Authors Civil Aviation Safety Authority - Australian Government
License CC-BY-4.0
Flight Crew Licensing Manual
Owner Manager Specialist Services
Responsible Area Flight Operations & Licensing Senior Officer
Effective Date August 2023
Review Date August 2025
Version 17.2
Intended Audience External
© Civil Aviation Safety Authority
All material presented in this Guidance document is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution
4.0 International licence, with the exception of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms (the terms of use for
the Coat of Arms are available from the It's an Honour website). The details of the relevant licence
conditions are available on the Creative Commons website, as is the full legal code for the CC BY
4.0 license.
Attribution
Material obtained from this document is to be attributed to CASA as:
© Civil Aviation Safety Authority 2023.
This document becomes an uncontrolled document when printed. Refer to <Document Catalogue> for
current version.
This document contains guidance material intended to assist CASA officers, delegates and the aviation
industry in understanding the operation of the aviation legislation. However, you should not rely on this
document as a legal reference. Refer to the civil aviation legislation including the Civil Aviation Act 1988
(Cth), its related regulations and any other legislative instruments—to ascertain the requirements of,
and the obligations imposed by or under, the law.
Uncontrolled when printed
Preface
As an Australian government authority, CASA must ensure that the decisions we make, and
the processes by which we make them, are effective, efficient, fair, timely, transparent,
properly documented and otherwise comply with the requirements of the law. At the same
time, we are committed to ensuring that all of our actions are consistent with the principles
reflected in our Regulatory Philosophy.
Most of the regulatory decisions CASA makes are such that conformity with authoritative
policy and established procedures will lead to the achievement of these outcomes. Frequently,
however, CASA decision-makers will encounter situations in which the strict application of
policy may not be appropriate. In such cases, striking a proper balance between the need for
consistency and a corresponding need for flexibility, the responsible exercise of discretion is
required.
In conjunction with a clear understanding of the considerations mentioned above, and a
thorough knowledge of the relevant provisions of the civil aviation legislation, adherence to the
procedures described in this manual will help to guide and inform the decisions you make,
with a view to better ensuring the achievement of optimal outcomes in the interest of safety
and fairness alike.
Chief Executive Officer and
Director of Aviation Safety
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Work health and safety (WHS) for employees.
All CASA workers (including contractors) have legal duties under the WHS legislation. Your
duty as a worker includes taking reasonable care of your own health and safety and ensuring
that nothing you do (or omit) causes harm to others. You must comply so far as reasonably
practicable with any reasonable instruction given to you by CASA and you must co-operate
with any reasonable WHS policy or procedure. Your duty of care is proportionate to the control
you can exercise over your work activities and work environment.
Different roles in CASA bring different hazards which, if not managed effectively, may create a
safety risk. For example, working airside, working outdoors, driving long distances, or dealing
with client aggression.
The management of health and safety is integrated into how we conduct our daily work e.g.
use of personal protective equipment, training and our work protocols. The WHS Risk
Register and Safe Work Practices document identified risks and their management. However,
if you identify something that poses an unacceptable risk, you should not place yourself or
others at risk of injury; ensure that you discuss the risk with your supervisor as soon as
practicable and (if necessary) report the hazard in ESS. Continuous improvement of our
health and safety management system is essential to keeping everyone safe at work.
For further information go to the WHS Horace page or contact WHS@casa.gov.au.
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Table of contents
Preface 3
Work health and safety (WHS) for employees. 4
Table of contents 5
Glossary 13
Revision history 15
1 Overview of Licensing 18
1.1 Foreword 18
1.2 What is Flight Crew Licencing 18
1.3 Types of Flight Crew Qualifications 18
1.4 Overview of Client Services Centre 20
1.4.1 Specialist Services Stream 20
1.4.2 Client Services Stream 20
1.4.3 Flight Operations and Licensing Teams 20
1.4.4 Flying Operations and Licensing Client Services team is responsible for: 21
1.4.5 Keeping Records 21
2 Legislation Governing Flight Crew Licensing 22
2.1 Legislation that empowers CASA to regulate Flight Crew Licensing 22
2.1.1 Civil Aviation Act 22
2.1.2 Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 22
2.1.3 Civil Aviation Advisory Publications 22
2.1.4 ICAO 22
2.1.5 Privacy Act 23
2.1.6 Freedom of Information Act 23
2.1.7 Archives Act 23
2.2 Instruments of Delegation and Approval 23
2.2.1 Instruments of Delegation 23
2.2.2 Instrument of Approval 23
2.2.3 Who is appointed as a Delegate or Authorised Person? 24
2.2.4 Responsibilities of a Delegation or Authorisation 24
3 Issuing Licence’s and their Associated Aircraft Category Rating 25
3.1 Overview of suite of Flight Crew Licencing Regulations 25
3.2 The Licencing Process 26
3.2.1 Method of Issue and Validity 26
3.2.2 General Administration – Policy 26
3.2.3 Eligible Flight Crew Licence Applicants 26
3.3 History of Licence Styles 28
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3.3.1 Current Book Style 28
3.3.2 Plastic Card Style 28
3.3.3 Paper Dockets Style 28
3.3.4 ‘Old’ Book Style 28
3.4 CSC Assessment Procedures 29
3.5 Issuing Flight Crew Licences 29
3.6 Testing English Guidelines 30
3.6.1 Aviation English Language Proficiency and General English Language
Proficiency assessments. 31
3.6.2 Aviation English Language Proficiency – Audit of Assessment 32
3.7 Aviation Security Status Checks 34
3.8 Flight Reviews 34
3.9 Schedule of Fees 35
3.10 Expired Licenses 35
3.11 Refusal to Issue Flight Crew Licences 35
4 Issuing Aircraft Category Class and Type Ratings 36
4.1 Overview 36
4.2 Aircraft Category Qualification Structure 37
4.2.1 Aeroplane Category Qualifications 37
4.2.2 Helicopter Category Qualifications 37
4.2.3 Gyroplane Category Qualifications 37
4.2.4 Airship Category Qualifications 37
4.2.5 Powered Lift Category Qualifications 37
4.2.6 Aircraft Design Feature Endorsements 38
4.2.7 Flight Activity Endorsement 39
5 Recreational Pilot Licence 40
5.1 General Overview 40
5.2 General Reference Tables for Issuance of Recreational Pilot Licence 41
5.2.1 Aircraft Category requirements for the Issuance of Recreational Pilot Licence 42
5.2.2 Requirements for the Issuance of a Recreational Pilot Licence Endorsement 43
5.3 Grant of Recreational Pilot Licence in recognition of a pilot certificates granted
by certain organisations 44
5.4 Grant of Recreational Pilot Licence endorsements in recognition of other
qualifications 45
6 Private Pilot Licence 46
6.1 General Overview 46
6.2 Relevant History 46
6.2.1 Overview of Area Restrictions 46
6.2.2 Removal of PPL Area Restriction 46
6.2.3 CAR 267 47
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6.3 General Reference Table for Issuance of a Private Pilot Licence 47
6.4 Aircraft Category specific requirements for Issuance of a Private Pilot Licence 49
6.4.1 Aeroplane Category 49
6.4.2 Helicopter Category 50
6.4.3 Gyrocopter Category 52
6.4.4 Powdered Lift Category 53
7 Commercial Pilot Licence 55
7.1 General Overview 55
7.2 General Reference Table for Issuance of Commercial Pilot Licence 55
7.3 Aircraft Category specific requirements for the Issuance of a Commercial Pilot
Licence 57
7.3.1 Aeroplane Category 57
7.3.2 Helicopter Category 58
7.3.3 Gyroplane Category 60
7.3.4 Powered Lift 60
7.3.5 Airship 61
8 Air Transport Pilot Licence 61
8.1 General Overview 61
8.2 General Reference Table for Issuance of an Air Transport Pilot Licence 61
8.3 Aircraft Category Specific Requirements for the Issuance of an Air Transport
Pilot Licence 63
8.3.1 Aeroplane Category 63
8.3.2 Helicopter Category 64
8.3.3 Powered Lift 65
8.3.4 Airship 65
9 Multi-Crew Pilot Licence 66
9.1 General Overview 66
9.2 General Reference Table for Issuance of a Multi-Crew Pilot Licence 66
9.3 Aircraft Category specific requirements for the Issuance of a Multi-crew Pilot
Licence 67
9.3.1 Aeroplane Category 67
10 Operational Ratings 69
10.1 General 69
10.2 Relevant History 70
10.3 Specific Requirements for the Issue of an Operational Rating 70
10.3.1 Instrument Rating 70
10.4 Private Instrument Rating 73
10.5 Endorsements on the Rating 74
10.5.1 Part 1—Aircraft category/class endorsements 74
10.5.2 Part 2—Instrument approach procedure endorsements 75
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10.5.3 Part 3—Departure endorsements 75
10.5.4 Part 4—Approach/arrival endorsements 76
10.5.5 Part 5—Approach/arrival endorsements—category specific 77
10.5.6 Part 6—Night endorsement 77
10.6 Night VFR Rating 77
10.6.1 Part 1—Aircraft category/class endorsements 78
10.7 Pilot Instructor Rating 78
10.7.1 Flight Instructor Rating 79
10.7.2 SIM Instructor Rating 80
10.7.3 Pilot Instructor Rating Endorsements 81
10.7.4 Aerial Application Rating 84
10.7.5 Flight Examiner Rating 87
10.7.6 Low Level Rating 90
11 Certificate of Validation 92
11.1 Introduction of Types of Authorisations Available to Overseas Pilots 92
11.2 Verification of Overseas Licenses and Ratings 92
11.3 Right of Entry into Australia and Work Permits 92
11.4 Privileges of a CoV 93
11.5 Types of CoV’s 93
11.5.1 CoV for Private Day VFR Operations 93
11.5.2 CoV for Commercial Operations 93
11.5.3 CoV for Flight Engineers 93
11.5.4 Overseas Private Balloon Pilots 93
11.5.5 Overseas Ultralight or Glider Pilots 94
11.5.6 Currency of a CoV 94
11.6 Prerequisites for Issue of a CoV 94
11.6.1 Applicant 94
11.6.2 Aeronautical Experience 95
11.6.3 Medical Certificate 95
11.6.4 English Language Proficiency 95
11.6.5 Conditions on the Issue of a CoV 95
11.6.6 Flight Reviews/Recency 96
11.6.7 Restrictions Imposed on the Overseas Licence/Medical Certificate 96
11.6.8 Aircraft Type ratings on a CoV 97
11.6.9 Flight Crew Ratings on a CoV 97
11.6.10 Application Requirements for a CoV 97
11.6.11 CoV Reference Table 98
12 Issuing Australian Licences on the Basis of Overseas Qualifications 100
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12.1 Requirements for the Recognition of Overseas Flight Crew Authorisations 100
12.1.1 For recognition of an overseas authorisation to issue a Private Pilot Licence
(PPL) 100
12.1.2 Recognition of an overseas authorisation for the issue a Commercial Pilot
Licence (CPL), Multi-Crew Pilot Licence (MPL) or Air Transport Pilot Licence
(ATPL) 100
12.1.3 Recognition of an overseas authorisation for the grant of an aircraft rating 100
12.1.4 Recognition of an overseas authorisation for the grant of an operational rating 101
12.1.5 Recognition of an overseas authorisation for the grant of a flight crew licence
endorsement 101
12.1.6 Verification of Overseas Licenses, Ratings and Endorsements 101
12.1.7 Grant of pilot type ratings on basis of overseas training and assessment 102
12.1.8 Recognition of Overseas Training Courses – Flight Simulators 102
13 Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Act (TTMRA) 103
13.1 Applicant Requirements 103
13.1.1 Commercial Pilot (Aeroplane or Helicopter) Licence 103
13.1.2 Air Transport Pilot (Aeroplane and Helicopter) Licence 103
13.2 Statutory Declarations (Mandatory with ALL TTMRA Applications) 104
13.3 Required Information for Application Process 105
13.3.1 ARN (Aviation Reference Number) Application (including identification) 105
13.3.2 Background Security Checks 105
13.3.3 Medical Certificate 105
13.3.4 Required Documentation 105
13.4 Application Process 106
13.4.1 Submission of Application 106
14 Australian Defence Force 107
14.1 Introduction 107
14.2 Courses Recognised by CASA 107
14.3 Qualifications 107
14.3.1 ATPLs 107
14.4 Aeronautical Experience 107
14.4.1 PPL & CPL 107
14.5 Definition of Pilot Non-Graduates 108
14.6 Screening Training at BFTS/1FTS 108
14.7 Qualifications 108
14.8 Aeronautical Experience 108
14.9 Flight Engineers 108
14.10 Qualifications of Other Non-pilot Graduates 108
14.11 Foreign Military Qualifications 108
14.12 Table of Conversion of Australian ADF Qualifications 109
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14.13 Requirements for the Issue of Operational Ratings 112
14.14 Method of Application for a CASR Part 61 Qualification 112
14.15 Verification of Aeronautical Experience 112
14.16 Medical Certificates 112
14.17 Recording of Civilian Aeronautical Experience 112
14.18 Table of Recognised Aircraft Ratings – Aeroplanes 113
14.19 Table of Recognised Aircraft Endorsements Helicopters 115
15 Flight Crew Examinations 116
15.1 Examinations Set by Approved Flying Schools 117
15.2 Examinations Set by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia 117
15.2.1 Flight Crew Licence & Rating exams 117
15.2.2 Re-prints of a Result Advice/Knowledge Deficiency Report (RA/KDR) 117
15.3 Candidate’s examinations history 117
15.4 Professional Examinations 118
15.4.1 Flight Crew Licence exam information 118
15.4.2 PEXO Exam Locations 118
15.4.3 How Long are Examination Credits Valid? 119
15.4.4 Examination Prerequisites 120
15.4.5 Overseas Licence Conversion – Examination Requirements 121
15.5 Application Process 123
15.5.1 Change of Category Examinations – Aeroplane to Helicopter or vice versa 123
15.6 CASA Examination Policy – CASR 141 & 142 Operators 123
15.6.1 Overview 123
15.6.2 Permission to Conduct Examinations 123
15.6.3 Examination Room Requirements 125
15.6.4 Conduct of Examinations Overseas 125
15.7 History of FCL Examinations 126
15.7.1 Private Pilot Licence 126
15.7.2 Commercial Pilot Licence 128
15.7.3 Air Transport Pilot Licence 132
16 Form Index for CASR Part 61 135
16.1 Table of CASR Part 61 Forms 136
17 Part 61 Licence Entry Guidance (Issue and Revalidation) 138
17.1 Introduction 138
17.1.1 Purpose 138
17.1.2 General Instructions for making entries 138
17.1.3 Making entries for the issue of qualifications 140
17.2 Personnel authorised to enter qualifications in the CASR Part 61 licence 141
17.3 General instructions for issuing qualifications 141
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17.4 General information for revalidation of qualifications 141
17.5 Entries showing the initial issue of qualifications 142
17.5.1 Design feature endorsements (61.L.5) 142
17.5.2 Flight activity endorsements (61.S) 144
17.5.3 Recreational pilot licence endorsements (61.G.2) 146
17.6 Operational Ratings 147
17.6.1 Instrument Rating (61.M) 147
17.6.2 Flight Instructor Rating (61.T) 147
17.6.3 Night VFR Rating (61.O) 149
17.6.4 Private Instrument Rating (61.N) 149
17.6.5 Aerial Application Rating (61.R) 150
17.6.6 Low Level Rating (61.Q) 150
17.6.7 Night vision imaging system rating (61.P) 151
17.6.8 Flight examiner rating (61.U) 151
17.6.9 Aircraft category class and type ratings (61.L.3 / 61.L.5) 151
17.7 Aeroplane ratings 151
17.7.1 Issuing an aeroplane class rating 152
17.7.2 Issuing an aeroplane type rating 152
17.8 Helicopter Ratings 153
17.8.1 Issuing a helicopter class rating 153
17.8.2 Issuing a helicopter type rating 153
17.9 Entries for revalidation of qualifications 153
17.9.1 Operational ratings (requiring proficiency checks) 153
17.9.2 Instrument rating (12 months) 153
17.9.3 Flight instructor rating (includes simulator instructor) (24 months) 154
17.9.4 Aerial application rating (12 months) 154
17.9.5 Night vision imaging system rating (12 months) 154
17.9.6 Flight Examiner Rating (CASA only) 154
17.10 Operational ratings (requiring flight reviews) 155
17.10.1 Night VFR rating (24 months) 155
17.10.2 Low level rating (24 months) 155
17.10.3 Private instrument rating (24 months) 155
17.11 Aircraft category ratings (requiring flight reviews) 156
17.11.1 Single-engine aeroplane class 156
17.11.2 Multi-engine aeroplane class 156
17.11.3 Aeroplane type ratings 156
17.11.4 Single-engine helicopter class 156
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17.11.5 Helicopter type 156
18 Table of Licence Entry Abbreviations 157
19 Summary Table of Flight Review and Proficiency Check Requirements 160
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Glossary
Acronyms and abbreviations
Acronym / abbreviation Description
CASA Civil Aviation Safety Authority
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation
CAR Civil Aviation Regulations
CoV Certificate of Validation
PPL Private Pilot Licence
RPL Recreational Pilot Licence
CPL Commercial Pilot Licence
MPL Multi-Crew Pilot Licence
ATPL Air Transport Pilot Licence
TTMRA Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Agreement
BFTS/1FTS Basic Flight Training School/ 1st Flight Training School
ADF Australian Defence Force
PEXO Pilot Examination Office
FCL Flight Crew Licence
CLARC CASA Licensing and Registration Centre
LARP Licencing, Aircraft Registration and Publications
CAA Civil Aviation Act
CAAPs Civil Aviation Advisory Publications
Reference material
Document type Title
Legislation Civil Aviation Act
Regulation Civil Aviation Safety Regulations
Standards ICAO Annexes
Legislation Privacy Act
Legislation Freedom of Information Act
Legislation Archives Act
Legislation Part 61 Manual of Standards
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Forms
Form no. Title
61-1RE Certificate of Completion Recreational Pilot Licence Endorsement
61-PLA Pilot Licence Australian Civil Trained
61-1AA Air Transport Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) Application Australian Civil Trained
61-1AH Air Transport Pilot Licence (Helicopter) Application Australian Civil Trained
61-1MPL Multi-crew Pilot Licence Australian Civil Trained
61-1ADF Flight Crew Licence Application on the Basis of ADF Qualifications
61-2I Notification of Issue of an Operational Rating
61-2P Notification of Proficiency Check on Operational Rating
61-2AE Notification of Addition of an Endorsement to an Existing Operational Rating
61-2ADF Notification of Issue of CASR Part 61 Instrument/Instructor rating for ADF
61-3CT Notification of Issue of Aircraft Category Class / Type Rating on an Existing Licence
61-3DF Notification of Issue of Part 61 Design Feature
61-4A Overseas licence holders applying for a CASA flight crew licence – Part A
61-4B Overseas licence holders applying for a CASA flight crew licence – Part B
61-4CT Aircraft class or type rating on basis of overseas qualifications
61-4COV Application for a Certificate of Validation
61-4P Notification of an Instrument Proficiency Check Partially Conducted by a Foreign
Authorised Person
61-9FA Notification of Issue of Part 61 Flight Activity
61-9FR Notification of Flight Review
61-9TX Recognition and Transfer of CAR 5 Qualifications under CASR Part 61
61-9PIC Lodgement of Current Photo with CASA
61-9R Request for a Licence Reprint Flight Crew Licence
64-ROC Aeronautical Radio Operator Certificate
61-9ELP English Language Assessment Notice
61-9ELP General English Language Proficiency Notice
Form 1162 Application for an Aviation Reference Number (ARN)
Form 639 Flight Crew Photo ID/Student Pilot Licence Application
Form 889 ARN/Student/Photo Pilot Licence And Identification Checklist
Form 971 Application for Flight Instructor Rating— Balloons
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Revision history
Revisions to this Standard Operating Procedure are recorded below in order of most recent
first.
Version no. Date Parts / sections Details
17.2 August 2023 Section 11.2, Clarification wording for certificate of
11.6.1, 11.6.4, validation, verification of overseas
12.1.6, 14.12 licenses and updates to table of
conversions for ADF qualifications.
Section 17.10 Changed ‘Valid to’ date to two years to
the day.
17.1 May 2023 Section 7.3.2.1 Added section on CPL-H granted under
CASR 61.615(1B)
16.3 March 2023 Section 3.6.2 Added
Section 14 ADF Reviewed and updated
16.2 October 2022 All Updated Links
Section 17.11.5 Updated template
Removed Multi-Engine Helicopter Class
Full Content review
16.1 October 2021 Section 17.1.2 Revised and update
Section 17.5.1
Removal of Formation Aerobatics
Section 17.6.1.1
Removal of note referencing IPC entry
to be followed by class or type rating
12.2 February 2020 Section 14.2.2 Removed Adjustment of Flight Time for
ADF Pilots
12.1 September 2019 Section 17.5.4.3 Updated Prerequisites
Section 17.5.4.4
Section 17.5.4.6
12.0 July 2019 All Chapters reviewed for quality and
revised for end of CASR 61 transitional
amendments
11.0 February 2018 Paragraph 11.5.1 Reserving the paragraph until the
Executive proposal is finalised
10.0 July 2017 Section 15.4 Removal of note referencing obsolete
Senior Commercial Pilot Licence
9.0 June 2016 All Addition of Section 15.9 CASA
Examination Policy – CASR Part 141
and 142 Operators
Incorporate regulatory changes that
have occurred to CASR Part 61 since
implementation in September 2014
8.0 September 2014 All Revised for inclusion of Part 61
regulatory reforms
7.2 November 2010 Table on Contents Added Preface
7.1 July 2010 Section 3.11 Updated Prerequisites
7.0 October 2008 Chapters 1, 3, 5, 6, Chapters revised and updated
9, 18
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Version no. Date Parts / sections Details
6.5 April 2008 Section 17.2.1 Update to CAAP 5.23-2(0)
6.4 November 2007 Section 14.5 New bullet point regarding requirements
Section 17.2.8 for pre-issue of logbook added to Para
1
Requirements for SPL holders to have
class endorsement in logbooks added
6.3 September 2007 Section 10.1 Address details updated and
Section 14.4.1 responsibilities defined
Acceptable means of compliance in
respect of standard applying to
crosswind inserted
6.2 August 2007 Section 14.4.1 Changed last para – cross wind test
Section 17.8 requirement.
Introduced new section 17.8 – Night
Vision Goggles (NVG) – Helicopter
Endorsements.
6.1 December 2006 Complete Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8 revised
reissue New extensively to introduce:
Change from LARP to AIRS and
Chapters 11 to
Chapter 7 renamed as AIRS User
26 Procedures.
introduced Removal of ALO and transfer of ALO’s
duties to FCL
CLARC.
