Max    Range   IQ Range
     Ag        CC 1      7.5     7.3       7.4    7.5       7.6    7.7     0.4       0.2
   Urban       CC 2      6.4     5.8       6.4    6.5       6.5    6.6     0.8       0.2
   Urban       CC 3      6.4     5.9       6.4    6.4       6.5    6.7     0.8       0.2
     Ag         EB 1     7.8     7.7       7.7    7.8       7.8    8.0     0.3       0.1
     Ag         SB 1     7.5     5.9       6.6    6.8       6.9    16.8    10.9      0.4
   Forest      WB 1      5.6     5.0       5.5    5.6       5.7    5.8     0.8       0.2

pH (pH units) – Monthly Summary for All Sites
                JAN     FEB   MAR         APR    MAY      JUN     JUL     AUG     SEP    OCT       NOV    DEC
  Average        6.7    6.7    6.6         6.6   6.3       6.8    6.8      6.9    6.9    6.9        8.5   6.8
    Min          5.5    5.5    5.4         5.5   5.0       5.7    5.7      5.7    5.8    5.7        5.6   5.6
    25th         6.4    6.3    6.2         6.3   5.8       6.4    6.4      6.5    6.6    6.6        6.6   6.4
  Median         6.6    6.5    6.4         6.4   5.9       6.7    6.7      6.7    6.8    6.8        7.1   6.7
    75th         7.2    7.3    7.1         7.2   7.0       7.4    7.4      7.5    7.4    7.4        7.8   7.3
    Max          7.8    7.7    7.7         7.7   7.7       7.7    7.8      7.8    8.0    8.0       16.8   7.8


                                                                                                                  23
pH Graphs – College Creek Case Study

                                          pH - Annual Summary for Each Site

                14


                12


                10
     pH Units




                8


                6


                4


                2


                0
                           CC 1           CC 2           CC 3               EB 1       SB 1        WB 1




                                              pH - Monthy Summary for All Sites

                18

                16

                14

                12
     pH Units




                10

                8

                6

                4

                2

                0
                     JAN          FEB   MAR     APR   MAY       JUN   JUL      AUG   SEP   OCT   NOV   DEC




                                                                                                             24
Raw Data and Statistical Summaries – College Creek Case Study

Temperature (°F)
 LAND USE     SITE     JAN      FEB     MAR        APR    MAY     JUN     JUL     AUG    SEP    OCT    NOV    DEC
     Ag       CC 1     36.0     37.0    41.0       42.0   48.0    51.0    52.0    53.0   48.0   45.0   42.0   37.0
   Urban      CC 2     46.0     50.0    53.0       62.0   74.0    81.0    81.0    80.0   68.0   65.0   52.0   47.0
   Urban      CC 3     50.0     55.0    62.0       70.0   77.0    86.0    86.0    85.0   81.0   71.0   62.0   53.0
     Ag       EB 1     36.0     37.0    40.0       42.0   48.0    53.0    53.0    54.0   49.0   45.0   43.0   37.0
     Ag       SB 1     37.0     39.0    45.0       52.0   54.0    58.0    61.0    63.0   58.0   55.0   44.0   40.0
   Forest    WB 1      33.0     35.0    36.0       38.0   41.0    42.0    43.0    42.0   42.0   38.0   35.0   34.0

Temperature (°F) – Annual Summary for Each Site
 LAND USE     SITE    Average  Min       25th Median       75th    Max    Range   IQ Range
     Ag       CC 1     44.3    36.0      40.0   43.5       48.8    53.0    17.0      8.8
   Urban      CC 2     63.3    46.0      51.5   63.5       75.5    81.0    35.0     24.0
   Urban      CC 3     69.8    50.0      60.3   70.5       82.0    86.0    36.0     21.8
     Ag       EB 1     44.8    36.0      39.3   44.0       50.0    54.0    18.0     10.8
     Ag       SB 1     50.5    37.0      43.0   53.0       58.0    63.0    26.0     15.0
   Forest    WB 1      38.3    33.0      35.0   38.0       42.0    43.0    10.0      7.0

Temperature (°F) – Monthly Summary for All Sites
              JAN      FEB    MAR       APR        MAY    JUN     JUL     AUG     SEP    OCT    NOV    DEC
  Average     39.7    42.2    46.2      51.0       57.0   61.8    62.7    62.8    57.7   53.2   46.3   41.3
    Min       33.0    35.0    36.0      38.0       41.0   42.0    43.0    42.0    42.0   38.0   35.0   34.0
   25th       36.0    37.0    40.3      42.0       48.0   51.5    52.3    53.3    48.3   45.0   42.3   37.0
  Median      36.5    38.0    43.0      47.0       51.0   55.5    57.0    58.5    53.5   50.0   43.5   38.5
   75th       43.8    47.3    51.0      59.5       69.0   75.3    76.0    75.8    65.5   62.5   50.0   45.3
   Max        50.0    55.0    62.0      70.0       77.0   86.0    86.0    85.0    81.0   71.0   62.0   53.0