References to Area Office changed to
Field Office.
The sponsor’s title updated throughout
the manual.
FCL-Delegates Handbook incorporated
into the FCL Manual resulting in the
addition of new chapters 11 to 26.
Previous Chapter 11 Terms and
Abbreviations renumbered as Chapter
27.
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Version no. Date Parts / sections Details
6.0 November 2004 Complete Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8 revised
reissue extensively, particularly Chapter 7 –
previously LARP User
Procedures, now converted to Current
Aircraft Codes with the LARP
information removed and made into a
new manual, FCL LARP User
Procedures Manual and moved to
CASAconnect.
In Chapter 3, a new section (3.11)
Unmanned Aerial
Vehicle Controller Certificate
introduced, and remaining Sections of
the chapter renumbered.
In Chapter 4, logbook insert pages in
section 4.6
Changed.
Forms 1162 and 738 changed
completely.
Form 639 Flight Crew Photo ID/Student
Pilot Licence Application (new form)
introduced to provide for application of
Photo ID in licences.
5.0 April 2003 Complete reissue
New issue of manual. New form – Form
899
ARN/Student/Photo Pilot Licence And
Identification Checklist.
4.1 July 2000 Revision History
New form – Form 971 Application for
only
Flight Instructor Rating— Balloons.
Apart from the changes to the Revision
History, no further changes to the
manual.
4.0 August 1999 All
Online version of the Flight Crew
Licensing Manual
Minor changes to Part 8 –
Administration
3.0 August 1995 Complete reissue
Replaces previous version of the CAA
Flight Crew Licensing Procedures
Manual
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1 Overview of Licensing
1.1 Foreword
The Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia (CASA), under the Civil Aviation Act 1988, is
responsible for the regulation of civilian air operations in Australian Territory and the operation
of Australian aircraft outside Australian Territory. Part of this responsibility is the task of
issuing certificates, licences, registrations and permits, which include ensuring persons
operating aircraft in the capacity of flight crew, are qualified to do so.
The purpose of the Flight Crew Licensing Procedures is to provide stakeholders involved in
issuing flight crew qualifications with the required understanding of regulations that govern the
issue of such qualifications and with an understanding of their responsibilities for ensuring
these regulations are adhered to.
It provides them with reference information they need to process licensing applications
consistently.
As readers’ familiarity with licensing matters varies, the manual has been written to ensure
that all staff, regardless of their level of experience, has information they need to complete
their tasks competently and efficiently.
Amendments to the manual are the responsibility of the Section Head, Specialist Services,
based in Canberra. Staff should forward advice of errors, inconsistencies or suggestions for
improvement to that officer.
1.2 What is Flight Crew Licencing
The flight crews discussed in the Flight Crew Licensing Procedures are pilots and flight
engineers.
In terms of policy, flight crew licensing is one of the means CASA uses to maintain the safety
of air travel and airspace both for members of the aviation industry and the general public.
The licensing system ensures that all civilian pilots and flight engineers are properly trained
and proficient. This is achieved by:
• requiring anyone who wishes to perform any duty essential to the operation of an
Australian aircraft during flight to hold an appropriate permit or authorisation
• controlling the qualifications pilots and flight engineers must have before they are
permitted to operate an aircraft
• controlling who may train and test the proficiency of pilots and flight engineers to
ensure they meet the required standards.
In terms of procedures, flight crew licensing refers to the system of issuing, renewing and
recording the documents that permit or authorise flight crew to operate Australian registered
aircraft.
1.3 Types of Flight Crew Qualifications
The permits or authorisations issued by CASA to licence flight crew fall into three (3) groups.
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1. Licence - A document issued by CASA that indicates privileges a holder is authorised to
exercise
2. Rating - An authorisation entered on or associated with a licence and forming part thereof,
stating special conditions, privileges or limitations pertaining to such licence.
3. Endorsement – An additional qualification which extends the privileges of an aircraft rating
of the licence holder.
Notes:
A licence can mean any of the following:
a. Pilot Licence being any of:
i. Recreational
ii. Private
iii. Commercial
iv. Multi Crew
v. Air transport
vi. Flight Engineer Licence
vii. Glider Pilot Licence
b. A rating can mean any of the following:
i. Aircraft category rating
ii. Aircraft class or type rating
iii. Operational rating
c. An endorsement can mean any of the following:
i. Design feature
ii. Flight activity
iii. An endorsement on an operational rating
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1.4 Overview of Client Services Centre
The area of CASA responsible for flight crew licensing is Flight Crew Licensing Specialist and
Client Services teams in the Client Services Centre (CSC) branch. The branch is located in
Canberra and comprises of two main streams - Specialist Services and Client Services
streams.
1.4.1 Specialist Services Stream
The Specialist Services Stream includes the Flying Operations and Licensing, Aircraft
Registrar and Maintenance Personnel Licensing teams. The Flying Operations and Licensing
team is responsible for technical support to the Flying Operations Section, FCL procedures,
providing advice to industry, CASA officers and other Civil Aviation Authorities, overseeing
contracts for examination delivery, supporting the PEXO Exam System and managing special
cases of licence suspensions and cancellations.
1.4.2 Client Services Stream
The Client Services Stream includes the Flying Operations and Licensing, Aviation Medicine,
Airworthiness and Aircraft Registration teams. The Flying Operations and Licensing team is
responsible for centralised licensing for flight crew, Aviation Reference Numbers (ARNs) and
Aviation Security Identification Cards (AVID).
CSC is responsible in Aviation Medicine for delivering medical certification services,
appointing Designated Aviation Medical Examiners (DAME) and maintaining a DAME
database, developing and maintaining standards and advisory material (DAME Handbook),
issuing policy advice on medical matters and researching and analysing the medical
database.
CSC is responsible in Maintenance Personnel Licensing or undertaking licensing and
approval entry control and renewal functions, developing and delivering examinations
nationwide and providing advice to industry, CASA officers, and other National Aviation
Authority (NAAs) personnel.
CSC is responsible in Aircraft Registration for developing and maintaining standards and
advisory materials, administering the Australian Civil Aircraft Register - Parts 45, 47 and 13,
overseeing the GFA register and administering certification and continuing airworthiness data.
1.4.3 Flight Operations and Licensing Teams
The Flight Operations and Licensing Specialist team is responsible for:
▪ providing CSC and other CASA staff with advice about licensing procedures and
administration,
▪ providing training in flight crew licensing in complex applications to new
administrative staff, if required,
▪ co-Ordinated enforcement procedures,
▪ audit of examination centres,
▪ review process and procedures,
▪ investigate complaints and other reports pertaining to FCL which are not limited to
licensing and aeronautical examinations,
▪ make assessments and recommendations in relation to standards for flight crew
examinations and compliance with ICAO Standards on English language
proficiency for holders of Australian flight crew licences,
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▪ provides input and advice with difficult and/or complex flight crew licensing issues
affecting the Australian aviation industry and CASA,
1.4.4 Flying Operations and Licensing Client Services team is
responsible for:
▪ improving the delivery of a range of services to people in the aviation industry.
▪ all flight crew licensing services,
▪ issue of Aviation Reference Numbers (ARNs),
▪ receiving and processing application forms that have been lodged directly with
CSC. All licences are issued from the centre,
▪ delivering a better and more consistent service to the aviation industry.
1.4.5 Keeping Records
CASA maintains records of all flight crew licences issued and examination passes, except for
examinations set by industry (Pre-solo and Pre-area solo Air Legislation and BAK).
CSC is responsible for the overall coordination and maintenance of information entered onto
Enterprise Aviation Processing (EAP) system and its interface with other relevant data
systems such as the database for medical information and flight crew theory exams (PEXO).
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2 Legislation Governing Flight Crew Licensing
2.1 Legislation that empowers CASA to regulate Flight Crew
Licensing
This section describes the legislative framework that enables Civil Aviation Safety Authority
Australia (CASA) to regulate flight crew licensing.
2.1.1 Civil Aviation Act
The Civil Aviation Act 1988 is the principal piece of legislation governing aviation in Australia.
It specifies the conventions and agreements relating to international civil aviation and the
functions of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia. It gives the Authority powers to
regulate the safety of civil aviation operations in Australia. Among these powers is the
authority to regulate flight crew.
2.1.2 Civil Aviation Safety Regulations
The Civil Aviation Act empowers the Governor-General to make regulations. Regulations state
the more detailed requirements that persons must comply with.
Regulations have three important aspects in relation to flight crew licensing. They enable the
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia to:
▪ make Orders for remaining CAR Part 5 regulations relating to flight crew licensing
▪ specify the requirements for issue and maintenance of flight crew qualifications in
the CASR Part 61 Manual of Standards.
▪ identify and enforce breaches of the regulations.
2.1.3 Civil Aviation Advisory Publications
CASA issues Civil Aviation Advisory Publications (CAAPs) to explain in simple language why
a regulation or order is required and actions the industry can take to comply with it. For
example, both the pilot in command of an aircraft and the operator are required to take
reasonable steps to ensure that the aircraft is carrying sufficient fuel to enable the flight to be
undertaken safely. To help ensure compliance with the regulation, a CAAP has been
produced that provides guidance on how to calculate fuel requirements under different
circumstances. The content of the CAAP is advisory only and provides one method of
ensuring compliance with the regulations.
2.1.4 ICAO
ICAO sets standards and recommended practices applicable to flight crew licences.
Australian licences largely comply with ICAO Annex 1 standards. However, there are some
differences that CASA has notified to ICAO and these are listed on the Australian Flight Crew
Licenses and ICAO Differences page on the CASA website. The website lists the more
important pilot licence differences for the information of Australian pilots operating overseas
and to assist overseas licensing authorities in recognition of Australian flight crew
qualifications. Some of the differences are also printed on the flight crew licence.
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2.1.5 Privacy Act
The Privacy Act 1988 establishes the Information Privacy Principles which apply to the
collection, storage, use and security of “personal information” by Commonwealth authorities,
including CASA.
2.1.6 Freedom of Information Act
The Freedom of Information Act 1982 (FOI Act) creates a legally enforceable right of public
access to documents held by Commonwealth authorities, including CASA.
2.1.7 Archives Act
The Archives Act 1983 specifies how long records kept by Commonwealth departments are
retained, how they are destroyed and who is responsible for their retention or destruction.
The Act applies to the personal history files and Company Operations Manuals of flight crew.
In most cases, these records are either:
▪ transferred to Archives if no new information has been added to them for at least
five years; or
▪ may be destroyed “80 years after date of birth of the licence holder”.
2.2 Instruments of Delegation and Approval
Instruments of delegation or approval are the legal mechanism whereby CASA transfers the
right to exercise the powers to another individual or organisation. The delegation or approval
is tied to the function to be performed.
Instruments of delegation and approval are used to:
▪ remove the need for Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia staff to deal with
routine matters when they can be handled more efficiently by the aviation industry
▪ enable Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia staff and certain other members of
the aviation industry to make decisions more quickly by reducing the need to refer
a matter to a more senior officer or a higher authority
▪ ensure that decisions are made only by those persons deemed competent to do so
2.2.1 Instruments of Delegation
A delegation is a legal mechanism whereby an individual or body possessing legal powers
transfers the right to exercise any or all of those powers to another person or body. CASR
Part 11.260 provides the regulatory mechanism for the issue of delegations.
2.2.2 Instrument of Approval
An instrument of approval is issued when the CARs or CASRs permit CASA to approve a
person to perform a particular function. For example, for the issue of a balloon category
qualification CAR 5.20 (see note) allows “the Authority to approve a person to conduct flying
training for a balloon flight crew rating”. The Director does not need to sign Instruments of
Approval. They can be signed by a delegate under CAR 5.20.
Note: CARs and CAOs specifically relating to Balloons will remain after the introduction of
CASR Part 61
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2.2.3 Who is appointed as a Delegate or Authorised Person?
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia staff members with the appropriate expertise may be
appointed as delegated or authorised persons.
2.2.4 Responsibilities of a Delegation or Authorisation
Delegates or authorised persons are required to use their professional judgment when
exercising powers. To arrive at decisions, they must take into account all pertinent factors,
including the policy of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia. However, they cannot be
directed or instructed by other persons to come to a particular conclusion or to decide matters
in a particular way.
When industry delegates act, they do so as the Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia—that
is, they are the Authority for the purposes of that function. Their decisions carry the same
authority and liability as decisions made by Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia delegates.
More information about delegations and processes for approving delegates is available in the
Industry Delegates and Authorised Persons Management Manual, covering:
▪ the definition of a delegation
▪ how a person becomes a delegate
▪ the powers a delegate can exercise and the authority that is retained by the Civil
Aviation Safety Authority Australia
▪ the limitations that are placed on a delegate’s discretion to act
▪ how a delegate may exercise his or her delegated powers
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3 Issuing Licence’s and their Associated Aircraft Category
Rating
3.1 Overview of suite of Flight Crew Licencing Regulations
Part 61 of the CASR establishes a framework that sets out the requirements and standards for
the grant of flight crew (pilot and flight engineer) licences, ratings (e.g., the authority to fly a
specific Class and Type Rated aircraft) and endorsements (e.g., to do aerobatics or fly in
formation). This Part consolidates and replaces the existing legislation for flight crew licences
specified in Part 5 of the CARs and a number of the Civil Aviation Orders (CAO), except for
balloon licences, which will be transferred to the CASR at a later date.
Part 61 contains the new requirement for a low level flight crew rating for pilots who need to fly
less than 500 ft above ground level. As regulation 157 of the CAR will remain in effect until
CASR Part 91 commences, transitional arrangements will be utilised. CASA intends to issue a
general exemption from paragraph 157(1) (b) under CASR Part 11 to pilots who have been
issued a low level rating under Part 61. To ensure safety is maintained, this exemption will be
subject to conditions that the pilot conducts the flight in accordance with the requirements
specified for exercising the privileges of the low level rating under Part 61 and that the
operation has been fully risk assessed prior to commencing and does not create undue
hazard to persons or facilities below the flight path of the aircraft.
Part 64 sets out regulatory arrangements for authorisations for ground personnel (i.e. non-
pilots) to operate radios and taxi aeroplanes. This Part replaces provisions in Part 8 of the
CASR and CAO 20.22, generally maintaining but simplifying previous requirements.
Parts 141 and 142 outline approvals and regulatory requirements for flight training
organisations that provide training for flight crew licences using aircraft and flight simulation
training devices. Under previous requirements, all flight training organisations required an Air
Operator’s Certificate (AOC) issued under the Act, except for specified ratings and
endorsements on flight crew licences, the training for which could be provided by
organisations or persons not having an AOC. The providers of flight training using flight
simulators required an approval under CASR Part 60.
Under the new arrangements, all flight training except for certain endorsements must be
conducted through a Part 141 or Part 142 organisation. Part 141 provides for Part 141
Certificates to be issued to organisations providing flight crew training for single-pilot
certificated aircraft. Part 142 provides for an AOC to be issued to organisations providing flight
crew training for multi-crew certificated aircraft. Both parts 141 and 142 also require the
training organisation to develop and comply with an ‘exposition’ that is a collection of
documents that sets out the organisation’s structure, training activities, management systems,
training plans and procedures. Training organisations are also required to implement either a
safety management system and have a Safety Manager (for aircraft operators) or a quality
assurance management system and a Quality Assurance Manager (for training organisations
using only flight simulation training devices). The publication of advisory material, sample
expositions and safety management systems, and information technology tools will assist
industry to meet the requirements of Part 141 and 142.
CASR Parts that make up the Licensing Suite:
▪ Part 61: Flight Crew Licensing
▪ Part 64: Authorisations for non-licensed personnel (Ground Crew)
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▪ Part 141: Recreational, private and commercial pilot flight training other than
certain integrated training courses
▪ Part 142: Integrated and multi-crew pilot flight training, contracted recurrent training
and contracted checking
3.2 The Licencing Process
3.2.1 Method of Issue and Validity
Competency for the issue of a pilot licence, endorsement or rating is measured through
examinations of theoretical knowledge and practical assessments to determine the level of a
person's skill and knowledge following training and the accumulation of experience (i.e.
aeronautical experience) as well as medical examinations to assess a person's medical
fitness to hold the licence. A limited number of theory and medical examinations are
conducted by the aviation industry or General (Medical) Practitioners on CASA's behalf.
Once issued, a flight crew licence and the ratings contained on that licence are perpetually
valid. However, the licence holder is required to undergo periodic flight reviews and
proficiency checks along with the required medical for the level of licence held to maintain all
the privileges a qualification provides.
3.2.2 General Administration – Policy
This section provides stakeholders:
▪ with general policy required for the issue of flight crew licences with the associated
category rating/s.
▪ provides the policy for replacing, cancelling, and suspending a licence
Note: Under CASR Part 61, CASA only issues a licence and the associated category
rating. Most other qualifications are issued by industry (with exception of flight examiner
qualifications) and CAS is simply notified of the issue (unless the qualification is based off
an Overseas flight crew authorisation 61.275 or Australian Defence Force qualifications
61.285; then 61.150 (8) applies)
However, CASA does “process” the notification by entering the details into the FCL system
3.2.3 Eligible Flight Crew Licence Applicants
Eligible applicants for Australian flight crew licences can be divided into three main groups:
▪ Australian residents and overseas applicants with no licence
▪ Australian defence force qualified pilot applicants who graduated from a
recognised Australian Defence Force course (See: Chapter 14)
▪ Overseas qualified pilot applicants (from recognised ICAO state) wishing to fly
Australian-registered aircraft in Australia or overseas (See: Chapter 12 (other than
New Zealand) or Chapter 13 (New Zealand).
An Applicant for Australian Flight Crew Licence must:
1. be competent in Aviation English Language to at least level 4
2. be qualified to hold the licence, that is:
a. passed all the theory and practical training requirements and,
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b. have the required aeronautical experience and,
c. passed a flight test for the licence and associated aircraft category rating
3. hold a current medical applicable to the level of licence sought
4. be a fit and proper person
5. pass an aviation security status check
6. submit all the required documentation providing evidence they are qualified
7. pay the application fee for the licence.
Applications for a flight crew licence must be made by completing and submitting by electronic
or other means the required documentation:
▪ submitting the relevant application form(s) available from the CASA website
▪ a Flight Examiner must complete and submit flight test report indicating a pass
along with the examination result advice, Knowledge Deficiency Report (KDR) and
any previous fail flight test reports to CASA.
▪ applications must be made on the relevant form to ensure all the required
information is provided and to assist CASA to process the application. For RPL,
PPL, CPL and ATPL licences, the flight test report is entered on the respective
application form.
All flight crew licence applications are assessed in CSC Canberra.
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3.3 History of Licence Styles
3.3.1 Current Book Style
Licences issued after April 2001 are in a new booklet style to comply with ICAO requirements
and allow for easier recognition of Flight Crew Qualifications overseas.
The new CASR Part 61 format details all licences, qualifications and ratings held by the
licence holder and removes the need for a separate Record of Flight Crew Qualifications
(RFCQ) to accompany the licence.
The licences can be reprinted each time a new licence, endorsement or rating is added or
renewed and replaces the previous licence in full. However, this is not required in order to use
the licence, as it is only a record of the qualifications held. Medical Certificates are placed in
the back of the folder and are also replaced in full when a new Certificate is received after
each medical examination.
Licence prints can be requested at any time in writing to CSC.
3.3.2 Plastic Card Style
Licences issued between April 1992 and March 2001 were in the form of a plastic card, similar
to a credit card. This show only the highest licence held by the pilot for each aircraft category
and remain a valid licence for use in Australia but are not suitable for overseas use as they
are not ICAO compliant.
Records of Flight Crew Qualifications (RFCQ) to accompany the plastic card licence are no
longer available and are replaced by the new book style licence
3.3.3 Paper Dockets Style
A few licences, such as Student Pilot Licences, were issued by industry delegates and Flying
Schools as a paper docket. CASR Part 61 regulation has removed the Student Pilot Licence
requirement.
3.3.4 ‘Old’ Book Style
The ‘old’ book style licences issued before April 1992 can no longer be used to exercise the
pilot privileges.
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3.4 CSC Assessment Procedures
CSC staff follow the documented procedures in the CSC Work Instruction Manual for the
processing, assessment, and issue of all applications for flight crew licences and associated
ratings and endorsements.
A CASA checklist is used by staff to ensure all aspects related to the application are covered.
This checklist is filed as a permanent record of the assessment process and the result.
In summary the assessment of an application for a flight crew licence includes:
1. logging receipt of the application
2. checking applicant has an ARN.
3. checking the form is completed correctly and all required additional documents are
attached to the application form
4. checking the applicant is qualified to be issued a licence including:
▪ aviation security status check
▪ holds required medical status at the time of the flight test
▪ aeronautical knowledge requirements
▪ minimum aeronautical experience
▪ Aviation English Language Proficiency Level 4 or higher
▪ passed a flight test
5. checking that the Head of Operations and Flight Examiner are appropriately authorised
6. entering all details into the CASA database
7. issuing and printing the licence
8. sending the licence to the applicant
Note: All licences require an aviation security check and are not issued until a
successful security has been completed, along with an immigration check only if
applicable.
3.5 Issuing Flight Crew Licences
CSC may issue any FCL, Rating or Endorsement.
CSC may issue an overseas pilot a Certificate of Validation. There are special procedures for
issuing these are described in Chapter 12.
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3.6 Testing English Guidelines
All applicants for an Australian flight crew licence or certificate must have a satisfactory
standard of English to enable them to safely exercise the privileges of the licence or
certificate.
A person’s ability to satisfy this requirement is usually assessed during his or her training. The
CASR Part 61 Manual of Standards includes competency elements (To operate a Radio)
specifically designed to assess a person’s ability to communicate effectively with Air Traffic
Control (ATC), other pilots etc. during normal and emergency procedures.
For the issue of a Recreational Pilot Licence (RPL) the candidate must satisfy the General
English Language Proficiency (GELP) requirements as per the Part 61 Manual of Standards.
A RPL holder wishing to be issued a Recreational Pilot Licence Endorsement that requires
use of aeronautical radio must hold at least an AELP Level 4.
For the issue of a PPL, CPL, ATPL or CoV, the candidate must satisfy the requirements for
ICAO aviation English Language Proficiency (AELP) level 4 or higher. The required standards
for AELP are in the Manual of Standards. Some Flight Examiners and approved assessors
can issue AELP Level 6 however should an applicant be assessed as not meeting the Level 6
requirements, then they would need to be assessed at one of the approved language test
centres, see CASA web site.
Note: The Manual of Standards requirements for GELP include:
1. Pronounce words clearly, using an accent that does not cause difficulties in
understanding.
2. Convey information in clearly structured sentences without confusion or ambiguity.
3. Use extensive vocabulary to accurately communicate on general and technical topics,
without excessive use of jargon, slang or colloquial language.
4. Speak fluently without long pauses, repetition or excessive false starts.
5. Respond to communication with actions that demonstrate that the information has been
received and understood.
6. Exchange information clearly in a variety of situations with both expert and non-expert
7. English speakers while giving and receiving timely and appropriate responses.
8. Use appropriate techniques such as questioning, non-verbal communication and
paraphrasing to validate communications.
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3.6.1 Aviation English Language Proficiency and General English
Language Proficiency assessments.
Definitions:
AELP- Aviation English Language Proficiency
GELP- General English Language Proficiency
The following conditions apply to a person or entity that are authorised to conduct
AELP/GELP assessments:
1. The approved assessor must assess a candidate for an AELP assessment to the AELP
level 4, level 5, or level 6 standard (subject to individuals or entities authorisation) in
Schedule 8, Section 2 of the Part 61 MOS.
2. The approved assessor must assess a candidate for a GELP assessment to the GELP
standard in Schedule 2, Section 1 of the Part 61 MOS.
3. The approved assessor must only complete a GELP assessment for a candidate who
does not meet the GELP standards mentioned in Section 1 of Schedule 2 of the Part 61
MOS.
4. The approved assessor must:
a. conduct an AELP/GELP assessment in accordance with any instructions issued by
CASA; and
b. make an audio recording of the AELP/GELP assessment that accurately records the
candidate’s performance in the assessment; and
c. retain the original of the recording for a period of not less than 6 years after the date of
the AELP/GELP assessment; and
d. provide a copy of the recording to CASA if requested in writing by CASA; and
e. conduct the AELP/GELP assessment in a “face-to-face” capacity with the candidate,
unless otherwise specifically approved by CASA; and
f. within 7 days after conducting the AELP/GELP assessment, provide CASA with a
written report of the assessment using myCASA portal or form ‘Notification of English
Language Proficiency (61-9ELP)’, as appropriate.
Note: The forms are available on the CASA website.
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3.6.2 Aviation English Language Proficiency – Audit of Assessment
This section details the process for auditing AELP assessments. This ensures consistency of
the standard required for AELP level 4,5 or 6. Audits will be checked against Schedule 8,
Section 2 of the Part 61 Manual of Standards (MOS).
This section does not provide an exhaustive list of questions to identify all possible instances
of non-compliance that may be detected. Variations maybe applied depending on
circumstances.
Definitions:
CASA -Civil Aviation Safety Authority
AELP -Aviation English Language Proficiency
Aviation English language proficiency assessments:
(a) Level 6 – expert level;
(b) Level 5 – extended;
(c) Level 4 – operational.
ICAO -International Civil Aviation Organisation
MOS -Manual of standards
EAP -European Aviation Program
CASA approved Auditor- CASA employee nominated by the FCLSSS team leader
Reference material:
Legislation - Civil Aviation Act 1988
Legislation - Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 – Part 61 Legislation
Legislation - Part 61 Manual of Standards (MOS)
The Standard – Aviation English Language Proficiency Assessments
The following conditions apply to a person or entity that are authorised to conduct AELP
assessments:
1. The approved assessor must assess a candidate for an AELP assessment to the AELP
level 4, level 5, or level 6 standard (subject to individuals or entities authorisation) in
Schedule 8, Section 2 of the Part 61 MOS.
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Conditions AELP Assessors must adhere to
The approved assessor must:
1. Conduct an AELP assessment in accordance with any instructions issued by CASA.
2. Make an audio recording of the AELP assessment that accurately records the candidate’s
performance in the assessment.
3. Retain the original of the recording for a period of not less than 6 years after the date of
the AELP assessment.
4. Provide a copy of the recording to CASA if requested in writing by CASA.
5. Conduct the AELP/GELP assessment in a “face-to-face” capacity with the candidate,
unless otherwise specifically approved by CASA.
6. Within 7 days after conducting the AELP assessment, provide CASA with a written report
of the assessment using myCASA portal or form ‘Notification of English Language
Proficiency (61-9ELP)’, as appropriate.
Note: The forms are available on the CASA website.
The Audit Process
1. Audit required on AELP assessments conducted (every 12 months or as required by
CASA FCLSSS TL).
2. A minimum of two CASA approved persons assigned to the audit.
3. Plan and Identify scope of audit.
4. Conduct audit.
5. Report findings.
6. Corrective action.
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3.7 Aviation Security Status Checks
Since December 2003, the Federal Government announced that all applicants for pilot
licences (including CoV) and all existing pilots will be subjected to an aviation security status
checks (ASSC).
1. Aviation Security Status Check
a. The Aviation Transport Security Regulations 2005 provide the framework for
carrying out ASSC:
b. The regulations, in effect, mean that CASA now wait for the ASSC to be
completed before issuing a flight crew licence.
c. The timeframe required to process a licence and to carry out the required
checks may vary.
The coordination of ASSC and issue of licences is carried out by CSC. Details of an applicant
are sent to government agencies for checking. Information is taken from the ASIC, or AVID
application.
If one of the agencies is concerned about a particular applicant, the agency notifies the
Secretary of the Department of Transport and Regional Services. It is up to the Secretary to
decide whether the applicant has an adverse aviation security assessment.
If the Secretary decides that a person has an adverse aviation security assessment, the
person is not eligible for the issue of a flight crew licence.
The following individuals need to undergo proof of identity and ASSC:
a. applicants who are applying for an Australian professional Flight Crew
License under the provisions of the Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Act
1997 (TTMRA)
b. applicants who are applying for an Australian Flight Crew Licence for the first
time including overseas and ADF conversions.
3.8 Flight Reviews
One of the requirements to exercise the privileges of the licence is for a flight review to be
undertaken in the two years preceding the proposed flight. The review must be completed by
an authorised person under CASR 61.400 that authorises him or her to conduct flight reviews.
The review is a cooperative endeavour between instructor and pilot, which is intended to
provide the pilot with a periodic assessment of his or her flying knowledge and skills, and to
determine if there has been deterioration in areas that may reasonably affect safety. It is not a
test, but a review during which flight instruction may be given to improve the pilot's
performance.
If a pilot satisfactorily completes the flight review, the person conducting the review must
make an entry in the person’s licence. A pilot who has not completed a flight review within the
preceding 24 months, or any proficiency that satisfies the requirement, must not exercise the
privileges of their aircraft class or pilot type rating.
See CASR 61.745 Limitations on exercise of privileges of aircraft class ratings – Flight
Review.
See CASR 61.800 Limitations on exercise of privileges of pilot type ratings – Flight Review.
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3.9 Schedule of Fees
The Schedule of Fees is a document produced by the CASA’s Finance Branch and is
distributed to branches within CASA after they are revised. The Schedule lists all the
scheduled services requested by the industry, including the relevant fee CASA is required to
charge for that service—that is, fixed rate or hourly rate.
3.10 Expired Licenses
When the CAA was formed in 1988 the provisions of the Air Navigation Regulations (ANRs)
were repealed and re-enacted as the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 (CARs) that dealt with
legislative matters, including flight crew licences.
Similarly, provisions relating to perpetual licences that were enacted in 1990 (see Statutory
Rules Number 216 of 1990) did not have any effect on a licence that was not in force at the
time. The Statutory Rules contained a savings provision to convert licences which had been
issued under Part V of the CARs, but this did not include licences that had expired prior to this
legislative conversion in 1990.
Therefore, a pilot with an expired licence wishing to take up flying again will need to request
the re-issue of a new flight crew licence. The pilot may apply in writing and a flight crew
licence reflecting the perpetual status of the licence will be sent to the pilot or provide
evidence acceptable to CASA that the old licence is stamped ‘PERPETUAL’. The pilot may
not exercise the privileges of the licence until the new licence has been issued and conducted
required flight review or proficiency check.
3.11 Refusal to Issue Flight Crew Licences
If a licence is being refused, the applicant must be notified in writing outlining the reasons.
Note: Refer to CASR Part 11 for further information regarding CASA regulatory administrative
processes.
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4 Issuing Aircraft Category Class and Type Ratings
4.1 Overview
With the introduction of CASR Part 61 several key changes are in place with regards to the
structure of qualifications related to the issuing of and maintenance of privileges required to
operate aircraft.
Qualifications issued under CAR Part 5 was on the basis of specific aircraft endorsements e.g.
B737 300-900, Beechcraft Baron or a group of aircraft under the one class endorsement, such
as “Single engine aircraft under 5700kg”.
Under Part 61 qualifications are now issued on the basis of Class and Type Ratings for each
aircraft category, the following table shows a comparison between the two sets of regulations
regarding aircraft qualifications:
CASR Part 61 is accompanied by a legislative instrument “’Prescription of Aircraft and
Ratings’” which specifies aircraft covered by type ratings and other aircraft which are covered
by an aeroplane or helicopter class rating but because of their complexity or handling
characteristics are subject to conditions with regards to training and flight review. Please
ensure that you have the latest edition of this instrument.
Under CASR Part 61 an aircraft category rating is issued at the same time a licence is issued
or if a level of licence is already held the new category rating is issued onto the licence;
however, the applicant must meet the requirements for the grant of the level licence for the
new category. That is a PPL Licence with an aeroplane category rating has a helicopter
category added to the existing PPL, the applicant must meet the requirements for the PPL
helicopter licence level.
A category rating issued will be for either a class or type rating however for an aeroplane
recreational pilot licence level only a single engine aeroplane or helicopter class rating can be
issued.
From private pilot licence level up there are no restrictions as to the class or type rating a
licence holder can hold.
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4.2 Aircraft Category Qualification Structure
4.2.1 Aeroplane Category Qualifications
1. Single Engine Aeroplane Class Rating
2. Multi Engine Aeroplane Class Rating
3. Aeroplane Type Rating issued as a specific type rating
Notes:
a. Multi Engine Centreline Thrust aircraft are grouped in the Single Engine
Aeroplane Class Rating
b. Current light multi-engine endorsements are now grouped into the multi-
engine class rating. “light twin” endorsements such as B58, PA31 etc. will no
longer appear on a CASR 61 licence document.
c. Type Rating can be for either multi crew or single pilot certified aircraft. Type
Ratings are listed in the latest edition of the ’Prescription of Aircraft and
Ratings’.
4.2.2 Helicopter Category Qualifications
1. Single Engine Helicopter Class Rating
2. Helicopter Type Rating
4.2.3 Gyroplane Category Qualifications
1. Single Engine Gyroplane Class Rating
4.2.4 Airship Category Qualifications
There are no classes prescribed under Part 61 for the Airship Category.
4.2.5 Powered Lift Category Qualifications
There are no classes prescribed under Part 61 for the Powered Lift Category
Note: An initial issue pilot licence cannot be issued without a category rating. The category
rating must be issued at the same time as the licence. For an existing level of licence for
which a new category rating is issued the applicant must meet the requirements for the issue
of that level of licence for the category rating.
E.g.: If adding a helicopter category onto an existing PPL licence issued with an aeroplane
category rating, the applicant still must meet the requirements for the helicopter category
rating as if it was an initial issue for that level of licence.
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4.2.6 Aircraft Design Feature Endorsements
CASR Part 61 requires a licence holder has the aircraft design feature endorsement on their
licence to operate an aircraft with that design feature.
Design Feature endorsements can be issued by an appropriately qualified flight instructor.
The following list of design feature endorsements required under CASR Part 61 are:
1. The following design features on an aeroplane require a design feature endorsement:
▪ tailwheel undercarriage.
▪ retractable undercarriage.
▪ manual propeller pitch control (piston engine).
▪ gas turbine engine.
▪ multi-engine centreline thrust.
▪ pressurisation system.
▪ floatplane.
▪ floating hull.
▪ ski landing gear.
2. The following design features on a helicopter require a design feature endorsement:
▪ float alighting gear.
▪ retractable undercarriage.
▪ gas turbine engine.
3. The following design features on a gyroplane require a design feature endorsement:
▪ retractable undercarriage.
▪ pressurisation system.
▪ gas turbine engine.
4. The following design features on an airship require a design feature endorsement:
▪ pressurisation system.
▪ gas turbine engine.
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4.2.7 Flight Activity Endorsement
Flight activity endorsements extend the privileges a pilot can exercise on an aircraft category
they are rated on.
Flight activity endorsements can be issued by an appropriately qualified flight instructor, and
they are not subject to flight reviews to maintain the privileges of the endorsement.
Provided the pilot holds a valid flight review for the aircraft category rating they are able to
conduct the flight activity on that aircraft category.
CASR Part 61 lists the following as flight activities requiring an endorsement:
▪ Aerobatics flight activity endorsement
▪ Aerobatics (1,500) flight activity endorsement
▪ Aerobatics (1,000) flight activity endorsement
▪ Aerobatics (500) flight activity endorsement
▪ Aerobatics (unlimited) flight activity endorsement
▪ Formation flying (aeroplane) flight activity endorsement
▪ Formation aerobatics flight activity endorsement
▪ Spinning flight activity endorsement
▪ Formation flying (helicopter) flight activity endorsement
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5 Recreational Pilot Licence
5.1 General Overview
The Recreational Pilot Licence (RPL) is the first licence qualification of the licence hierarchy in
CASR Part 61. Despite being a licence qualification, the privileges of the licence are very
restrictive as to what aircraft a holder can fly and the type of operation a holder can do.
It is intended to provide privileges in accordance with its name. Those being to satisfy a purely
recreational pilot who will in the majority of cases, operate from and back to the point of
departure in VMC by day.
Holders are restricted to the single engine class for both aeroplane and helicopter categories
with additional conditions placed on aircraft flown that are covered by the class. An applicant
for the grant of a recreational pilot licence (RPL) must be at least 16 and also must have met
the following requirements:
▪ passed the aeronautical knowledge examination for a recreational pilot licence and
the associated aircraft category rating; and
▪ completed flight training for a recreational pilot licence and the associated aircraft
category rating; and
▪ passed the flight test mentioned in the Part 61 Manual of Standards for a
recreational pilot licence and the associated aircraft category rating: and
▪ completed at least 25 hours of flight time as pilot of an aircraft of the category for
which the associated aircraft category rating is sought, including:
− at least 20 hours of dual flight; and
− at least 5 hours of solo flight time
Regulation: CASR 61.475.
Note: An applicant for a RPL who holds a pilot certificate granted by a sports aviation body
that administers activities involving aircraft of a particular category and that certificate permits
the holder to act as the pilot in command of an aircraft of that category may be granted an
RPL. Before exercising the privileges of the RPL that holder must complete a flight review.
Regulation: CASR 61.480.
The holder of a recreational pilot licence is authorised to pilot a single-engine aircraft as pilot
in command or co-pilot if:
▪ the aircraft is certificated for single-pilot operation; and
▪ the aircraft has a maximum certificated take-off weight of not more than 1,500 kg:
and
▪ the aircraft is not rocket-powered or turbine-powered; and
▪ the flight is conducted by day under the VFR; and is
▪ authorised to pilot an aircraft in an area that is:
− within a 25 nautical mile radius of the aerodrome from which the flight began;
or
− a flight training area for the aerodrome; or
− along a direct route between the aerodrome and the flight training area
Regulation: CASR 61.460 & 470.
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5.2 General Reference Tables for Issuance of Recreational Pilot
Licence
Age Applicant must be at least 16 years at the time flight test
undertaken
Medical Certificate Minimum required is Recreational Aviation Medical Practitioners
Certificate which must be valid at the time the flight test is
undertaken and at time of issue.
Note: If issuing a RPL to Sports Aviation body Pilot Certificate
holder they must have a valid medical at time the RPL Licence is
issued.
English Language Must have at least a valid General English Language Proficiency
Proficiency at time-of-flight test
Note: If the Flight Test undertaken included a request for issue of
a FLIGHT RADIO ENDORSEMENT, then the applicant MUST
have held at least a valid ICAO AELP level 4 at the time of the
flight test and issuance of the licence and endorsement by CSC.
Pre-Requisite Not applicable but must have an ARN.
Licence
Aeronautical 1. Pass in the CASA RPL or PPL knowledge examination
Knowledge
- RPLA or RPLH; or
Refer: Manual of
- PPLA or PPLH
Standards Schedule 4
2. Pass in examination conducted by the training organisation
(Part 141 or 142) * which covers the following units of
knowledge:
− BAKC - Basic Aeronautical Knowledge (All categories)
− RFRC RPL – Flight rules and air law (All categories)
− PHFC PPL – Human factors (All categories)
− BAKA Basic Aeronautical Knowledge (Aeroplane
Category only)
− BAKH Basic Aeronautical Knowledge (Helicopter
Category only)
− The training organisation must hold an approval
under CASR 61.040 to conduct examinations and
those examinations must be set in accordance
with the Part 61 Manual of Standards *.
Examination credits obtained before the introduction
of Part 61 may be recognised as valid for the
issuance of an RPL. For determination contact FCL
exams supervisor. fcl.exams@casa.gov.au
Issued by CASA – Client Services Centre (CSC)
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Who is authorised FLIGHT EXAMINER holding or approved 61.040 holder a current
to conduct the flight Flight Examiner Rating or approval with a PRIVATE PILOT
test LICENCE FLIGHT TEST or COMMERCIAL
PILOT LICENCE FLIGHT TEST endorsement for the category.
• The Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder must have held
a valid Class 1 Medical IAW 61.415 at the time the Flight Test
was undertaken.
Flight Test Pre- The applicant must have been certified in writing by a person
requisites under Regulation CASR 61.235 (5) that the applicant has met the
following requirements before undertaking the flight test:
− is at least the minimum age to hold the licence; and
− has passed the aeronautical knowledge examination
for the licence; and
− has met the flight training requirements for the grant of
the licence; and
− has met the aeronautical experience requirements for
the licence; and
− meets the general English language proficiency
requirements
5.2.1 Aircraft Category requirements for the Issuance of Recreational
Pilot Licence
Aircraft Class Single Engine Class only
Note: the aircraft used for the test must
registered or recognised and:
• have a maximum certified take-off weight of
1,500kg or less; and
• not rocket or turbine powered; and
• is certified for single pilot operation.
Approved Flight Simulation The flight test CANNOT be undertaken in a
Training Device Flight Simulation Training Device
Aeronautical Experience At least 25 hours of flight time as pilot of an aircraft
of the relevant category which must include:
• at least 20 hours of dual flight; and
• at least 5 hours of flight time as pilot in
command.
Note: Simulated flight time does not count towards
any of the hour requirements
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Flight Rules Test must be conducted under the Day VFR
Documentation Application forms for the issue of the licence:
• Aeroplane Category – 61-PLA
• Helicopter Category – 61-PLA
• Gyroplane Category: Reserved
• Powered Lift Category: Reserved
• Airship Category: Reserved
5.2.2 Requirements for the Issuance of a Recreational Pilot Licence
Endorsement
Navigation An applicant for this endorsement MUST:
• Have passed the aeronautical knowledge examination
(RPLN) for the endorsement or passed PPLA/PPLH exam
appropriate for their category
• Have completed the flight training
• Have at least 5 hours of solo cross-country time completed
on the category for which the endorsement is requested
Note: the cross-country flight time must include a flight of at
least 100nm, which has a full stop landing made at each of 2
aerodromes or landing areas other than the aerodrome from
which the flight departed.
Flight Radio An applicant for this endorsement MUST:
• Have passed the aeronautical knowledge examination for
the endorsement
• Have completed the flight training
• Hold at least a current ICAO AELP Level 4 Aviation English
Language Proficiency assessment
Controlled Airspace An applicant for this endorsement MUST:
• Have passed the aeronautical knowledge examination for
the endorsement
• Have completed the flight training
• Hold at least a current ICAO AELP Level 4 Aviation English
Language Proficiency assessment
Controlled Aerodrome An applicant for this endorsement MUST:
• Have passed the aeronautical knowledge examination for
the endorsement
• Have completed the flight training
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• Hold at least a current ICAO AELP Level 4 Aviation English
Language Proficiency assessment
Documentation 61-1RE Recreational Pilot Licence Endorsements Application
Form
5.3 Grant of Recreational Pilot Licence in recognition of a pilot
certificates granted by certain organisations
A holder of a pilot certificate granted by a sports aviation body may be issued a Recreational
Pilot Licence.
The pilot certificate holder is eligible to be issued the same Aircraft Category Rating on the
RPL as the holder is permitted to fly on their pilot certificate.
The pilot certificate holder is taken to have passed the RPL aeronautical knowledge
examination AND flight test for the associated aircraft category rating.
The applicant is also taken to have met the requirements for the grant of:
▪ the aircraft category rating for each category of aircraft in which the person is
permitted by their pilot certificate to act as pilot in command on; and
▪ the aircraft class rating for each class of aircraft in which the person is permitted by
their pilot certificate to act as pilot in command on; and
▪ the design feature endorsement for each design feature of an aircraft in which the
applicant is permitted by their pilot certificate to act as pilot in command on.
Note: The holder of an aircraft class rating must successfully complete a flight review to be
authorised to exercise the privileges of the class rating and is not taken to have met the flight
review requirement on the basis of being granted a RPL on the basis of their pilot certificate.
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5.4 Grant of Recreational Pilot Licence endorsements in
recognition of other qualifications
An applicant for a recreational pilot licence endorsement is eligible to be granted the
endorsement if the applicant holds a recreational pilot licence and another flight crew licence
that authorises the exercise of the privileges of the endorsement.
An applicant for a controlled aerodrome endorsement is eligible to be granted the
endorsement if the applicant holds a pilot certificate granted by a sports aviation body
and the applicant holds an approval from the sports aviation body to pilot an aircraft at a
controlled aerodrome.
An applicant for a controlled airspace endorsement is eligible to be granted the endorsement if
the applicant holds a pilot certificate granted by a sports aviation body and the applicant holds
an approval from the sports aviation body to pilot an aircraft in controlled airspace.
An applicant for a flight radio endorsement is eligible to be granted the endorsement if the
applicant holds a pilot certificate granted by a sports aviation body and the applicant holds an
approval from the sports aviation body to operate an aircraft radio and has a current aviation
English language proficiency assessment.
An applicant for a recreational navigation endorsement is eligible to be granted the
endorsement if the applicant holds a pilot certificate granted by a sports aviation body and the
applicant holds a cross-country navigation approval from the sports aviation body and the
applicant has completed at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time.
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6 Private Pilot Licence
6.1 General Overview
The Private Pilot Licence (PPL) significantly extends the limited privileges available on an
RPL. The following privileges are available to a PPL holder:
▪ operate as pilot in command on multi-engine class or type rated aircraft provided,
they hold the multi-engine class or type rating for the relevant aircraft category
rating on their PPL
▪ operate in a multi crew operation as PIC or Co-Pilot on multi-crew certified type
rated aircraft (Private Operations Only)
▪ transmit on a radio frequency during flight
▪ hold an Instructor Rating (limited privileges) and other operational ratings.