                                                                                                               25
Temperature Graphs – College Creek Case Study

                                     Temperature - Annual Summary for Each Site

                100

                90

                80

                70

                60
    Degrees F




                50

                40

                30

                20

                10

                 0
                        CC 1              CC 2        CC 3               EB 1       SB 1        WB 1




                                     Temperature - Monthly Summary for All Sites

                100

                90

                80

                70

                60
    Degrees F




                50

                40

                30

                20

                10

                 0
                      JAN      FEB     MAR   APR   MAY       JUN   JUL      AUG   SEP   OCT   NOV   DEC




                                                                                                          26
Raw Data and Statistical Summaries – College Creek Case Study

Total Suspended Solids (ppm)
 LAND USE     SITE      JAN     FEB     MAR       APR     MAY        JUN      JUL     AUG     SEP    OCT     NOV      DEC
     Ag       CC 1      45.4    55.3     62.2     58.5    146.7      36.5     25.3    161.6   23.1   23.6     35.1    42.6
   Urban      CC 2     101.2   109.8    114.3    111.0    177.4      75.6     13.8     17.8   11.2   14.9     63.7    89.4
   Urban      CC 3     133.8   158.2    185.6    178.3    456.3     125.6    100.3     50.2   56.3   62.3    103.2   135.2
     Ag       EB 1      39.5    43.4     56.8     49.2     84.6      33.8     21.9     70.2   22.4   23.2     28.5    32.1
     Ag       SB 1      52.2   152.3    189.3    175.2    365.2      85.6     25.6     20.8   19.8   25.4     75.8   125.6
   Forest    WB 1        9.3    9.9      10.4     10.0     13.3       7.8     0.0      0.0    0.0    0.0      6.7     9.6

Total Suspended Solids (ppm) – Annual Summary for Each Site
 LAND USE     SITE    Average    Min     25th Median 75th            Max      Range   IQ Range
     Ag       CC 1       59.7    23.1    32.7      44.0      59.4    161.6    138.5     26.8
   Urban      CC 2       75.0    11.2    17.1      82.5     110.1    177.4    166.2     93.0
   Urban      CC 3      145.4    50.2    90.8     129.7     163.2    456.3    406.1     72.4
     Ag       EB 1       42.1    21.9    27.2      36.7      51.1     84.6     62.7     23.9
     Ag       SB 1      109.4    19.8    25.6      80.7     158.0    365.2    345.4     132.5
   Forest    WB 1        6.4      0.0     0.0      8.6       9.9      13.3     13.3      9.9

Total Suspended Solids (ppm) – Monthly Summary for All Sites
              JAN       FEB     MAR      APR    MAY        JUN       JUL     AUG      SEP     OCT    NOV      DEC
  Average     63.6      88.2    103.1    97.0  207.3       60.8      31.2     53.4    22.1    24.9    52.2    72.4
    Min        9.3       9.9     10.4    10.0   13.3        7.8      0.0      0.0     0.0     0.0     6.7     9.6
    25th      41.0      46.4     58.2    51.5  100.1       34.5      15.8     18.6    13.4    17.0    30.2    34.7
  Median      48.8      82.6     88.3    84.8  162.1       56.1      23.6     35.5    21.1    23.4    49.4    66.0
    75th      89.0     141.7    167.8   159.2  318.3       83.1      25.5     65.2    22.9    25.0    72.8   116.6
    Max      133.8     158.2    189.3   178.3  456.3      125.6     100.3    161.6    56.3    62.3   103.2   135.2


                                                                                                                       27
Total Suspended Solids Graphs – College Creek Case Study

                      Total Suspended Solids - Annual Summary for Each Site

          500

          450

          400

          350

          300
    PPM




          250

          200

          150

          100

          50

           0
                  CC 1           CC 2        CC 3               EB 1       SB 1        WB 1




                      Total Suspended Solids - Monthly Summary for All Sites

          500

          450

          400

          350

          300
    PPM




          250

          200

          150

          100

          50

           0
                JAN      FEB   MAR   APR   MAY      JUN   JUL      AUG   SEP   OCT   NOV   DEC




                                                                                                 28
Raw Data and Statistical Summaries – College Creek Case Study

  LAND USE                    SITE   EPT Richness      Other Richness    Total Richness
      Ag                      CC 1        8.5               6.6               15.1
    Urban                     CC 2        4.5               8.2               12.7
    Urban                     CC 3        1.2               7.3                8.5
      Ag                      EB 1       12.4               6.7               19.1
      Ag                      SB 1        3.8               7.8               11.6
    Forest                    WB 1       18.2               6.8               25.0



                                            Macroinvertebrate Richness                    Other Richness
                                                                                          EPT Richness
                  30


                  25

                  20
  # of Families




                  15

                  10


                  5

                  0
                       CC 1          CC 2           CC 3        EB 1         SB 1            WB 1




                                                                                                         29
College Creek Watershed Map: Site Locations




                                              30
College Creek Watershed Map: Geology




                                       31
College Creek Watershed Map: Land Use




                                        32
College Creek Watershed Map: Discharge Locations




                                                   33