A PPL can be granted after successful completion of either an integrated or non-integrated
training course. (Note: the difference in aeronautical experience required in Part 61 Division
61.H.2 and 61.H.3)
The flight radio privileges are embedded in the PPL and as such an applicant must hold at
least a valid ICAO AELP Level 4 Aviation English Language Proficiency assessment.
Although a PPL holder can hold an Instructor Rating the training endorsements available to a
PPL on that rating are very limited when compared to CPL or ATPL holders.
A course of training for a PPL can only be conducted at an approved Part 141 or 142 training
organisation.
6.2 Relevant History
6.2.1 Overview of Area Restrictions
Prior to the introduction of Part 5 of the CARs in December 1992, private pilot licences were
issued in two forms—restricted and unrestricted (RPPL and UPPL). A restricted licence meant
that area limitations applied to the holder. These limitations were detailed on the licence.
Although the current CARs do not refer to restricted and unrestricted private licences directly,
Part 2 of Statutory Rule No. 279 of 1992 (see note 41 on page Notes–10 in CAR 1988)
ensures that private pilot licences issued prior to December 1992 have effect as if they were
issued under the current regulations. It also continues any conditions or restrictions that are
endorsed on the licences.
This means that anyone who held an RPPL or UPPL prior 1 December 1992 continues to hold
that licence in perpetuity.
6.2.2 Removal of PPL Area Restriction
Traditionally, the removal of the PPL area restriction was not considered to be a licence issue,
but merely the removal of a restriction from an existing licence.
Prior to 1 December 1992, CFIs and some ATOs were authorised to “cross out” the
restrictions on paper/book RPPLs, following the successful completion of the Unrestricted
Private Pilot Licence (UPPL) flight test. This enabled the pilot to exercise the privileges of a
full PPL immediately after the “pass” flight test.
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This practice continued after 1 December 1992, with the CFI/ATO recording the PPL flight test
pass in the pilot’s Logbook under the LBE system, as opposed to making an entry in the book
style licence. This practice assumed that the pilot would be able to exercise the privileges of a
full PPL when the CFI/ATO made this entry.
6.2.3 CAR 267
However, CASA legal advice indicates that this practice is not supported by legislation. The
restrictions endorsed on the RPPL have the effect of conditions imposed under the current
legislation and, therefore, can only be “revoked” by a variation to the licence under CAR 267.
Only a person holding a delegation under CAR 267 may vary a licence in this manner. As this
function is restricted to CASA staff, applications to remove the PPL Area restriction will need
to be referred to CSC for action.
Note: Industry Flight Examiners have not been issued a delegation under this CAR. The usual
approach in such cases is for the pilot to be issued with a new PPL.
6.3 General Reference Table for Issuance of a Private Pilot Licence
Age Applicant must be at least 17 years at the time flight test undertaken
(CASR 61.515)
Medical Minimum required is a Class 2 which must be valid at the time of the
Certificate flight test and issuance of the licence by CASA. (CASR 61.410)
English Must have at least a valid ICAO AELP Level 4 Aviation English
Language Language Proficiency assessment for the flight test and issuance
Proficiency of the licence by CASA.
Pre-Requisite Not applicable but must have an ARN.
Licence
Aeronautical To be eligible for a PPL, applicant must have passed at least the PPL
Knowledge Aeronautical Knowledge Exam for the aircraft category. Knowledge
Deficiency Report(s) (KDR) must also be submitted to CASA where the
Refer MOS
examination pass score was less than 100%. Relevant exam codes
Schedule 4
include (only one option is required):
• PPL (Category Specific); or
• ALL 7 CPL subjects (Category Specific).
Note: If the applicant has completed the CPL exam series in lieu of the
PPL, KDR’s for ALL the exams must be completed and submitted.
For determination contact FCL exams supervisor.
fcl.exams@casa.gov.au
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Issued by CASA – Client Service Centre (CSC)
Who is FLIGHT EXAMINER or approved 61.040 holder holding a current Flight
authorised to Examiner Rating or approval with a PRIVATE PILOT LICENCE FLIGHT
conduct the TEST or COMMERCIAL PILOT LICENCE
flight test FLIGHT TEST endorsement for the category.
• The Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder must have held a
valid Class 1 Medical IAW 61.415 at the time the Flight Test was
undertaken.
Flight Test Pre- The applicant must have been certified in writing by a person
requisites under Regulation CASR 61.235 (5) that the applicant has met the
following requirements before undertaking the flight test:
• is at least the minimum age to hold the licence; and
• has passed the aeronautical knowledge examination for the licence;
and
• has met the flight training requirements for the grant of the licence;
and
• has met the aeronautical experience requirements for the licence; and
• meets the Aviation English language proficiency requirements
• KDR’s completed for an applicant with an examination pass of less
than 100%
Documentation Application forms for the issue of the licence:
• Aeroplane Category – 61-PLA
• Helicopter Category – 61-PLA
• Gyroplane Category: Reserved
• Powered Lift Category: Reserved
• Airship Category: Reserved
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6.4 Aircraft Category specific requirements for Issuance of a
Private Pilot Licence
6.4.1 Aeroplane Category
Aeroplane Class / Type for • Single Engine Class.
• Multi Engine Class; or
Flight Test
• Type rated aircraft
Approved Flight Simulation The flight test CANNOT be undertaken in a Flight
Training Device Simulation Training Device
Aeronautical Experience For the following hour requirements, the word “and” does
not mean add the next hour requirements to the previous
one. It simply means “and another requirement is…”
Aeronautical experience includes flight and simulated flight
time. (CASR 61.075)
Integrated Training Course:
− an applicant for a private pilot licence with the
aeroplane category rating must have at least 35
hours of aeronautical experience that includes:
− at least 30 hours of flight time as a pilot; and
− at least 20 hours of flight time as pilot of an
aeroplane; and
Note: if applicant has only the minimum hours required
in an aeroplane (20) then the 10 hours required to make
up the 30 hours flight time can be logged in a helicopter /
gyroplane / airship / powered lift or glider
− at least 10 hours of solo flight time in an aeroplane;
and
− at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time in
an aeroplane; and
− at least 2 hours of dual instrument time; and
− at least one hour of dual instrument flight time in an
aeroplane.
Note: The difference in hours between the 30 hours
flight time as a pilot and the 35 hours of aeronautical
experience required can be made up with simulated
flight time
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Non-integrated Training Course:
• An applicant for a private pilot licence with the
aeroplane category rating must have at least 40 hours
of aeronautical experience that includes:
− at least 35 hours of flight time as a pilot; and
− at least 20 hours of flight time as pilot of an
aeroplane; and
Note: if applicant has only the minimum hours required in
an aeroplane (20) then the 15 Hours required to make up
the 35 hours flight time can be logged in a helicopter
/gyroplane /airship / powered lift or glider
− at least 10 hours of solo flight time in an
aeroplane; and
− at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time in
an aeroplane; and
− at least 2 hours of dual instrument time; and
− at least one hour of dual instrument flight time in
an aeroplane.
Note: For the 2 hours of dual instrument time, 1 hour
must be in an aeroplane.
The difference in hours between the 35 hours flight time
as a pilot and the 40 hours of aeronautical experience
required can be made up with simulated flight time
Flight Rules Test must be conducted under the Day VFR
6.4.2 Helicopter Category
Helicopter Class / Type for − Single Engine Class
Flight Test
− Type rated aircraft
Approved Flight Simulation The flight test CANNOT be undertaken in a Flight
Training Device Simulation Training Device
Aeronautical Experience For the following lists of hour requirements, the word ‘and’
does not mean add the next hour requirements to the
previous one. It simply means ‘and another requirement
is…’
Aeronautical experience includes flight and simulated flight
time
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Integrated Training Course:
An applicant for a private pilot licence with the helicopter
category rating must have at least 35 hours of aeronautical
experience that includes:
− at least 30 hours of flight time as pilot of a
helicopter; and
− at least 10 hours of solo flight time in a helicopter;
and
− at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time in a
helicopter; and
− at least 2 hours of dual instrument time; and
− at least one hour of dual instrument flight time in a
helicopter.
Note: Pilot in command or solo are interchangeable
terms, a trainee pilot logs solo flights as pilot in
command
The difference in hours between the 30 hours flight time
as a pilot and the 35 hours of aeronautical experience
required can be made up with simulated flight time
Non-integrated Training Course:
Note: This course of training is non-ICAO compliant,
and the flight crew licence will reflect this.
An applicant for a private pilot licence with the helicopter
category rating must have at least 40 hours of aeronautical
experience that includes:
− at least 35 hours of flight time as a pilot; and
− at least 30 hours of flight time as pilot of a
helicopter; and
− at least 10 hours of solo flight time in a helicopter;
and
− at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time in a
helicopter; and
− Note: The difference in hours between the 35 hours
flight time as a pilot and the 40 hours of
aeronautical experience required can be made up
with simulated flight time
Flight Rules Test must be conducted under the Day VFR
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6.4.3 Gyrocopter Category
Gyrocopter Class for Flight Single Engine Class
Test
Approved Flight Simulation The flight test CANNOT be undertaken in a Flight
Training Device Simulation Training Device
Aeronautical Experience For the following lists of hour requirements, the word ‘and’
does not mean add the next hour requirements to the
previous one. It simply means ‘and another requirement
is…’
Aeronautical experience includes flight and simulated flight
time
Integrated Training Course:
An applicant for a private pilot licence with the gyroplane
category rating must have at least 35 hours of aeronautical
experience that includes:
− at least 30 hours of flight time as a pilot; and
− at least 20 hours of flight time as pilot of a
gyroplane; and
− at least 10 hours of solo flight time in a powered
aircraft; and
− at least 5 hours of solo flight time in a gyroplane;
and
− at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time in
a powered aircraft.
Note: Pilot in command or solo are interchangeable
terms, a trainee pilot logs solo flights as pilot in
command
The difference in hours between the 30 hours flight time
as a pilot and the 35 hours of aeronautical experience
required can be made up with simulated flight time
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Non-integrated Training Course:
An applicant for a private pilot licence with the gyroplane
category rating must have at least 40 hours of aeronautical
experience that includes:
− at least 35 hours of flight time as a pilot; and
− at least 20 hours of flight time as pilot of a
gyroplane; and
− at least 10 hours of solo flight time in a powered
aircraft; and
− at least 5 hours of solo flight time in a gyroplane;
and
− at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time in a
powered aircraft.
Note: Pilot in command or solo are interchangeable
terms, a trainee pilot logs solo flights as pilot in
command
The difference in hours between the 35 hours flight time
as a pilot and the 40 hours of aeronautical experience
required can be made up with simulated flight time
Flight Rules Test must be conducted under the Day VFR
6.4.4 Powdered Lift Category
Powered Lift Class / Type Not applicable as classes and types are not specified for
Rating for Flight Test the Powered Lift Category
Approved Flight Simulation The flight test CANNOT be undertaken in a Flight
Training Device Simulation Training Device
Aeronautical Experience For the following lists of our requirements, the word ‘and’
does not mean add the next hour requirements to the
previous one. It simply means ‘and another requirement
is…’
Aeronautical experience includes flight and simulated
flight time
An applicant for a private pilot licence with the
powered-lift aircraft category rating must have at least
40 hours of aeronautical experience that includes:
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− at least 35 hours of flight time as a pilot; and
− at least 30 hours of flight time as pilot of a powered-
lift aircraft or helicopter; and
− at least 20 hours of flight time as pilot of a powered-
lift aircraft; and
− at least 10 hours of solo flight time in a powered-lift
aircraft; and
− at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time in a
powered-lift aircraft; and
− at least 2 hours of dual instrument time; and
− at least one hour of dual instrument flight time in a
powered-lift aircraft.
Note: There are no integrated courses for training for
powered lift.
Flight Rules Test must be conducted under the Day VFR
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7 Commercial Pilot Licence
7.1 General Overview
The Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) significantly extends the limited privileges available on a
PPL. The following privileges are available to a CPL holder:
▪ operate as pilot in command on any aircraft in any operation other than:
1. a multi-crew aircraft in an air transport operation; or
2. if the holder has less than 750 hours of flight time as a pilot of an aeroplane--an aeroplane
certificated for single-pilot operation with a maximum certificated take-off weight of more
than 5,700 kg in an air transport operation: or
3. if the holder has less than 750 hours of flight time as a pilot of a rotorcraft--a rotorcraft with
a maximum certificated take-off weight of more than 3,175 kg in an air transport operation;
and
▪ to pilot, as co-pilot, any aircraft in any operation.
▪ transmit on a radio frequency during flight
▪ hold an Operational Rating
A CPL can be granted after successful completion of either an integrated or non-integrated
training course.
Note: the difference in aeronautical experience required in Part 61 Division 61.I.2 and 61.I.3
As the FROL has been abolished under Part 61 the flight radio privileges are embedded in the
CPL and as such an applicant must hold at least a valid ICAO AELP Level 4 Aviation English
Language Proficiency assessment.
The endorsements available to a CPL holder on an Instructor Rating are not limited.
A course of training for a CPL can only be conducted at an approved Part 141 or 142 training
organisation.
7.2 General Reference Table for Issuance of Commercial Pilot
Licence
Age Applicant must be at least 18 years at the time flight test undertaken
(CASR 61.580)
Medical Minimum required is a Class 1 which must be valid at the time of the
Certificate flight test and issuance of the licence by CASA. (CASR 61.235(C)
English Must have at least a valid ICAO Level 4 Aviation English Language
Language Proficiency assessment for the flight test and issuance of the
Proficiency licence by CASA.
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Pre-Requisite Not applicable but must have an ARN.
Licence
Aeronautical To be eligible for an CP(A)L, you must have passed relevant Aeronautical
Knowledge Knowledge Exams. Relevant exam codes include (only one option is
required):
Refer MOS
Schedule 4 • CADA + CFPA + CHUF + CLWA + CMET + CNAV + CSYA – 7
subject-part exams; or
• CADA + CFPA + CLWA + CSYA – if hold a CP(H)L
To be eligible for an CP(H)L, you must have passed relevant Aeronautical
Knowledge Exams. Relevant exam codes include (only one option is
required):
• CADH + CFPH + CHUF + CLWH + CMET + CNAV + CSYH – 7
subject-part exams; or
• CADH + CFPH + CLWH + CSYH – if hold a CP(A)L
Knowledge Deficiency Report(s) (KDR) must also be submitted to CASA
where the examination pass score was less than 100%.
For determination contact FCL exams supervisor, fcl.exams@casa.gov.au
Issued by CASA – Client Services Centre (CSC)
Who is FLIGHT EXAMINER or approved 61.040 holder holding a current
authorised to Flight Examiner Rating or approval with a COMMERCIAL PILOT
conduct the LICENCE FLIGHT TEST endorsement for the category.
flight test • The Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder must have held a valid
Class 1 Medical IAW 61.415 at the time the Flight Test was
undertaken.
Flight Test Pre- The applicant must have been certified in writing by a person under
requisites Regulation CASR 61.235 (5) that the applicant has met the
following requirements before undertaking the flight test:
• is at least the minimum age to hold the licence; and
• has passed the aeronautical knowledge examinations for the licence;
and
• has met the flight training requirements for the grant of the licence; and
• has met the aeronautical experience requirements for the licence; and
• meets the Aviation English language proficiency requirements
• KDR`s completed for an applicant with an examination pass of less
than 100%
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Documentation Application forms for the issue of the licence:
• Aeroplane Category – 61-PLA
• Helicopter Category – 61-PLA
• Gyroplane Category: Reserved
• Powered Lift Category: Reserved
• Airship Category: Reserved
7.3 Aircraft Category specific requirements for the Issuance of a
Commercial Pilot Licence
7.3.1 Aeroplane Category
Aeroplane Class for Flight − Single Engine Class; or
Test − Multi Engine Class; or
− Type Rated aircraft
Aeronautical Experience For the following hour requirements, the word ‘and’ does not
mean add the next hour requirements to the previous one. It
simply means ‘and another requirement is…’
Aeronautical experience includes flight and simulated flight
time. (CASR 61.075)
Integrated Training Course:
An applicant for a commercial pilot licence with the aeroplane
category rating must have at least 150 hours of aeronautical
experience that includes:
− at least 140 hours of flight time as a pilot of an
aeroplane; and
− at least 70 hours of flight time as pilot in command of
an aeroplane; and
− at least 20 hours of cross-country flight time as pilot in
command of an aeroplane; and
− at least 10 hours of instrument time; and
− at least 5 hours of dual instrument flight time in an
aeroplane.
Note: An integrated training course can only be
completed at a Part 142 organisation.
Approved Flight Simulation The flight test CANNOT be undertaken in a Flight
Training Device Simulation Training Device
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Non-integrated Training Course:
An applicant for a commercial pilot licence with the
aeroplane category rating must have at least 200 hours of
aeronautical experience that includes:
− at least 190 hours of flight time as a pilot of an
aeroplane; and
− at least 100 hours of flight time as pilot in
command of an aeroplane; and
− at least 20 hours of cross-country flight time as
pilot in command of an aeroplane; and
− at least 10 hours of instrument time; and
− at least 5 hours of dual instrument flight time in an
aeroplane.
Flight Rules Test must be conducted under the Day VFR
7.3.2 Helicopter Category
Helicopter Class / Type for − Single Engine Class
Flight Test − Type Rated aircraft
Approved Flight Simulation The flight test CANNOT be undertaken in a Flight
Training Device Simulation Training Device
Aeronautical Experience For the following lists of hour requirements, the word ‘and’
does not mean add the next hour requirements to the
previous one. It simply means ‘and another requirement
is…’
Aeronautical experience includes flight and simulated flight
time
Integrated Training Course:
An applicant for a commercial pilot licence with the
helicopter category rating must have at least 100 hours of
aeronautical experience that includes:
− at least 90 hours of flight time as pilot of a
helicopter; and
− at least 35 hours of flight time as pilot in command
of a helicopter; and
− at least 10 hours of cross-country flight time as
pilot in command of a helicopter; and
− at least 10 hours of instrument time; and
− at least 5 hours of instrument flight time in a
helicopter
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Non-integrated Training Course (1A):
Note: This course of training is non-ICAO compliant,
and the flight crew licence will reflect this.
An applicant for a commercial pilot licence with the
helicopter category rating must have at least 150 hours of
aeronautical experience that includes:
− at least 140 hours of flight time as pilot; and
− at least 70 hours of flight time as pilot in command
of a helicopter; and
− at least 35 hours of flight time as pilot in command
of a helicopter; and
− at least 10 hours of cross-country flight time as
pilot in command of a helicopter; and
Non-integrated Training Course (1B):
Note: This course of training is non-ICAO compliant,
and the flight crew licence will reflect this.
An applicant for a commercial pilot licence with the
helicopter category rating must have at least 105 hours of
aeronautical experience that includes:
− at least 105 hours of flight time as pilot of a
helicopter; and
− at least 35 hours of flight time as pilot in
command of a helicopter; and
− at least 10 hours of cross-country flight time as
pilot in command of a helicopter; and
Flight Rules Test must be conducted under the Day VFR
7.3.2.1 Commercial Pilot Licence – Helicopter category rating, granted Under
CASR 61.615(1A) 61.615(1B)
An applicant for a CPL-H granted under CASR 61.615 (1A) or (1B) in accordance with the
requirements of the Part 61 MOS Sched 9, is not required to complete any flight training or
demonstrate competency in performing basic flight manoeuvres and recovery from unusual
attitudes solely by reference to flight instruments.
As the applicant for such a licence has not satisfied the standards specified by ICAO in Annex
1 – Personnel Licensing, for the grant of such a licence, CASA is required to include a remark
on the licence identifying the standards the holder has not satisfied in accordance with Article
39 of the Chicago Convention. Such remarks are required to be included in section XIII of a
flight crew licence.
The relevant standards from Annex 1 that the applicant has not satisfied are;
2.4.4.1.1.1 c) – 10 hours of instrument instruction time of which not more than 5 hours may be
instrument ground time, and
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2.4.4.2 i) – flight training in basic flight manoeuvres and recovery from unusual attitudes solely
by reference to flight instruments.
The following is the standard remark included on such licences:
CPL-H is not compliant with the ICAO Annex 1 standard 2.4.4.1.1.1 c) and 2.4.4.2 (i)
For the remark to be removed from the licence, the holder would be required to satisfy the
ICAO standards specified above and demonstrate competency to CASA or a Flight Examiner.
CASA is satisfied a person has met the standards for the remark to be removed from the
licence in the holder has been issued a Night VFR or Instrument rating with a helicopter
endorsement.
7.3.3 Gyroplane Category
Gyrocopter Class for Flight − Single Engine Class
Test
Approved Flight Simulation − the flight test CANNOT be undertaken in a Flight
Training Device Simulation Training Device
Aeronautical Experience For the following lists of hour requirements, the word ‘and’
does not mean add the next hour requirements to the
previous one. It simply means ‘and another requirement
is…’
Aeronautical experience includes flight and simulated flight
time
An applicant for a commercial pilot licence with the
gyroplane category rating must have at least 150 hours of
aeronautical experience that includes:
− at least 75 hours of flight time as pilot of a
gyroplane; and
− at least 35 hours of flight time as pilot in command
of a gyroplane; and
− at least 20 hours of dual flight in a gyroplane; and
− at least 20 hours of cross-country flight time as pilot
in command of a powered aircraft; and
− at least 10 hours of cross-country flight time as pilot
in command of a gyroplane; and
− at least 10 hours of dual instrument time in an
aircraft or approved flight simulation training device
for the purpose.
Flight Rules Test must be conducted under the Day VFR
7.3.4 Powered Lift
Reserved
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7.3.5 Airship
Reserved
8 Air Transport Pilot Licence
8.1 General Overview
The Air Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL) significantly extends the limited privileges available on
a CPL. The following privileges are available to an ATPL holder:
▪ The holder of an air transport pilot licence is authorised to pilot an aeroplane,
helicopter, or powered lift aircraft as pilot in command or co-pilot: see sub part 61E
and regulations 61.670 and 61.695.
▪ The holder of an air transport pilot licence is authorised to taxi an aircraft in certain
circumstances: see regulation 61.430.
▪ The holder of an air transport pilot licence is authorised to transmit on a radio
frequency of a kind used for the purpose of ensuring the safety of air navigation:
see regulation 61.435.
▪ You must have at least 1500 hours’ aeronautical experience for the aeroplane
category or 1000 hours for the helicopter category. In addition, the theory exams
must be completed within a two-year period to remain valid. One of the most
significant changes in the new regulations is the introduction of an ATPL flight test.
▪ Before a flight test, you must undertake a multi-crew cooperation course (MCC),
but you do not have to hold an instrument rating as these privileges are embedded
in the ATPL (A). The flight test will be in a multi-engine, turbine aircraft or an
approved flight simulator and must be conducted under IFR in a multi-crew
environment. An ATPL holder is only authorised to conduct IFR as a single pilot
operation if they have previously completed a flight test or instrument proficiency
check conducted as a single pilot operation and have conducted a flight under the
IFR in a single pilot aircraft within the previous six months.
8.2 General Reference Table for Issuance of an Air Transport Pilot
Licence
Age Applicant must be at least 21 years at the time flight test undertaken
(CASR 61.700)
Medical Minimum required is a Class 1 which must be valid at the time of the
Certificate flight test (if conducted in the aircraft) and issuance of the licence by
CASA. (CASR 61.415)
English Must have at least a valid ICAO AELP Level 4 Aviation English
Language Language Proficiency assessment for the flight test and issuance of
Proficiency the licence by CASA.
Pre-Requisite CPL or MULTI CREW PILOT LICENCE with same aircraft category rating
Licence
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Aeronautical To be eligible for an ATP(A)L, you must have passed relevant Aeronautical
Knowledge Knowledge Exams. Relevant exam codes must include IREX and (only one
Refer MOS option is required):
Schedule 4 • AALW + AASA + AFPA + AHUF + AMET + ANAV + APLA – 7 subject-
part exams; or
• AASA + AFPA + APLA– if hold an ATP(H)L (You must have a full set of
exam credits for the ATP(H)L)
To be eligible for an ATP(H)L, you must have passed relevant Aeronautical
Knowledge Exams. Relevant exam codes include (only one option is
required):
• AALW + AASH + AFPH + AHUF + AMET + ANAV + APLH – 7
subject-part exams; or
• AASH + AFPH + APLH – if hold an ATP(A)L (You must have a full
set of exam credits for the ATP(A)L)
For determination contact FCL exams supervisor. fcl.exams@casa.gov.au
Issued by CASA – Client Services Centre (CSC)
Who is FLIGHT EXAMINER or approved 61.040 holder holding a current Flight
authorised to Examiner Rating or approval with an AIR TRANSPORT PILOT LICENCE
conduct the FLIGHT TEST endorsement for the category.
flight test
• The Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder must have held a valid
Medical IAW 61.415 at the time the Flight Test was undertaken.
Flight Test Pre- The applicant must have been certified in writing by a person under
requisites Regulation CASR 61.235 (5) that the applicant has met the following
requirements before undertaking the flight test:
• is at least the minimum age to hold the licence; and
• has passed the aeronautical knowledge examinations for the licence;
and
• has met the flight training requirements for the grant of the licence; and
• has met the aeronautical experience requirements for the licence; and
• meets the Aviation English language proficiency requirements
• KDR`s completed for an applicant with an examination pass of less
than 100%
Documentation Application forms for the issue of the licence:
− Aeroplane Category: Form 61-1AA
− Helicopter Category: Form 61-1AH
− Powered Lift: Reserved
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8.3 Aircraft Category Specific Requirements for the Issuance of an
Air Transport Pilot Licence
8.3.1 Aeroplane Category
Aeroplane Class for Flight The flight test for the air transport pilot licence with the
Test aeroplane category rating must be conducted under the IFR
in a multi-engine turbine powered aeroplane that is
configured for flight, and operated, with a co pilot
Approved Flight Simulation The flight test CAN be undertaken in a Flight Simulation
Training Device Training Device
Aeronautical Experience For the following hour requirements, the word ‘and’ does
not mean add the next hour requirements to the previous
one. It simply means ‘and another requirement is…’
Aeronautical experience includes flight and simulated flight
time. (CASR 61.075)
1. An applicant for an air transport pilot licence with the
aeroplane category rating must have at least 1 500 hours
of aeronautical experience that includes:
a. at least 1 400 hours of flight time as a pilot;
and
b. at least 750 hours of flight time as pilot of an
aeroplane; and
c. either:
i. at least 500 hours of flight time in an
aeroplane as pilot in command under
supervision; or
ii. at least 250 hours of flight time in an
aeroplane as pilot in command or pilot in
command under supervision, of which at
least 70 hours must be as pilot in
command; and
d. at least 200 hours of cross-country flight time
in an aeroplane; and
e. at least 100 hours of cross-country flight time
as pilot in command, or pilot in command
under supervision, of an aeroplane; and
f. at least 100 hours of flight time at night as
pilot of an aeroplane, other than dual flight;
and
g. at least 75 hours of instrument time; and
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h. at least 45 hours of instrument flight time in
an aeroplane.
2. Any of the required aeronautical experience that is not
completed as flight time as a pilot must be completed as
simulated flight time in an approved flight simulation
training device for the purpose.
3. However, no more than 25 hours may be completed in a
flight simulation training device that is not a flight
simulator.
4. The flight time in an aeroplane required by sub regulation
(1) must be completed in a registered or recognised
aeroplane.
Flight Rules Test must be conducted under the IFR
8.3.2 Helicopter Category
Helicopter Class / Type for The flight test for the air transport pilot licence with the
Flight Test helicopter category rating must be conducted in a turbine
powered helicopter that is certificated for night VFR
operations and configured for flight, and operated, with a co
pilot
Approved Flight Simulation The flight test CAN be undertaken in a Flight Simulation
Training Device Training Device
Aeronautical Experience For the following lists of hourly requirements, the word ‘and’
does not mean add the next hour requirements to the
previous one. It simply means ‘and another requirement
is…’
Aeronautical experience includes flight and simulated flight
time
1. An applicant for an air transport pilot licence with the
helicopter category rating must have at least 1 000 hours
of aeronautical experience that includes:
a. at least 900 hours of flight time as a pilot; and
b. at least 750 hours of flight time as pilot of a
helicopter; and
c. at least 250 hours of flight time as pilot in
command, or pilot in command under
supervision, of a helicopter; and
d. at least 70 hours of flight time as pilot in
command of a helicopter; and
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e. at least 200 hours of cross-country flight time
in a helicopter; and
f. at least 100 hours of cross-country flight time
as pilot in command, or pilot in command
under supervision, of a helicopter; and
g. at least 50 hours of flight time at night as pilot
of a helicopter; and
h. at least 30 hours of instrument time; and
i. at least 20 hours of instrument flight time in a
helicopter.
2. Any of the required aeronautical experience that is not
completed as flight time as a pilot must be completed as:
a. simulated flight time in an approved flight
simulation training device for the purpose; or
b. tethered flight time.
3. However:
a. no more than 25 hours of the required
aeronautical experience may be completed in
a flight simulation training device that is not a
flight simulator; and
b. no more than 5 hours of the required
aeronautical experience may be completed as
tethered flight time.
4. The flight time in a helicopter required by sub regulation
(1) must be completed in a registered or recognised
helicopter.
Flight Rules Test can be conducted under the Day VFR
Note: A Helicopter ATPL does not mandate IFR
procedures.
8.3.3 Powered Lift
Reserved
8.3.4 Airship
Reserved
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9 Multi-Crew Pilot Licence
9.1 General Overview
A new pilot qualification was established by the International Civil Aviation Organisation
(ICAO) specifically for airline co-pilots in 2006.
The new licence was incorporated into ICAO Annex 1 (Personnel Licensing) in November
2006. It is based on the recommendations of ICAO's flight crew licensing training panel
(FCLTP/2) which held a series of meetings on MPL during 2004 and 2005. The meetings were
prompted by calls from industry for better ways to train co-pilots amid mounting evidence that
deficits in teamwork were major contributors to airline accidents.
The MPL is designed to develop the abilities needed to fly multi-crew airline aeroplanes.
Compared to traditional training pathways it makes greater use of simulators, adopts
competency-based-training methods, and further applies human factors and threat and error
management in all phases of training.
Traditional training methods emphasis independence and individual skills. While appropriate
for single-pilot operations, they can impede the transfer to multi-crew operations. Pilots
moving to work in airlines have needed bridging training.
ICAO has also issued a set of procedures for training and has set them out in its PANS-TRG
(procedures for air navigation services – training) document, which shifts the focus from
prescriptive flying hour requirements to competency-based training and assessment.
The procedures put more emphasis on simulator training including the use of simulated air
traffic control. Pilots will still be able to take the traditional pathway to qualifying to fly as co-
pilot, progressing from the private pilot licence through the commercial licence to the air
transport pilot licence.
9.2 General Reference Table for Issuance of a Multi-Crew Pilot
Licence
Age Applicant must be at least 18 years at the time flight test
undertaken (CASR 61.655)
Medical Minimum required is a Class 1 which must be valid at the time of the
Certificate flight test and issuance of the licence by CASA. (CASR 61.415)
English Language Must have at least a valid ICAO Level 4 Aviation English Language
Proficiency Proficiency assessment for the flight test and issuance of the licence
by CASA.
Pre-Requisite Not applicable but must have an ARN.
Licence
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Aeronautical Same as for ATPL. Please refer to section 8.2
Knowledge
Refer MOS Schedule 4
Issued by CASA – Client Services Centre (CSC)
Who is authorised to FLIGHT EXAMINER or approved 61.040 holder holding a current
conduct the flight test Flight Examiner Rating or approval with an AIR TRANSPORT
PILOT LICENCE FLIGHT TEST endorsement for the category.
• The Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder must have
held a valid Class 1 Medical IAW 61.415 at the time the
Flight Test was undertaken.
Flight Test Pre- • have passed the aeronautical knowledge examination for the
requisites multi-crew pilot licence and the aeroplane category rating;
and
• have completed a multi-crew pilot licence training course;
and
• have passed the flight test mentioned in the Part 61 Manual
of Standards for the multi-crew pilot licence: and
• have met the aeronautical experience requirements
• hold a pilot type rating for a multi-crew aeroplane*
*A multi pilot type mentioned in latest edition of the ’Prescription
of Aircraft and Ratings’
Documentation Application forms for the issue of the licence: 61-1MPL
Note: The MPL is aeroplane category only
9.3 Aircraft Category specific requirements for the Issuance of a
Multi-crew Pilot Licence
9.3.1 Aeroplane Category
Aeroplane for Flight Test Multi Engine Turbine powered aeroplane for which a pilot
type rating is prescribed by the “latest edition of the
’Prescription of Aircraft and Ratings’
Approved Flight Simulation The flight test CAN be undertaken in a Flight Simulation
Training Device Training Device
Aeronautical Experience An applicant for a multi-crew pilot licence with the
aeroplane category rating must have at least 240 hours of
aeronautical experience that includes:
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• at least 40 hours of flight time as pilot of an aeroplane;
and
• at least 10 hours of solo flight time in an aeroplane;
and
• at least 5 hours of cross-country flight time as pilot in
command of an aeroplane.
Any of the required aeronautical experience that is not
completed as flight time as a pilot must be completed as
simulated flight time in an approved flight simulation
training device for the purpose.
The cross-country flight time required (at least 5 hours of
cross-country flight time as pilot in command of an
aeroplane) must include a flight of at least 150 nautical
miles during which a full-stop landing is made at each of 2
aerodromes not within the flight training area for the
aerodrome from which the flight began.
The applicant must have completed at least 12 take-offs,
and at least 12 landings, in an aeroplane of the type used
for the applicant’s flight test.
The applicant is taken to meet the requirements for
number of landings stated above if:
• the applicant holds an approval under regulation
61.040 for a number of take-offs and landings that is
less than 12 but not less than 6; and
• the applicant has completed at least that number of
take-offs, and at least that number of landings, in an
aeroplane of the type used for the applicant’s flight
test.
CASA may grant an approval mentioned in dot point 1
above:
• the lower number does not adversely affect the
acquisition of the required skill by the applicant; and
• the Part 142 operator conducting the training course
mentioned in paragraph 61.655 (2) (b) has made
arrangements to ensure that corrective action can be
taken if in-training or post-training evaluation indicates
a need for corrective action.
The flight time required in an aeroplane stated above must
be completed in a registered or recognised aeroplane.
Flight Rules Test must be conducted under the IFR
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10 Operational Ratings
10.1 General
Operational Ratings significantly extend the privileges a flight crew licence holder can exercise
on the aircraft category – class or type rating they hold. The regulations specify the minimum
licence level required for the issue of an operational rating. In addition, they specify the
minimum hours and whether an aeronautical knowledge examination pass is required prior to
the flight crew member applying for a flight test for the issue of a rating. For the issue of an
operational rating a flight test is required to be conducted which triggers the issue of the rating
and at least one endorsement on that rating. A rating cannot be issued without at least one
endorsement being issued on that rating.
Subsequent to the issue of an operational rating a suitably qualified and authorised Flight
Examiner can issue additional endorsements on an operational rating.
Maintaining a valid operational rating is the responsibility of the holder which will require either
a proficiency check or flight review depending on the rating. In all cases a proficiency check
requires a qualified Flight Examiner or (approved 61.040 holder) and for a Flight Review a
qualified Flight Instructor or (approved 61.040 holder) can conduct the review to revalidate the
privileges of the rating.
The following are Operational Ratings available under Part 61:
Operational Rating Validity Revalidation Revalidation by
Instrument 12 months Proficiency Check Flight Examiner**
Private Instrument 24 months Flight Review Flight Instructor**
Night VFR 24 months Flight Review Flight Instructor**
Flight Instructor* 24 months Proficiency Check Flight Examiner**
Simulator Instructor* 24 months Proficiency Check Flight Examiner**
Low Level 24 months exemption Flight Review Flight Instructor**
Aerial Application 12 months Proficiency Check Flight Examiner**
Night Vision Imaging 12 months Proficiency Check Flight Examiner**
Flight Examiner 24 months Proficiency Check CASA**
* after the initial issue of the rating it is valid for 12 months, thereafter 24 months.
** or approved 61.040 holders
All Operational Ratings with the exception of the Flight Examiner Rating are
issued by industry. That is CASA will only receive notification of issue by
the Flight Examiner who conducted the flight test for the rating.
Flight Examiners must ensure they are fully conversant with their obligations
under the regulations when issuing or revalidating qualifications. These
obligations are found in Division 61.U.2 – Obligations of Flight Examiners.
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10.2 Relevant History
The following table identifies the ratings that exist under CAR Part 5 and their equivalent
CASR Part 61 Rating or new Part 61 Rating.
CAR Part 5 Qualification CASR Part 61 Rating Comments
Command Instrument Rating Instrument Rating
Private Instrument Flight Rating Private Instrument Rating
Night VFR Rating Night VFR Rating
Flight Instructor Rating Flight Instructor Rating
Simulator Instructor Rating New Qualification
Night Vision Goggles Rating Night Vision Imaging System New Qualification
Rating
Approved Testing Officer Flight Examiner Rating New Qualification
Grade of Agriculture Rating Aerial Application Rating New Qualification
Low Level Approvals Low Level Rating New Qualification
10.3 Specific Requirements for the Issue of an Operational Rating
10.3.1 Instrument Rating
Under Part 61 there is no differentiation with respect to grade of Instrument Rating i.e., there
are no command or co-pilot grades issued. The Instrument Rating will only differ between
holders on the basis of the endorsements they hold on their respective ratings.
Instrument approach privileges are not derived from the navigation aid but are given on the
basis of the design of the approach, being either 2 dimensional or 3 dimensional. The 3-
dimensional approach differs in that it provides final approach guidance in the vertical
dimension in addition to lateral guidance.
So, a holder of 2-dimensional instrument approach endorsement (2D) can fly any 2D
approach irrespective of the type of navigation aid signal being used to derive position
information.
The category of aircraft flight crew can operate using their Instrument Rating is identified by
way of an endorsement on the rating.
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Instrument Rating
Licence Level
Applicant must hold a Private Pilot Licence or higher (CASR 61.885 (1)(a))
Pre-requisite
Aeronautical To be eligible for an Instrument Rating you must have passed the
Knowledge Aeronautical Knowledge Examination (CASR 61.885 (2) (a))
Requirements An applicant for an instrument rating must: (61.885 (b))
for the issue of • meet the requirements for the grant of:
an Instrument − at least one instrument endorsement mentioned in column 1 of an
Rating item in Part 1 of table 61.890: and
− at least one instrument endorsement mentioned in column 1 of an
item in Part 2 of table 61.890.
• passed the aeronautical knowledge examination for the instrument rating;
and
• completed flight training for the instrument rating; and
• passed the flight test mentioned in the Part 61 Manual of Standards for
the instrument rating and the aircraft category rating associated with the
applicant’s pilot licence: and
• met the aeronautical experience requirements
Issued by Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder
Who is FLIGHT EXAMINER or approved 61.040 holder holding a current Flight
authorised to Examiner Rating or approval with an INSTRUMENT RATING FLIGHT
conduct the TEST endorsement for the category.
flight test • The Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder must have held a valid
Class 1 Medical IAW 61.415 at the time the Flight Test was undertaken.
Documentation Form for the notification of the Instrument Rating use Form 61-2I
Aeronautical The applicant must meet the aeronautical experience requirements outlined
Experience in 61.885 (5)
Requirements
The applicant must have aeronautical experience that includes:
a. at least 50 hours of cross-country flight time as pilot in
command; and
b. at least 40 hours of instrument time, including:
i. at least 10 hours of dual instrument time; and
ii. either:
iii. if sub regulation (6) applies—at least 10 hours of
instrument flight time; or
iv. in any other case—at least 20 hours of instrument flight
time.
Note: Additional aeronautical experience requirements can be found under
Part 61.885 (6) and (7) and in table 61.890 – Instrument endorsements.
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Endorsements Part 1—Aircraft category/class endorsements
on the Rating
Endorsement Activities Authorised
Single engine aeroplane instrument Pilot an aeroplane of the single
endorsement engine aeroplane class under the
IFR or at night under the VFR
Multi engine aeroplane instrument Pilot an aeroplane under the IFR or
endorsement at night under the VFR
Single engine helicopter instrument Pilot a single engine helicopter under
endorsement the IFR or at night under the VFR
Multi engine helicopter instrument Pilot a helicopter under the IFR or at
endorsement night under the VFR
Powered lift aircraft instrument Pilot a powered lift aircraft under the
endorsement IFR or at night under the VFR
Gyroplane instrument endorsement Pilot a gyroplane under the IFR or at
night under the VFR
Airship instrument endorsement Pilot an airship under the IFR or at
night under the VFR
Part 2—Instrument approach procedure endorsements
IAP 2D instrument endorsement Conduct a 2D instrument approach
operation
IAP 3D instrument endorsement Conduct a 3D instrument approach
operation
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10.4 Private Instrument Rating
The Private Instrument Rating (PIR) stipulates different requirements to be met for the issue in
comparison to the Instrument Rating. The “base” PIR* is a simpler qualification with reduced
privileges in comparison with the Instrument Rating however by means of a selection of 26
endorsements a holder can significantly increase the privileges of their PIR.
As the name implies its purpose is for private operations and for the private pilot it provides an
alternative to the “professional level” Instrument Rating which is required to operate in
commercial operations.
*The base PIR simply allows IFR flight to be conducted en-route only, with no departure or
arrival privileges under the IFR. Pilots must be visual below the RLSALT or MSA at all times.
Private Instrument Rating
Licence Level Applicant must hold a Private Pilot Licence or a Commercial Licence (CASR
Pre-requisite 61.930 (1) (a))
Aeronautical To be eligible for a Private Instrument Rating you must have passed the
Knowledge Aeronautical Knowledge Examination (CASR 61.930 (2) (a) (i) or (ii))
Holds An applicant for a Private Instrument Rating must: (CASR 61.930)
Instrument 1. meet the requirements for the grant of:
Rating
− at least one endorsement mentioned in column 1 of an item in Part 2
of table 61.935. (61.930 (1)(b))
2. passed the aeronautical knowledge examination for the instrument rating;
or
3. a private instrument rating aeronautical knowledge examination set and
conducted by:
− CASA; or
− a Part 141 or 142 operator that is authorised to conduct training for
the grant of an instrument rating: and
4. completed flight training for the private instrument rating; and
5. passed the flight test mentioned in the Part 61 Manual of Standards for
the private instrument rating: and
6. completed the required aeronautical experience
Or be the holder of an instrument rating CASR 61.930 (4)
Issued by Flight Examiner or 61.040 holder
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Who is FLIGHT EXAMINER or approved 61.040 holder holding a current Flight
authorised to Examiner Rating or approval with an INSTRUMENT RATING FLIGHT
conduct the TEST endorsement for the category.
flight test • The Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder must have held a valid
Class 1 Medical IAW 61.415 at the time the Flight Test was undertaken.
Documentation Form for the notification of the Private Instrument Rating use Form 61-2I.
Aeronautical The applicant must meet the aeronautical experience requirements outlined
Experience in 61.930 (2) (d).
Requirements
The applicant must have aeronautical experience that includes:
1. at least 20 hours of instrument time, including at least 10 hours of dual
instrument flight time
2. The aeronautical experience required by paragraph (2) (d) must have been
completed:
• while receiving instrument training conducted by a flight instructor who
holds an instrument rating training endorsement; or
• while receiving training for a private pilot licence, commercial pilot
licence or air transport pilot licence or a night VFR rating; or
• as a member of the Australian Defence Force.
Additional aeronautical experience for endorsements may be required.
Refer to Table 61.935
10.5 Endorsements on the Rating
10.5.1 Part 1—Aircraft category/class endorsements
Endorsement Activities Authorised
Single engine aeroplane instrument Pilot an aeroplane of the single engine aeroplane class
endorsement under the IFR
Multi engine aeroplane instrument Pilot an aeroplane under the IFR
endorsement
Single engine helicopter instrument Pilot a single engine helicopter under the IFR
endorsement
Multi engine helicopter instrument Pilot a helicopter under the IFR
endorsement
Powered lift aircraft instrument Pilot a powered lift aircraft under the IFR
endorsement
Gyroplane instrument Pilot a gyroplane under the IFR
endorsement
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Airship instrument endorsement Pilot an airship under the IFR
10.5.2 Part 2—Instrument approach procedure endorsements
Endorsement Activities Authorised
Navigation – NDB private instrument Conduct en route navigation, including holding,
endorsement under the IFR using a non-directional beacon
navigation system
Navigation – VOR/LLZ private Conduct en route navigation, including holding, under
instrument endorsement the IFR using a VHF omni range/localiser navigation
system
Navigation – GNSS private Conduct en route navigation, including holding, under
instrument endorsement the IFR using a global navigation satellite system
10.5.3 Part 3—Departure endorsements
Endorsement Activities Authorised
Departure – single engine aircraft Conduct a take-off and departure, other than a standard
private instrument endorsement instrument departure, under the IFR in a single engine
aircraft
Departure – multi engine aeroplane Conduct a take-off and departure, other than a standard
private instrument endorsement instrument departure, under the IFR in a multi- engine
aeroplane
Departure – multi engine helicopter Conduct a take-off and departure, other than a standard
private instrument endorsement instrument departure, under the IFR in a multi- engine
helicopter
Departure – powered lift aircraft Conduct a take-off and departure, other than a
private instrument endorsement standard instrument departure, under the IFR in a
powered lift aircraft
Departure – airship private Conduct a take-off and departure, other than a
instrument endorsement standard instrument departure, under the IFR in an
airship
Standard instrument departure Conduct a take-off and departure, including a
private instrument endorsement standard instrument departure, under the IFR
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10.5.4 Part 4—Approach/arrival endorsements
STAR private instrument Conduct an arrival under the IFR using a procedure
endorsement published in the AIP and a navigation system for which
the pilot holds an endorsement mentioned in column 1
of an item in Part 2 of this table
Approach – NDB private instrument Conduct an instrument approach and landing under
endorsement the IFR using a non-directional beacon navigation
system
Approach – VOR/LLZ private Conduct an instrument approach and landing under the
instrument endorsement IFR using a VHF omni range/localiser navigation
system
Approach – DME or GNSS arrival Conduct an instrument approach and landing under
procedure private instrument the IFR using distance measuring equipment or a
endorsement global navigation satellite system
Approach – RNP APCH2D private Conduct a required navigational performance
instrument endorsement instrument approach without vertical guidance using:
• a global navigation satellite system; or
• another kind of area navigation-based
system
Approach – RNP APCH3D private Conduct a required navigational performance
instrument endorsement instrument approach using barometric aided vertical
guidance
Approach – ILS private instrument Conduct an instrument approach and landing,
endorsement using:
• an instrument landing system; or
• a microwave landing system; or
• a global navigation satellite system with ground-
based augmentation
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10.5.5 Part 5—Approach/arrival endorsements—category specific
Approach and landing – multi-engine Conduct an instrument approach and landing under the
aeroplane private instrument IFR in a multi- engine aeroplane using a navigation
endorsement system for which the pilot holds an instrument approach
endorsement
Approach and landing – multi engine Conduct an instrument approach and landing under the
helicopter private instrument IFR in a multi- engine helicopter using a navigation
endorsement system for which the pilot holds an instrument approach
endorsement
10.5.6 Part 6—Night endorsement
Night private instrument Pilot an aircraft under the IFR at night
endorsement
10.6 Night VFR Rating
The Night VFR Rating (NFVR) extends the privileges of a PPL or higher licence with Day VFR
only privileges to operate during night hours (as defined in the AIP). Whilst the aeroplane
category endorsements are listed by class, that is single and multi-engine, the helicopter
category does not.
The Night VFR is issued by a Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder but can be
revalidated by a Flight Instructor or approved 61.040 holder by a Flight Review. It is expected
holders observe the general competency rule under Part 61 which may require more than the
minimum recency requirements to maintain a safe level of operation.
The Night VFR is also a required pre-requisite rating for the issue of a Night Vision Imaging
System Rating Grade 2.
Licence Level
Applicant must hold a Private Pilot Licence or higher (CASR 61.975 (1)(a))
Pre-requisite
Aeronautical
No mandatory knowledge examination is required
Knowledge
Requirements An applicant for a NVFR rating (61.975) must meet the requirements:
for the issue of 1. For at least one endorsement mentioned in column 1 of an item in table
NVFR 61.980
2. completed flight training for the rating.
3. met the aeronautical experience requirements; and
4. passed the flight test mentioned in the Part 61 Manual of Standards for the
Night VFR Rating
Issued by Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder
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Who is FLIGHT EXAMINER or approved 61.040 holder holding a current Flight
authorised to Examiner Rating or approval with a NVFR RATING FLIGHT TEST
conduct the endorsement for the category.
flight test • The Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder must have held a valid
Class 1 Medical IAW 61.415 at the time the Flight Test was undertaken.
Documentation Application form for Night VFR Rating use Form 61-2I.
Aeronautical The applicant must meet the aeronautical experience requirements outlined
Experience in 61.975.
Requirements The applicant must have aeronautical experience that includes:
1. at least 10 hours at night as a pilot including at least 5 hours of dual cross-
country time
2. dual cross-country flight time must comprise at least 2 flights – one landing
at an aerodrome other than the aerodrome from which the flight began
10.6.1 Part 1—Aircraft category/class endorsements
Endorsement Activities Authorised
Single engine aeroplane night VFR Pilot an aeroplane of the single engine aeroplane
endorsement class at night under the VFR
Multi engine aeroplane night VFR Pilot an aeroplane at night under the VFR
endorsement
Helicopter night VFR endorsement Pilot a helicopter at night under the VFR
Powered lift aircraft night VFR Pilot a powered lift aircraft at night under the VFR
endorsement
Gyroplane night VFR endorsement Pilot a gyroplane at night under the VFR
Airship night VFR endorsement Pilot an airship at night under the VFR
10.7 Pilot Instructor Rating
Part 61 allows Instructor Rating privileges to Private Pilots, however the endorsements
available to them are limited*.
Part 61 includes a Simulator Instructor Rating under the Pilot Instructor Rating which restricts
holders without a Flight Instructor Rating to give instruction in Flight Simulation Training
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devices only. But all the same endorsements that apply to Flight Instructors apply to the
Simulator Instructor Rating.
To give flying training for the issue of a licence and the associated category rating requires
Grade 3, 2 or 1 training endorsements.
The endorsements available on the rating gives applicants the choice to select an
endorsement that reflects their area of speciality without having to undergo unnecessary
training e.g., Type Rating training endorsement which is type specific.
There are no hour requirements for a course of training to become a flight instructor however
Part 61 stipulates minimum aeronautical experience for trainees that must be met prior to
commencing the training course for the rating and any specific endorsements they wish to
hold.
*Private Pilots holding an Instructor Rating are limited to give instruction for and issue Design
Feature and Flight Activity Endorsements.
10.7.1 Flight Instructor Rating
Licence Level Applicant must hold a Private Pilot Licence or higher (CASR 61.1185 (1)
Pre-requisite (a)
Requirements for An applicant for a Flight Instructor rating (61.1185) must
the issue of FIR meet the requirements for:
• The grant of at least one training endorsement
• Passed the aeronautical knowledge examination, PIRC
• completed flight training for the rating
• passed the flight test mentioned in the Part 61 Manual of Standards
for the flight instructor
• met the aeronautical experience requirements
Issued by Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder
Who is FLIGHT EXAMINER or approved 61.040 holder holding a current
authorised to Flight Examiner Rating or approval with a FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR
conduct the flight RATING endorsement for the category.
test
The Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder must have held a valid
Class 1 Medical IAW 61.415 at the time the Flight Test was
undertaken.
Documentation Application form for Flight Instructor Rating use Form 61-2I.
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Aeronautical The applicant must meet the aeronautical experience requirements outlined
Experience in 61.1185 – in an aircraft of the same category as the aircraft used for the
Requirements flight test* (see note below)
If the aircraft used for the flight test is a helicopter-;
The applicant must have aeronautical experience that includes:
a. at least 250 hours flight time as a pilot; and
b. at least 100 hours flight time as pilot in command.
In any other case:
a. at least 200 hours flight time as a pilot; and
b. at least 100 hours flight time as pilot in command
Note: These Aeronautical Experience requirements are required by the
applicant at the time they commence training.
*Note: See 61.1185 (3) for alternate requirements
10.7.2 SIM Instructor Rating
Licence Level Applicant must hold a Commercial Pilot Licence or higher (CASR
Pre-requisite 61.1210 (1) (a).
Requirements An applicant for a Simulator Instructor rating (CASR 61.1210) must meet
for the issue of the requirements for;
SIM Instructor
1. An applicant for a simulator instructor rating must:
Rating
a. hold a commercial pilot licence or air transport pilot licence;
and
b. meet the requirements for the grant of at least one training
endorsement.
2. The applicant must also have:
a. passed the aeronautical knowledge examination for the
simulator instructor rating; and
b. completed flight training for the rating; and
c. passed the flight test mentioned in the Part 61 Manual of
Standards for the simulator instructor rating.
3. The applicant must also:
a. have completed an approved course of training in principles
and methods of instruction; or
b. hold a Certificate IV in Training and Assessment; or
c. hold a tertiary qualification in teaching.
4. Despite paragraph 61.245 (1) (a), the flight test must be conducted in an
approved flight simulation training device for the flight test.
Issued by Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder
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Who is Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder holding a current Flight
authorised to Examiner Rating or approval with a Flight Instructor Rating Flight
conduct the Test.
flight test
Documentation Application form for Simulator Instructor Rating use Form 61-2I.
10.7.3 Pilot Instructor Rating Endorsements
10.7.3.1 Part 1 Aircraft Category/Class Endorsements
Endorsement Activities Authorised
Grade 1 training endorsement Activities authorised by grade 2 instructor training endorsement
(category specific)
Supervise holders of grade 2 and grade 3 training
endorsements in the conduct of flight training in an aircraft of
the specified category
Grade 2 training endorsement Activities authorised by grade 3 training endorsement
(category specific)
Approve a student pilot to conduct a solo flight in an aircraft of
the specified category
Conduct flight training for an aircraft class rating for aircraft of
the specified category
Assess a knowledge deficiency report for the grant of a pilot
licence
Grade 3 training endorsement Conduct flight training for the specified aircraft category
rating
(Category specific
other than aeroplanes) Conduct flight training for a recreational pilot licence, private
pilot licence or commercial pilot licence, other than basic
instrument flight training
Conduct flight training for a recreational pilot licence
endorsement
Approve student pilot to conduct a solo flight in an aircraft of
the specified category, other than the student’s first solo flight
in an aircraft of that category
Conduct flight training for a single- engine aircraft class
rating for aircraft of the specified category
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Conduct flight training for the aeroplane category
rating
Conduct flight training for a recreational pilot licence,
private pilot licence or commercial pilot licence, other than
basic instrument flight training
Conduct flight training for a recreational pilot
licence endorsement
Approve a student pilot to conduct a solo flight in an
aeroplane, other than the student’s first solo flight in an
aeroplane
Conduct flight training for a single- engine aeroplane
class rating
Multi-crew pilot training endorsement Conduct flight training for a multi- crew pilot licence or
air transport pilot licence
Conduct training in multi-crew cooperation
Type rating training endorsement Conduct flight training for the pilot type rating or cruise
relief co-pilot type rating for aircraft of the specified
(type specific)
type
Conduct differences training for variants of the specified
aircraft type
Class rating training endorsement Conduct flight training for an aircraft class rating for
aircraft of the specified class
(class specific)
Design feature training endorsement Conduct flight training for any design feature
endorsement that the holder holds
10.7.3.2 Part 2 – Training for Operational Ratings
Endorsement Activities Authorised
Instrument rating training Conduct flight training for an instrument rating, private
endorsement instrument rating, instrument endorsement or private
instrument endorsement in an aircraft of the specified
(category specific)
category
Conduct basic instrument flight training for an
aircraft of the specified category
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Night VFR rating training Conduct flight training for a night VFR rating or night
endorsement VFR endorsement in an aircraft of the specified
category
(category specific)
Conduct basic instrument flight training for an
aircraft of the specified category
Night vision imaging system rating Conduct flight training for a night vision imaging system
training endorsement rating or night vision imaging system endorsement
Low-level rating training Conduct flight training for a low-level rating in an aircraft
endorsement of the specified category
(category specific) Conduct flight training for a low-level endorsement,
except an endorsement mentioned in items 8 or 9 of
table 61.1075, for the specified aircraft category
Aerial application rating (day) Conduct flight training for an aerial application rating in
training endorsement an aircraft of the specified category
(category specific) Conduct flight training for an aerial application
endorsement mentioned in Part 1 or 2 of table 61.1120
for the specified aircraft category
Aerial application rating Conduct flight training for an aerial application rating in
(night) training endorsement an aircraft of the specified category
(category specific) Conduct flight training for an aerial application
endorsement mentioned in Part 3 of table 61.1120 for the
specified aircraft category
Instructor rating training Conduct flight training for a flight instructor rating,
endorsement simulator instructor rating or training endorsement in an
aircraft of the specified category
(category specific)
Multi-engine aeroplane class Conduct flight training for a class rating (multi engine
rating instructor training aeroplane) training endorsement
endorsement
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10.7.3.3 Part 3 - Training for Flight Activity and Low Level Endorsements
Endorsement Activities Authorised
Sling operations training Conduct flight training for a sling operations
endorsement endorsement
Winch and rappelling operations Conduct flight training for a winch and rappelling
training endorsement operations endorsement
Spinning training endorsement Conduct flight training for a spinning flight activity
endorsement
Aerobatics training endorsement Conduct flight training for any of the following
endorsements:
(a) aerobatics flight activity endorsement.
(b) aerobatics (1 500) flight activity endorsement.
(c) aerobatics (1000) flight activity endorsement
(d) aerobatics (500) flight activity endorsement.
(e) aerobatics (unlimited) flight activity
endorsement.
(f) formation aerobatics flight activity endorsement
Formation (aeroplane) training Conduct flight training for a formation flying (aeroplane)
endorsement flight activity endorsement
Formation (helicopter) training Conduct flight training for a formation flying (helicopter)
endorsement flight activity endorsement
Formation aerobatics training Conduct flight training for a formation aerobatics flight
endorsement activity endorsement
10.7.4 Aerial Application Rating
The Aerial Application provides privileges for flight crew conducting operations which require
application of chemicals or water etc. from an aircraft. This can be crop spraying, water
bombing of fires etc.
Water bombing of fires draws privileges from the Firefighting Endorsement on the rating. This
has been done to provide a means by which flight crew who do not engage in agricultural
spraying operations can obtain a qualification specific to aerial firefighting operations.
In addition to the endorsements flight crew hold on the rating they must ensure they meet
state-based regulations for the dispersion of chemicals from aircraft.
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Licence Level Applicant must hold a Commercial Pilot Licence or higher (CASR 61.1115
Pre-requisite (1)(a).
Requirements 1. An applicant for an aerial application endorsement mentioned in column 1
for the issue of of an item of table 61.1120 must hold:
Aerial a. an aerial application rating; and
Application b. the rating or endorsement mentioned in column 3 of the item.
Rating
2. The applicant must also have:
a. completed flight training for the endorsement; and
b. met the aeronautical experience requirements mentioned in
column 3 of the item; and
c. passed the flight test mentioned in the Part 61 Manual of
Standards for the endorsement: and
d. for an endorsement mentioned in column 1 of an item in Part
1 or 2 of table 61.1120:
e. met the requirements for the grant of the low-level
endorsement for an aircraft of the relevant category; and
f. passed the aeronautical knowledge examination for the
endorsement
Issued by Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder
Who is Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder holding a current Flight Examiner
authorised to Rating or approval with an Aerial Application Flight Test endorsement for the
conduct the category
flight test The Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder must have held a valid Class
1 Medical IAW 61.415 at the time the Flight Test was undertaken.
Documentation Application form for Aerial Application Rating use Form 61-2I.
10.7.4.1 Part 1—Aircraft category/class endorsements
Endorsement Activities Authorised
Aeroplane aerial application Pilot an aeroplane conducting an aerial application
endorsement operation, other than a firefighting operation, below 500
ft AGL by day
Pilot an aeroplane conducting a low-level operation
Helicopter aerial application Pilot a helicopter conducting an aerial application
endorsement operation, other than a firefighting operation, below 500
ft AGL by day
Pilot a helicopter conducting a low-level operation
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Gyroplane aerial application Pilot a gyroplane conducting an aerial application
endorsement operation, other than a firefighting operation, below 500
ft AGL by day
Pilot a gyroplane conducting a low-level operation
10.7.4.2 Part 2 – Firefighting Endorsements
Aeroplane firefighting endorsement Pilot an aeroplane conducting a firefighting operation
below 500 ft AGL
Pilot an aeroplane conducting a low-level operation
Helicopter firefighting endorsement Pilot a helicopter conducting a firefighting operation
below 500 ft AGL
Pilot a helicopter conducting a low-level operation
10.7.4.3 Part 3 - Night Aerial Application endorsements
Endorsement Activities Authorised
Night Aeroplane aerial application Pilot an aeroplane conducting an aerial application
endorsement operation below 500 ft AGL under the VFR at night
Pilot an aeroplane under the VFR during a night circuit
Pilot an aeroplane under the VFR at night on a flight
between the aerodrome at which the flight begins or ends
and the area in which the aerial application operation is to
take place
Night Helicopter aerial application Pilot a helicopter conducting an aerial application
endorsement operation below 500 ft AGL under the VFR at night
Pilot a helicopter under the VFR during a night circuit
Pilot a helicopter under the VFR at night on a flight
between the aerodrome at which the flight begins or ends
and the area in which the aerial application operation is to
take place
Night Gyroplane aerial application Pilot a gyroplane conducting an aerial application
endorsement operation below 500 ft AGL under the VFR at night
Pilot a gyroplane under the VFR during a night circuit
Pilot a gyroplane under the VFR at night on a flight
between the aerodrome at which the flight begins or
ends and the area in which the aerial application
operation is to take place
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10.7.5 Flight Examiner Rating
The Flight Examiner Rating provides the holder privileges to conduct flight tests for licences,
aircraft category ratings and operational ratings and their respective endorsements. The
examiner issues all qualifications except the issue of a licence and the associated category
rating.
Flight Examiners also hold the privilege to revalidate operational ratings requiring proficiency
checks. The privileges a Flight Examiner holds are given by way of endorsements.
Flight Examiner Ratings are issued and revalidated by CASA. CASA requires Flight
Examiners to undertake a mandatory periodic professional development program to maintain
the privileges of the rating.
Process for the application and issue of a Flight Examiner Rating:
Step 1: Applicant applies to CASA via Form 61-FER to the FTO for assessment of
qualifications and approval to undertake training.
Step 2: If successful applicant must pay the fee prior to commencing training.
Licence Level Applicant must hold a Commercial or Air Transport pilot Licence (61.1290
Pre-requisite (1)(a)).
Aeronautical No aeronautical examination for the rating is required.
Knowledge
Requirements An applicant for a Flight Examiner rating must meet the requirements for the
for the issue of a grant of: (61.1290 (1)(b))
Flight Examiner
1. at least one flight test endorsement
Rating 2. completed a course of training for the rating that:
a. is conducted by CASA or the holder of an approval under
regulation 61.040 to conduct the course; and
b. includes the content mentioned in the Part 61 Manual of
Standards for the course: and
c. passed the flight test mentioned in the Part 61 Manual of
Standards for the flight examiner rating: and
d. successfully completed an interview conducted by CASA.
Note: An applicant successfully completes an interview if the applicant
satisfies CASA that he or she has the necessary skills and experience to be
granted a flight examiner rating.
Issued by CASA
Who is CASA or a 61.040 approval holder will issue and revalidate Flight Examiner
authorised to Ratings
conduct the
flight test
Documentation Application form for Flight Examiner Rating use 61-FER.
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Privileges A flight examiner is authorised:
a. to conduct flight tests for the grant of:
i. pilot licences; and
ii. ratings on pilot licences, other than cruise relief flight
engineer type ratings; and
iii. endorsements on pilot licences; and
b. to grant to holders of pilot licences:
i. ratings, other than:
ii. flight examiner ratings; and
iii. cruise relief flight engineer type ratings; and
iv. endorsements, other than flight test endorsements; and
c. to conduct the following proficiency checks for holders of pilot
licences:
i. instrument proficiency checks;
ii. night vision imaging system proficiency checks.
iii. aerial application proficiency checks.
iv. instructor proficiency checks.
v. operator proficiency checks; and
vi. to conduct assessments of English language proficiency
for Level 6.
Note: A flight examiner is authorised to conduct a flight test in an aircraft
only if the flight test for the examiner’s flight examiner rating was conducted
in an aircraft.
Limitations There are a range of limitations applicable to the Flight Examiner Rating.
Please see Part 61.U for a full listing of limitations.
10.7.5.1 Part 1—Flight test endorsements
Endorsement Activities Authorised
Private pilot licence flight test Conduct a flight test for any of the following
endorsement (category authorisations in an aircraft of the specified category:
specific)
a. recreational pilot licence.
b. private pilot licence.
c. the specified aircraft category rating on a
recreational pilot licence or private pilot
licence.
d. single engine aeroplane class rating.
e. single engine helicopter class rating.
f. single engine gyroplane class rating.
g. airship class rating
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Commercial pilot licence flight test Conduct a flight test for an authorisation mentioned in
endorsement (category specific) column 2 of item 1.
Conduct a flight test for any of the following
authorisations in an aircraft of the specified category:
a. commercial pilot licence.
b. the specified aircraft category rating on a
commercial pilot licence
Air transport pilot licence flight test Conduct a flight test for any of the following
endorsement (category specific) authorisations in an aircraft of the specified category:
a. multi crew pilot licence.
b. air transport pilot licence
c. the specified aircraft category rating
on an air transport pilot licence.
d. if the aeroplane category is specified—
multi engine aeroplane class ratings.
e. instrument rating
Multi-engine aeroplane class Conduct a flight test for a multi- engine aeroplane class
rating flight test endorsement rating
Type rating flight test Conduct a flight test for either of the following ratings in
endorsement (type specific) an aircraft of the specified type:
a. pilot type rating.
b. cruise relief co-pilot type rating
Instrument rating flight test Conduct a flight test in an aircraft of the specified
endorsement (category specific) category for any of the following:
a. instrument rating;
b. private instrument rating;
c. instrument endorsement;
d. private instrument endorsement
Conduct an instrument proficiency check in an aircraft of
the specified category
Night VFR rating flight test Conduct a flight test for a night VFR rating or night VFR
endorsement (category specific) endorsement in an aircraft of the specified category
Night vision imaging system rating Conduct a flight test for a night vision imaging system
flight test endorsement rating or night vision imaging system endorsement
Conduct a night vision imaging system proficiency check
Low level rating flight test Conduct a flight test for a low level rating or low level
endorsement (category specific) endorsement in an aircraft of the specified category
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Aerial application rating flight test Conduct a flight test for any of the following in an aircraft
endorsement (category specific) of the specified category:
a. aerial application rating;
b. aerial application endorsement;
c. low level rating;
d. low level endorsement
Conduct an aerial application proficiency check in an
aircraft of the specified category
Flight instructor rating flight test Conduct a flight test for any of the following in an aircraft
endorsement (category specific) of the specified category:
a. flight instructor rating;
b. simulator instructor rating;
c. training endorsement
Conduct an instructor proficiency check in an aircraft of
the specified category
10.7.5.2 Part 2—Other flight examiner endorsements
English language assessment Conduct a level 6 aviation English language
endorsement proficiency assessment
Conduct a general English language proficiency
assessment
10.7.6 Low Level Rating
A Low Level Rating provides the holder privileges to conduct an operation in an aircraft below
500ft AGL. Helicopter operations for winching and rappelling and sling loads which in the past
have been classed as “special design feature endorsements” require flight crew to hold a Low
Level Rating with endorsements for those operations.
Licence Level Applicant must hold a Private Pilot Licence or higher (CASR 61.1070 (1)(a).
Pre-requisite
Requirements 1. An applicant for a low-level rating must:
for the issue of a. hold a private pilot licence, commercial pilot licence or air
Low level Rating transport pilot licence; and
61.1070 b. meet the requirements for the grant of at least one
endorsement mentioned in Part 1 of table 61.1075; and
c. have passed the flight test mentioned in the Part 61 Manual
of Standards for the low-level rating.
d. Despite paragraph 61.245 (1)(a), the flight test must be
conducted in an aircraft.
e. The holder of an aerial application rating is taken to meet the
requirements for the grant of, and to have applied for, a
f. low-level rating.
Issued by Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder
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Who is FLIGHT EXAMINER or approved 61.040 holder holding a current flight
authorised to examiner rating or approval with a LOW LEVEL FLIGHT TEST or AERIAL
conduct the flight APPLICATION FLIGHT TEST
test • The Flight Examiner or approved 61.040 holder must have held a valid
Class 1 Medical IAW 61.415 at the time the Flight Test was undertaken.
Documentation Application form for Low Level Rating use Form 61-2I.
Endorsements on Low Level Endorsements
the Rating
10.7.6.1 Part 1 – General
Endorsement Activities Authorised
Aeroplane low-level endorsement Conduct a low-level operation in an aeroplane, other
than an operation mentioned in Part 2 of table 61.1075
Helicopter low-level endorsement Conduct a low-level operation in a helicopter, other than
an operation mentioned in Part 2 of table 61.1075
Powered-lift aircraft low-level Conduct a low-level operation in a powered-lift aircraft,
endorsement other than an operation mentioned in Part 2 of table
61.1075
Gyroplane low-level endorsement Conduct a low-level operation in a gyroplane, other than
an operation mentioned in Part 2 of table 61.1075
10.7.6.2 Part 2 – Specific low-level activities
Aerial mustering – aeroplane Conduct an aerial mustering operation in an
endorsement aeroplane
Aerial mustering – helicopter Conduct an aerial mustering operation in a
endorsement helicopter
Aerial mustering – gyroplane Conduct an aerial mustering operation in a
endorsement gyroplane
Sling operations endorsement Conduct a sling load operation in a helicopter
Winch and rappelling operations Conduct a winch or rappelling operation in a
endorsement helicopter
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11 Certificate of Validation
11.1 Introduction of Types of Authorisations Available to Overseas
Pilots
Under the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 (CASR) no person may act as flight crew of
an Australian registered aircraft unless he or she holds an appropriate “civil aviation
authorisation” issued under the CASR. The authorisation may be called a, licence, certificate,
or rating.
Various types of authorisations are available to qualified foreign pilots who hold an ICAO
licence and wish to fly Australian-registered aircraft either in Australia or overseas (see the
ICAO website for a list of Contracting States).
‘Colonies’ of existing ICAO contracting states are not deemed to be contracting states
themselves and therefore flight crew licences issued by them are not ICAO endorsed. For
example, a Falklands Island Flight Crew Licence is not ICAO endorsed.
The CASA website provides guidance to overseas pilots who wish to obtain Australian flight
crew licences under “For the Aviation Industry— Exams and licences—Recognition of
Overseas Qualifications”.
Holders of New Zealand professional licences have the option of applying for recognition
under the Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Act 1997 (TTMRA). See Chapter 13 Issuing
Australian Flight Crew Licences under the TTMRA.
11.2 Verification of Overseas Licenses and Ratings
Flight crew licences and aircraft, type ratings endorsed on an overseas licence or certificate
must be verified by CASA with the issuing regulatory authority before issuing a Certificate of
Validation.
Delays may be experienced while awaiting replies from overseas regulatory authorities.
Applicants need to take this into account when applying for certificates of validation.
Note: Verification reports received from a national aviation authority are valid for 6 months
from the date the report was issued. After this time CSC will require an updated verification
report from the national aviation authority to be able to assess the application
11.3 Right of Entry into Australia and Work Permits
The conditions covering the right of entry into Australia and work permits are determined by
the Department of Immigration and Border Protection (DIBP). Overseas pilots desiring to enter
Australia should address enquiries about entry visas and work permits to DIPB through their
nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consular Office in their home country.
Background, immigration and confirmation of licence/qualification checks will be conducted for
all applicants for a flight crew licence.
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11.4 Privileges of a CoV
A Certificate of Validation (CoV) permits the holder of an overseas authorisation to fly an
Australian-registered aircraft for a specific operation and for a period of up to twelve (12)
months. The CoV has the effect of an Australian flight crew licence, aircraft category rating
and any other rating, with the proviso that the privileges transferred to the CoV do not exceed
the foreign qualifications.
Examples of Privileges:
1. Fly an Australian-registered aircraft which is based overseas
2. Ferry an Australian-registered aircraft overseas, between overseas countries or from
overseas to Australia
3. Conduct demonstration flights in an Australian-registered aircraft in Australia and overseas
4. Foreign pilots who conduct type rating training of Australian flight crew on Australian-
registered aircraft
5. Undertake type rating training with an approved Part 142 training provider
6. A combination of the above
Note: Overseas student pilots intending to fly with an instructor at all times do not need to hold
a CoV or any form of Australian flight crew licence
11.5 Types of CoV’s
11.5.1 CoV for Private Day VFR Operations
This certificate permits the holder to conduct private flying operations under the Day VFR only
whilst on holiday in Australia. It does not allow the holder to conduct commercial operational.
11.5.2 CoV for Commercial Operations
Applicants for a commercial CoV may be required to pass an aeronautical knowledge exam/s,
for example Commercial Air Law exam. They may also be required to undertake a flight test.
In lieu of the requirement for a theory exam and/or a flight test, the CoV may be issued subject
to operational conditions:
a. such as the flight crew they are operating with must include an Australian
Commercial Pilot or an Air Transport Pilot Licence holder at all times they are
operating.
b. Or that the CoV is restricted to flights with a particular operator. These
conditions will be considered and determined by CASA and will be reflected
on the actual certificate.
11.5.3 CoV for Flight Engineers
Flight Engineers seeking a CoV would not be required to pass any exams or licence flight test
but would be limited to type specific operations with a nominated company.
11.5.4 Overseas Private Balloon Pilots
CASA does not issue CoVs to overseas private balloon pilots. Pilots seeking validation of an
overseas balloon licence for private operations need to contact the Australian Ballooning
Federation (ABF).
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11.5.5 Overseas Ultralight or Glider Pilots
CASA does not issue CoVs to overseas ultralight or glider pilots. Pilots seeking to operate
ultralights in Australia must apply to the:
a. Recreational Aviation Australia or;
b. Gliding Federation of Australia for a pilot certificate.
11.5.6 Currency of a CoV
Unless otherwise approved by CASA, a CoV expires on whenever any of the following occurs
first:
a. Expiry of the overseas licence
b. Expiry of the overseas medical certificate
The CASRs provide for a CoV to be granted for a period of up to 12 months. If the CoV is
required for, say, three weeks, because that is the expected duration of the pilot’s visit or the
intended operation, you should limit the CoV to that period or, to allow for unforeseen
circumstances that may delay an operation, you may issue the CoV valid for four weeks.
In accordance with CASR 61.325, CoVs that have been issued for a period of less than 12
months may be renewed for the remainder of a 12 month continuous period or reissue a CoV
which has expired less than 3 months under the following circumstances:
a. if the person has successfully passed the aeronautical knowledge
examination for the flight crew licence under CASR Part 61 that is equivalent
to the overseas flight crew licence to which this certificate relates, OR
b. CASA is satisfied that exceptional circumstances justify the renewal. Such
circumstances would include there being no published standard in the Part 61
MOS for the examination for the licence or an emergency operational need
exists, for example, aerial firefighting operations (during the Australian fire
season).
11.6 Prerequisites for Issue of a CoV
11.6.1 Applicant
1. Holds a valid and current overseas licence (ICAO) and medical certificate:
a. Issued by the same regulatory authority
b. Appropriate to the operations the pilot wants to conduct in Australia, e.g. if the
pilot wants to engage in commercial VFR operations, he or she must hold at
least a CPL.
2. be rated for the relevant category type or class of aircraft that is on their foreign licence
− This must be confirmed with the issuing regulatory authority by email or fax
3. Passes any examination or tests that CASA considers necessary in the interests of the
safety of air navigation
Note: In some cases, the requirement to pass an examination or flight test may be
waived in favour of operational conditions that limit the circumstances under which the
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holder may exercise the privileges of the CoV; these conditions must be stated on the
certificate.
4. A current ICAO Level 4 ELP standard or higher
5. Is deemed to be a fit and proper person to hold the CoV (refer CASR 11.055)
6. Hold an Aviation Security Status Check (refers Aviation Transport Security Regulations
2005 regulation 6.55 and 6.59 refers)
7. Has paid the appropriate fee
11.6.2 Aeronautical Experience
The pilot is not required to satisfy the Australian aeronautical experience requirements if the
applicant holds the equivalent or higher class of licence overseas. However, CASA reserves
the right to determine if an applicant will need to pass an exam or flight test in the interests of
the safety of air navigation.
11.6.3 Medical Certificate
The overseas pilot requires a valid and current overseas medical certificate issued by the
same authority that issued the overseas pilot licence. A CoV is valid and current only while the
overseas licence and medical certificate are current. An Australian medical certificate cannot
be used in lieu of an expired overseas medical certificate.
11.6.4 English Language Proficiency
CoVs may be issued to an applicant whose English language proficiency is assessed to be at
least ICAO AELP level 4 standards. Before granting the CoV, the applicant will need to
present to CASA their overseas licence endorsed with English language proficiency to at least
level 4 standards. Alternatively, the applicant can obtain an English language assessment
from an authorised assessor in Australia or where the holder is exercising the certificate of
validation in another ICAO contracting state, the holder meets any English language
proficiency requirements of that state.
11.6.5 Conditions on the Issue of a CoV
CASR Subpart 61.C specifies the preconditions for the issue of a CoV.
These conditions must be met prior to the issue of the CoV. This means that if an Overseas
Conversion exam is imposed on the applicant under CASR 61.290(2)(b) and 61.290(4), the
requirement must be met prior to the issue.
CASR 11.056 empowers CASA to impose conditions on a CoV which are deemed to be in the
interest of safety. The conditions must not undermine the validity of the CoV; they may only
limit the circumstances under which the holder may exercise the privilege of the Certificate.
The standard conditions are summarised in CoV Reference Table. All conditions must be
stated on the CoV.
Examples of the conditions you may impose include that the CoV is valid only:
a. While the holder is accompanied by the holder of an Australian CPL(A) with a
command (aeroplane) instrument rating and a command type rating for the
type or class.
b. For co-pilot duties with {name of aviation company}
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c. For the purpose of ferrying {type of aircraft} from {port of departure} to {port of
arrival} on {date}
d. Only if all flights are authorised by the chief pilot of the aviation company
e. Only if all flights are conducted in Class G airspace and outside CTAF(R)s.
11.6.6 Flight Reviews/Recency
The holder of a certificate of validation for an overseas flight crew licence that is equivalent to
an Australian pilot licence is authorised to pilot an aircraft only if the holder has complied with
the recent experience requirements mentioned in CASR 61.395 for the exercise of the
privileges of the Australian pilot licence.
The holder of a certificate of validation for an overseas rating that is equivalent to an
Australian rating is authorised to pilot an aircraft only if the holder has complied with the recent
experience requirements mentioned in CASR 61 for the exercise of the privileges of the
Australian rating.
A flight review or revalidation provisions may not be required if:
1. The operation is:
a. To be conducted entirely overseas
b. To be conducted in Australia and the flight crew includes an appropriately
qualified Australian pilot
c. A ferry operation which:
i. Departs an Australian coastal port to fly directly to an overseas
destination
ii. Terminates in an Australian coastal port
11.6.7 Restrictions Imposed on the Overseas Licence/Medical Certificate
As the privileges of a CoV may not exceed the foreign qualifications held, any operational or
medical restrictions endorsed on the overseas licence and/or medical certificate must be
transferred to the CoV.
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11.6.8 Aircraft Type ratings on a CoV
The CoV must specify the classes and/or aircraft type ratings that the pilot may operate in
Australia. If the overseas pilot intends to fly only one or a few types of aircraft, the CoV should
be limited to those types.
The CoV permits the holder to either:
1. Fly Australian-registered aircraft of the class or type for which he or she is already rated on
overseas
2. Undergo training for the issue of a new type rating.
11.6.9 Flight Crew Ratings on a CoV
A prerequisite to undertaking a rating flight test is that the candidate must hold either an
Australian Private or higher pilot licence, or a CoV that has equivalent effect.
Rating privileges on a CoV may be subject to operational conditions.
11.6.10 Application Requirements for a CoV
When applying for a CoV, the overseas pilot must:
1. Present a certified/notarised copy of his or her:
2. Licence
3. Medical or validity certificate
4. Logbook/s
5. Completed Form 61-4COV (Certificate of Validation Application)
6. An official translation of the documentation if the documentation is in another language
7. Evidence of a current AELP 4 – 6 level
8. Holds an aviation security status check
9. Pay the application processing fee
The applicant needs to advise CASA when the CoV is desired. If the start date is not known
by CASA, the CoV will be issued as soon as it can be finalised. Otherwise, the CoV will be
issued as close to the date requested. The applicant needs to make clear what the purpose is
for requiring a CoV so that it can be assessed and issued with the appropriate conditions and
privileges.
Copies (certified/notarised) of logbook pages are required to verify the experience the pilot
has accrued on different aircraft types.
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11.6.11 CoV Reference Table
* At CASA’s direction
** May be waived at CASA’s discretion in lieu of operational conditions being placed on the CoV
CoV Type Location Prerequisites for Issue Standard Comments
of Conditions
Operation
Commercial Pilot
Day VFR Foreign 1. Valid and current As per foreign Foreign licence
foreign licence and licence/medical and medical to
medical certificate. be issued by the
2. Meets standard for same regulatory
Aviation English authority.
proficiency levels 4,
5 or 6.
1. As per foreign
Australian 1. Valid and current
licence/
Territory foreign licence and
medical.
medical certificate.
2. If determined
2. Meets standard for
by CASA
Aviation English
proficiency levels 4,
5 or 6.
3. Air Law exam*
4. CPL flight test*
5. Aeronautical
knowledge exam*
IFR Non- 1. Valid and current As per foreign Foreign licence
Australian foreign licence and licence/medical and medical to
Territory medical certificate. be issued by the
2. Foreign IFR Rating same regulatory
3. Meets standard for authority
Aviation English
proficiency levels 4,
5 or 6.
1. As per foreign
Australian 1. Valid and current
licence/
Territory foreign licence and
medical.
medical certificate.
2. If determined
2. Foreign IFR rating
by CASA
3. Meets standard for
Aviation English
proficiency levels 4,
5 or 6
4. IREX*
5. Flight test IFR*
CoV Type Location Prerequisites for Issue Standard Comments
of Conditions
Operation
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NVFR Non- 1. Hold a foreign NVFR
Australian or an equivalent
Territory qualification
2. Meets standard for
Aviation English
proficiency levels 4,
5 or 6
Australian 1. Flight review and an
Territory oral quiz
2. NVFR flight test*
Instructor Non- No Recognition As per foreign Foreign licence
Australian licence/medical and medical to
Territory be issued by the
1. As per foreign same regulatory
Australian 1. Valid and current
licence/ authority
Territory foreign licence and
medical.
medical certificate.
2. If determined
2. Meets standard for
by CASA
Aviation English
proficiency levels 4,
5 or 6.
3. Foreign instructor
rating
4. PIRC exam
5. Air Law exam*
Aerial Non- 1. Valid and current As per foreign Foreign licence
Application Australian foreign licence and licence/medical and medical to
Territory medical certificate. /rating be issued by the
2. Meets standard for same regulatory
Aviation English authority
proficiency levels 4,
5 and 6
1. As per foreign
Australian 1. Valid and current
licence/medical
Territory foreign licence and
2. AG privileges
medical certificate.
usually tied to
2. Meets standard for
a nominated
Aviation English
operator.
proficiency levels
4,5 or 6
3. Meets minimum
hours requirement
as per Table in Reg
61.1120
4. Foreign Ag rating.
5. Air Law exam*.
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12 Issuing Australian Licences on the Basis of Overseas
Qualifications
CASA is not to issue a flight crew licence to an applicant unless the relevant requirements of
regulation 6.57 of the Aviation Transport Security Regulations 2005 are met.
12.1 Requirements for the Recognition of Overseas Flight Crew
Authorisations
12.1.1 For recognition of an overseas authorisation to issue a Private
Pilot Licence (PPL)
In accordance with CASR 61.275, CASA will accept that the requirements for the issue of an
Australian flight crew licence with an aircraft rating are met, only if the holder of an overseas
flight crew licence (issued by an ICAO Contracting State) with an aircraft category rating and
provides evidence that satisfies CASA, that the licence and any rating on it is at least
equivalent to the Australian licence and rating being requested.
1. the applicant is at least the minimum age for the grant of the Australian licence; and
2. the applicant holds an authorisation to operate an aircraft radio; and
3. either the applicant’s overseas licence states that the applicant has a current ICAO level 4
aviation English language proficiency standard or higher or the applicant has a current
aviation English language proficiency assessment.
12.1.2 Recognition of an overseas authorisation for the issue a
Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL), Multi-Crew Pilot Licence (MPL)
or Air Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)
In addition to the requirements for the issue of a CPL, MPL and ATPL can only be issued if;
▪ In addition to 61.275 to meet the requirements a letter will be issued to the
applicant stating what can be recognised based off foreign qualifications and also
what any other requirements are needed to be issued the equivalent authorisations
in Australia.
Note: The expiry for the letters will be 12 months from the date of issue.
12.1.3 Recognition of an overseas authorisation for the grant of an
aircraft rating
CASA will accept that the requirements for the issue of an aircraft rating are met, if the holder
of an overseas flight crew licence with an aircraft rating provides evidence that satisfies CASA
that it is at least equivalent to the Australian aircraft rating being requested and;
1. The applicant holds, or have held an overseas rating; and
2. CASA is satisfied that the applicant has completed the aeronautical experience required
for the grant of the Australian rating.
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12.1.4 Recognition of an overseas authorisation for the grant of an
operational rating
CASA will accept that the requirements for the issue of an operational rating are met, if the
holder of an overseas flight crew licence with an operational rating provides evidence that
satisfies CASA that it is at least equivalent to the Australian rating being requested and;
1. a person mentioned in regulation CASR 61.275 (5) certifies in writing that the applicant is
competent in each unit of competency mentioned in the Part 61 Manual of Standards for
the Australian rating: and
2. the applicant passes the aeronautical knowledge examination for the Australian rating; and
3. CASA is satisfied that the applicant has completed the aeronautical experience required
for the grant of the Australian rating; and
4. the applicant passes the flight test mentioned in the Part 61 Manual of Standards for the
Australian rating.
5. In addition to 61.275 to meet the requirements a letter will be issued to the applicant
stating what can be recognised based off foreign qualifications and also what any other
requirements are needed to be issued the equivalent authorisations in Australia
Note: The expiry for the letters will be 12 months from the date of issue.
Note: The letter will also state any other requirements that might be required to complete the
conversion.
12.1.5 Recognition of an overseas authorisation for the grant of a flight
crew licence endorsement
CASA will accept that the requirements for the grant of a flight crew endorsement are met if
the holder of an overseas flight crew licence with a flight crew licence endorsement provides
evidence that satisfies CASA that it is at least equivalent to the Australian endorsement being
requested; and if the requirements for the grant of the endorsement include passing a flight
test — the applicant passes the flight test. In addition to 61.275 to meet the requirements a
letter will be issued to the applicant stating what can be recognised based off foreign
qualifications and also what any other requirements are needed to be issued the equivalent
authorisations in Australia.
Note: The expiry for the letters will be 12 months from the date of issue.
CASA does not recognise co-pilot aircraft type ratings under CASR Part 61. This includes
other similar limiting remarks such as second-in-command, first officer or P2 that might appear
on a foreign licence or verification.
12.1.6 Verification of Overseas Licenses, Ratings and Endorsements
Flight crew licences, aircraft ratings, operational ratings endorsements will be verified by
CASA with the issuing regulatory authority before recognising an Australian equivalent. This
must be in writing by email to the overseas regulatory authority
Delays of a few weeks may be experienced while awaiting replies from overseas regulatory
authorities.
Note: Verification reports received from a national aviation authority are valid for 6 months
from the date the report was issued. After this time CSC will require an updated verification
report from the national aviation authority
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12.1.7 Grant of pilot type ratings on basis of overseas training and
assessment
CASA will accept that the requirements of CASR 61.810, the issue of an aircraft type rating,
are met if the holder of an Australian flight crew licence provides evidence that satisfies CASA
that it is at least equivalent to the Australian rating being requested. CASR 202.278 outlines
the requirements for the grant of a pilot type ratings on basis of overseas training and
assessment:
1. Training must be conducted by a training provider that is authorised by the national
aviation authority of a recognised foreign State to conduct the training, for the grant of an
overseas rating; and
2. the applicant has been assessed, by a person who is authorised by the same national
aviation authority (that authorised the training provider) of the recognised foreign State to
conduct the assessment, as meeting the flight test standard for the grant of the overseas
rating; and
3. the training meets the standards specified in the Part 61 Manual of Standards for training
for the rating: and
4. the rating, for which the overseas training has be undertaken, is at least equivalent to the
Australian rating. Note that CASA no longer issues or recognises co-pilot aircraft type
ratings under CASR Part 61. If CASA is not satisfied that the training is at a standard that
allows the pilot to fly that type in command, then the type will not be issued.
12.1.8 Recognition of Overseas Training Courses – Flight Simulators
Flight simulators must be qualified under Part 60 of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations, or in
the case of a foreign flight simulator, it must be qualified by their relevant over-sighting
National Aviation Authority (NAA).
A list of NAAs that are currently recognised by CASA are outlined in AC 60-2. However, other
foreign simulator providers that are not on the list may have alternative certificate/s of
approvals issued to them from the Federal Aviation Authority, European Aviation Safety
Authority or the United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority to undergo simulator training and
testing; and who employ appropriately qualified training and testing officers also approved by
those recognised NAAs.
If an Australian flight crew licence holder can demonstrate, by presenting to CASA relevant
certificate/s, exhibiting such approvals issued by one of these authorities, then CASA may well
be able to recognise the training received for assessment purposes for issue of an overseas
aircraft type rating qualification on a CASA licence.
Training for a type rating completed overseas and not on an overseas licence can be
recognised by CASA if it is satisfied that it is equivalent to the Australian rating being
requested. The applicant must provide certain records (completed and signed) from an
overseas training provider that show that the applicant has satisfactorily undergone training
and assessment that CASA is satisfied is equivalent to the training and assessment that
would be required in Australia for the issue of that type rating.
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13 Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Act (TTMRA)
Under the Civil Aviation Act 1988 no person may act as flight crew of an Australian registered
aircraft unless he or she holds an appropriate “civil aviation authorisation” issued under the
Civil Aviation Regulations. The authorisation may be called an authority, licence, certificate,
rating, endorsement or another name.
The Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Act (TTMRA) 1997 is legislation which provides for the
recognition of occupations in Australia and New Zealand and allows the freedom of individuals
to work in either country.
The TTMRA means that with the exception of a few exclusions and exemptions, all goods and
business regulatory standards adopted in NZ will be recognised in Australia as if they were
Australian standards and vice versa. From an aviation perspective this means that NZ
professional flight crew licences (CPL and ATPL) can be a basis upon which the holder may
be eligible for the grant of equivalent Australian qualifications.
13.1 Applicant Requirements
13.1.1 Commercial Pilot (Aeroplane or Helicopter) Licence
The applicant:
1. is at least 18 years of age
2. has contacted the CAANZ and provided them with the required form to release the details
of their flight crew licence to CSC
3. has an ARN
4. holds a current professional New Zealand Flight Crew Licence, which is not suspended,
cancelled, or restricted
5. holds a minimum of Level 4 Aviation English Language Proficiency (AELP) rating in
accordance with the ICAO Standard on language proficiency for flight crew. If you do not
have the minimum acceptable ELP on your NZ licence, you may undertake an
assessment in Australia to obtain one – for more information, see the CASA webpage.
CASA will not accept a NZ ELP assessment that has not been notated on the actual flight
crew licence.
6. has completed the Australian Statutory Declaration and has had this document signed by
an approved person.
7. has the supporting documentation certified as true copies of the original by an approved
person, if documents are not certified as part of the Statutory Declaration, including New
Zealand licence, New Zealand medical certificate and logbook pages
8. pays the licence fee (refer to payment advice section of Form 760, all fees are AUD). Each
licence level and category require a separate fee, for example, CPL(A) & CPL(H) must be
paid as separate applications
9. has completed Form 760 (TTMRA Application) in full and signed the declaration.
13.1.2 Air Transport Pilot (Aeroplane and Helicopter) Licence
The applicant:
1. is at least 21 years of age
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2. has contacted the CAANZ and provided them with the required form to release the details
of their flight crew licence to CSC
3. holds a current professional New Zealand Flight Crew Licence, which is not suspended,
cancelled, or restricted
4. holds a current NZ Instrument Rating proficiency check conducted as a multi crew
operation on a multi-engine turbine powered aircraft (ATPL Aeroplane Category ONLY)
5. holds a current minimum of Level 4 Aviation English Language Proficiency assessment
(ELP) in accordance with the ICAO Standard on language proficiency for flight crew. If you
do not have the minimum acceptable ELP on your NZ licence, you may undertake an
assessment in Australia to obtain one – for more information, see the CASA webpage.
6. has completed the Australian Statutory Declaration and has had this document signed by
an approved person.
7. has the supporting documentation certified as true copies of the original by an approved
person, if documents are not certified as part of the Statutory Declaration, including New
Zealand licence, New Zealand medical certificate and logbook pages
8. pays the licence fee (refer to payment advice section of Form 760, all fees are AUD). Each
licence level and category require a separate fee, for example, ATP(A)L & ATP(H)L must
be paid as separate applications
9. has completed Form 760 (TTMRA Application) in full and signed the declaration.
Note: CASA does not recognise NZ military qualifications for the issue of Australian
qualifications. You must convert these to civilian qualifications with the CAANZ prior to
submission to CASA.
Note: A NZ licence holder is required to complete an Application for Licence Verification form
from CAA NZ website along with some identification, requesting that CAA NZ release
information regarding their licence details to CASA. This needs to be completed before
applying for a licence under the TTMRA.
13.2 Statutory Declarations (Mandatory with ALL TTMRA
Applications)
This application must also be accompanied with a Commonwealth of Australia Statutory
Declaration form and signed by an appropriate person.
As the TTMRA represents Commonwealth law, Australian Commonwealth statutory
declaration forms MUST be used. State or territory statutory declaration forms will not be
accepted. Commonwealth forms may be available at Australia Post Offices, police stations in
Australia, or Australian consulates or embassies outside of Australia. Otherwise, Statutory
Declaration (SD) forms may be accessed from the internet link provided above.
The Statutory Declarations Regulations 1993 provides a list of persons (on the back of a SD
form) before whom a declaration can be made. The persons listed are persons holding
Australian qualifications or occupations so that, for example, a reference to a legal practitioner
is a reference to a legal practitioner registered to practice their occupation in Australia.
Therefore, a person presenting a statutory declaration form in New Zealand must make it
before a Commonwealth of Australia officer or Australian Consular Officer if they cannot find a
person otherwise listed (on the back of the form) who is registered and licensed to practice
their profession (or trade) in Australia.
Note: A NZ doctor who is a CASA DAME may not be eligible to sign an Australian Statutory
Declaration form. They must be licensed to practice medicine in a state of Australia and must
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also provide their Australian Medical Practitioners Registration Number in addition to their
DAME number.
13.3 Required Information for Application Process
13.3.1 ARN (Aviation Reference Number) Application (including
identification)
An ARN is a requirement before an initial issue of an Australian flight crew licence.
Applications for an ARN should be made on online.
13.3.2 Background Security Checks
An Australian flight crew licence may be issued under the TTMRA without an aviation security
status (ASSC) check being completed. However, the holder of that licence will only be able to
utilise the privileges of the licence once a security check application has been received and
processed by CASA (ASIC or AVID application). If the licence holder needs to access a
security-controlled airport, he/she must hold a current ASIC.
A person, who obtains a flight crew licence under the TTMRA and subsequently fails the
ASSC, may have their licence suspended or cancelled. More information on security checks
can be found on the ASICs and AVIDs page on the CASA website.
If you wish to use your Australian licence, issued under the TTMRA, as soon as possible,
CASA recommends you submit an ASIC application with your TTMRA application (ASIC or
AVID application form, depending on your requirements to access a security-controlled
airport). Security clearances are usually completed within 4-6 weeks however time may vary
depending.
13.3.3 Medical Certificate
Applicants cannot exercise the privileges of their Australian Licence once it is issued until they
have been issued an Australian medical certificate or are exempted from the requirement.
13.3.4 Required Documentation
The following documents must be submitted to CASA:
1. Completed TTMRA Application Form 760
2. Copy of your Current New Zealand licence – both sides
3. Copy of your Current New Zealand medical certificate – all pages (back and front)
4. Correctly completed Australian Statutory Declaration form. If the Statutory Declaration
form is not completed correctly, your application may be returned to you without being
processed.
5. Relevant logbook pages*
Note: All documents must either be annexed to the Statutory Declaration form or
independently certified as true copies by an appropriate person – see Statutory Declaration
section above.
*You are encouraged not to forward photocopied pages from your logbooks that are NOT
relevant to the issue of a CASA licence. Only submit copies of those pages (in the logbook)
that reflect your last renewal for a particular New Zealand rating and/or aircraft endorsement
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in the 'Type Rating Certificate' page should be copied and forwarded with the required
accompanying statutory declaration and application form.
13.4 Application Process
Complete Form 760 (TTMRA) as per the instructions on the form and relevant parts of this
section.
13.4.1 Submission of Application
Submit the Application to CASA via the following methods:
By mail:
Civil Aviation Safety Authority
Client Services Centre,
GPO Box 2005
CANBERRA ACT 2601
By e-mail:
applications@casa.gov.au
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14 Australian Defence Force
14.1 Introduction
Australian ADF flight crews are not permitted to fly civilian aircraft unless they have an
appropriate civilian licence.
For some CASR Part 61 flight crew licence authorisations, suitably qualified ADF members or
past members, are taken to have met certain requirements for the issue of some of these
flight crew authorisations. This includes some licences, ratings and endorsements.
In all instances, CASA must be satisfied that the ADF qualification is at least equivalent to the
CASA licence rating or endorsement being requested.
14.2 Courses Recognised by CASA
CASA only recognises the qualifications of graduates of the ADF flying training courses listed
in 14.12 Recognised ADF Qualifications.
14.3 Qualifications
Australian ADF pilots who have graduated from a recognised ADF course are deemed to be
qualified for the issue of a private or commercial pilot’s licence without undertaking any further
training. They must, however, meet the minimum aeronautical experience requirements set
out in the CASRs for the licence sought.
14.3.1 ATPLs
For ATPLs, ADF pilots must obtain the same qualifications as for civilian applicants.
Note: ADF applicants must complete ALL seven ATPL subject exams and meet the minimum
aeronautical experience requirements as laid down in the CASRs.
14.4 Aeronautical Experience
ADF applicants must meet the minimum requirements for aeronautical experience specified in
the CASRs for the type of licence they apply for.
1. Credit may be given for all ADF flying hours recorded in a pilot’s service logbook towards
the experience requirements for a civilian licence issue.
2. ADF pilots record the civilian equivalent of pilot-in command (PIC) hours as Captain and in
command under supervision (ICUS) hours as First Pilot (but not logged simultaneously in
the captain column).
3. Only in the case of an ATPL(A), you may consider ICUS hours in lieu of PIC hours.
14.4.1 PPL & CPL
As ADF pilots do not undergo a civilian integrated course as set out in the CASRs they must
satisfy the experience requirements of a non-integrated course.
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14.5 Definition of Pilot Non-Graduates
Pilot non-graduates are applicants who:
a. attended, but did not graduate from a recognised ADF flying course
b. completed only the flight screening stage at BFTS/1FTS
14.6 Screening Training at BFTS/1FTS
The BFTS or 1FTS, provides screening for RAAF/RAN/Army trainee pilots. Trainees who
attend these screening courses DO NOT obtain any qualification on completion (apart from
hours accrued). The screening consists of 15 hours of dual flying time (10 hours for an Army
Trainee). There is no PIC or solo flying time, or theory content.
14.7 Qualifications
CASA does not recognise the ADF screening qualifications of trainee pilots.
All non-graduate pilots seeking a civilian licence must meet the requirements of the Part 61
Manual of Standards, which includes a pass in the RPLA or RPLH theory exam before
attempting the RPL flight test.
Note: There is no legal capacity to recognise the ADF theory credits obtained by non-
graduates.
14.8 Aeronautical Experience
The required aeronautical experience for pilot non-graduates is the same as that for graduates
of a recognised ADF course when seeking a civilian licence issue.
14.9 Flight Engineers
Qualified ADF flight engineers may be issued with a civilian flight engineer licence without
undergoing further examinations or a flight test.
14.10 Qualifications of Other Non-pilot Graduates
ADF schools also train ADF air traffic controllers, RAAF Air Combat Officers, and RAN
Maritime Aviation Warfare Officers. CASA does not recognise these courses towards the
issue of a civilian flight crew pilot licence. Therefore, when applying for a licence, these ADF
applicants must complete all the training, examinations and flight tests specified in the CASRs
at a civilian flight school.
14.11 Foreign Military Qualifications
CASA does not recognise the qualifications of overseas military flight crew. Overseas military
pilots and flight engineers must obtain a civilian flight crew licence in their own country (or any
other ICAO country) before applying for an Australian flight crew licence.
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14.12 Table of Conversion of Australian ADF Qualifications
The courses referred to in the table below represent the courses currently conducted by the
ADF. Graduates of these courses are deemed to hold an ADF qualification that is equivalent
to the class of licence listed in Column 3. Applicants must still meet the aeronautical
requirements listed in the CASRs.
Key:
• BFTS/1FTS - Basic/First Flight Training School
• OFT - Operation Flying Training
• IFC - Introductory Fighter Course
• ROBC - Army Regimental Officers Basic Course
• HATS - Helicopter Aircrew Training System
• AAvnTC - Army Aviation Training Centre
• LFT - Navy Lead-In Flying Training
Evidence that a person has graduated from an ADF course may either be in the form of a
signed logbook entry and/or a Couse Completion Certificate (or a record of attainment report
as in the case for Army). CASA DOES NOT accept PMkeys or ADO Service records as
evidence of a qualification obtained in the ADF.
Note: Applicants are still required to meet the aeronautical experience requirements specified
in the for the licence sought. This experience is to be obtained solely within the Australian
Defence Force (ADF).
ADF Qualification Civil Recognition Conversion
Equivalent
BFTS/1FTS N Hours for aeronautical N/A
Flight experience
Screening
Graduate of Y PPL-A if ADF aeronautical Apply
BFTS/1FTS and experience meet CASR
2FTS or IPC minimum hours (broken
RAAF, RAN & Army down)
Army – (Intermediate And; SEA Class,
Pilots Course) Aerobatics, Spinning,
Formation Flying – A,
MPPC (CT4B), GTE
(PC9/PC21), RU
(PC9/PC21)
ADF Civil Recognition Conversion
Qualification Equivalent
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RAAF Graduate Y CPL-A if ADF aeronautical Apply
BFTS/1FTS and experience meets CASR
2FTS + graduate of minimum hours (broken-
operational down)
conversion course
And; SEA Class,
(RAAF)
Aerobatics, Spinning,
Formation Flying – A,
MPPC (CT4B), GTE
(PC9/PC21), RU
(PC9/PC21), NVFR-SEA,
Low Level – Aeroplane
Army Graduate Y PPL-H if ADF aeronautical Apply
BFTS/1FTS and experience meets CASR
Helicopter minimum hours (broken-
Qualification down)
Course/AAvnTC
And; SEH Class, GTE, Low
Level – Helicopter,
Formation Flying - H
Navy Graduate of Y CPL-H if ADF aeronautical Apply
BFTS/1FTS and experience meets CASR
LFT - Lead-in Flying minimum hours (broken-
Training down)
(RAN)/HATS
And; SEH Class, GTE,
HATS - Helicopter NVFR-H, Low Level –
Aircrew Training Helicopter, Formation
System Flying – H
Army Graduate Y CPL-H if ADF aeronautical Apply
BFTS/1FTS and experience meets CASR
ofROBC minimum hours (broken-
down)
And; SEH Class, GTE,
NVFR-H, Low Level –
Helicopter, Formation
Flying - Helicopter
Night Y Night VFR Apply
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ADF Qualification Civil Recognition Conversion
Equivalent
NVD Y Aeronautical experience as Apply
per 61.1025 for NVIS
(Grade 1 and 2), for a
Grade 1 they must hold an
Instrument Rating prior to
issue and for Grade 2 an
NVFR rating
Formation Y Formation (A or H) Apply
Low flying Y Low Level Rating (A or H) Apply
Aerobatics Y Aerobatic flight activity Apply
endorsement
Formation Aerobatics Y Formation Aerobatics flight Apply
activity endorsement
QFI or QFH Y FIR Grades 2 or 3 and Apply. Must pass a flight
additional training test before rating can
endorsements under CASR be granted
61.1235.
Note: Additional training
endorsements that are
applied for must meet the
requirements of CASR
61.285
ADF Instrument Y Instrument Rating Apply. Must pass IREX
Rating and flight test before
rating can be
granted
Sling Y Low Level Rating with Sling Apply
Operations endorsement
(evidence of sling load ops
must be provided)
Winch Y Low Level Rating with Apply
Winching & Rappelling
operations endorsement
(evidence of winch &
rappelling must be provided)
Flight Engineer Y Flight Engineer Licence Apply (at least 18 years of
age)
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14.13 Requirements for the Issue of Operational Ratings
Operational Rating Requirements
Night VFR PPL or higher (meet minimum hours as per CASR Table
under CASR 61.980)
Instrument PPL or higher + IREX + flight test
Instructor (QFI or QHI) CPL or higher + flight test
NVIS CPL or higher + as per CASR 61.1025 Table
14.14 Method of Application for a CASR Part 61 Qualification
Graduates of a recognised ADF course lodge their applications for a civilian flight crew licence
using Form 61-1ADF Flight Crew Licence Application on the basis of ADF Qualifications.
In addition to 61.285 to meet the requirements a letter will be issued to the applicant stating
what can be recognised based off ADF qualifications and also what any other requirements
are needed to be issued the equivalent civilian authorisations.
Note: The letter issued on recognition of ADF operational rating qualifications are only valid
for 12 months from the day of issue.
14.15 Verification of Aeronautical Experience
When applying for a licence, ADF applicants must provide evidence of graduation in the form
of:
1. course completion certificates along with certified/notarised copy of last page entry of their
ADF logbook and any relevant evidence required for the recognition of an ADF
qualification.
14.16 Medical Certificates
ADF pilots are required to have a medical certificate issued by CASA when they apply for their
civilian licence. The class of medical certificate to be consistent with the class of licence held
(i.e., Class 2 for a PPL, Class 1 for a CPL, MPL or ATPL).
14.17 Recording of Civilian Aeronautical Experience
ADF pilots granted a civilian licence may enter their civilian flying hours and qualifications in
the service logbook, if desired or if permitted to do so by the ADF.
CASA does not require ADF pilots to maintain a separate logbook for civilian flying. However,
most ADF pilot elect to do so to avoid confusion about the differences in the way civilian and
ADF flight time is logged.
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14.18 Table of Recognised Aircraft Ratings – Aeroplanes
As part of their training and subsequent ADF flying duties, the ADF award their pilots First
Pilot (day only or day/night) for particular aircraft. These ratings maybe recognised as
equivalent if they are an aircraft class rating or aircraft type rating however type ratings must
be listed in the latest edition of the “Prescribed of aircraft and ratings CASR Part 61”. Any
design features for recognised aircraft as appropriate will be awarded.
ADF Endorsement CASA Aircraft Rating
Aeroplanes Aircraft Type or Class Design Feature
B707 B707-300 • Pressurisation system
• Retractable undercarriage
• Gas turbine engine
Caribou DHC4 • Retractable undercarriage
• MPPC
CT4A Single engine class • MPPC
C47/Dakota DC3 • MPPC
• Retractable undercarriage
• Tail wheel undercarriage
C130/Hercules L-382 • Retractable undercarriage
C130J/Super Hercules Not a recognised aircraft • Pressurisation system
• Gas turbine engine
Falcon 900/DA90 Falcon 50/900 • Retractable undercarriage
• Pressurisation system
• Gas turbine engine
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ADF Endorsement CASA Aircraft Rating
Aeroplanes Aircraft Type or Class Design Feature
HS748 HS748 • Retractable undercarriage
• Pressurisation system
• Gas turbine engine
Nomad Nomad • Retractable undercarriage
• Gas turbine engine
P3 Orion L-188 • Retractable undercarriage
• Pressurisation system
• Gas turbine engine
PC9/PC21 Single engine class • Retractable undercarriage
• Gas turbine engine
KC30 A330 • Retractable undercarriage
• Pressurisation system
• Gas turbine engine
KA350 B350/1900 • Retractable undercarriage
• Pressurisation system
• Gas turbine engine
E7A Wedgetail B737 300-900 • Retractable undercarriage
• Pressurisation system
• Gas turbine engine
PA Poseidon B737 300-900 • Retractable undercarriage
• Pressurisation system
• Gas turbine engine
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14.19 Table of Recognised Aircraft Endorsements Helicopters
ADF Endorsement CASA Aircraft Rating
Helicopters Aircraft Type or Class Design Feature
Blackhawk SK70 • Gas turbine engine
Iroquois/UH-1 Single engine class • Gas turbine engine
Kiowa Single engine class • Gas turbine engine
Seahawk (S70-L) SK70 • Gas turbine engine
Sioux Single engine class • nil
Squirrel Single engine class • Gas turbine engine
EC135 EC135 • Gas turbine engine
Seahawk Romeo • Gas turbine engine
SK70
MH60R
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15 Flight Crew Examinations
Before a licence may be issued, flight crew must pass a CASA written theory examination for
the type of licence they are applying for. However, examinations for student pilots up to
RPLA/RPLH are set in accordance with the Part 61 MOS Syllabus and are conducted by the
aviation industry. Reference to examinations can be found in the Part 61 MOS. Examinations
for private pilots’ licences and higher licences are set and marked by CASA (refer to table
below for more information).
The following table lists examinations set by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia and
the industry.
Examinations set by the aviation industry Examinations set by the Civil Aviation
Safety Authority Australia
• Pre Solo and Pre-area Solo Air • RPLA/RPLH and RPLN (Exam
Legislation for aeroplanes and requirement)
helicopters
• Required for a PPL or higher:
• Basic Aeronautical Knowledge (BAK)*
• Private and commercial pilot licence
not accepted after 30 June 2019.
examinations for all aircraft categories
• RPL exams where approved under
• Air transport pilot licence examinations
CASR Part 61.215 (2)
for aeroplanes and helicopters
• Sport Aviation Activities
• Private, commercial and air transport
• Radiotelephone operator examination conversion (only available for conversion
(AROCP) of overseas licences)
• RPL Flight Radio Endorsement • Basic flight engineer examinations
• RPL Controlled Airspace endorsement • Instrument rating examination (also
exams satisfies the requirements for Private IFR
Instrument rating)
• RPL Controlled Aerodrome
endorsement exams • Private IFR Instrument rating
• Private IFR Instrument rating where • Pilot Instructor rating – Common
approved under CASR Part 61.215 (2) examination
• Aircraft/helicopter type endorsement • Aerial Application examination.
• Night VFR and Night VFR Agricultural
rating.
*The Civil Aviation Authority set this
examination prior to March 1992.
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15.1 Examinations Set by Approved Flying Schools
Approved flying schools set and mark the pre-solo and pre-area solo air legislation and RPL
exams, Private IFR Instrument rating, [Note: To conduct their own ‘equivalent’ exams for RPL
and Private IFR exams requires specific approval under CASR Part 61.215(2). See clause
15.9 below.], aircraft and type endorsements, and night VFR examinations. The candidate’s
Head of Flight Operations enters the results on the Theory Examination Pass Record section
of the candidate’s pilot logbook.
15.2 Examinations Set by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority
Australia
15.2.1 Flight Crew Licence & Rating exams
CASA uses software called PEXO to deliver flight crew licence and rating examinations.
PEXO replaced the previous CyberExam software on 24/09/2013.
PEXO uses the Internet to deliver examinations to authorised venues. Candidates should
contact approved Flying Schools (for RPL, PPL and PIFR exams only) or Aspeq to apply for a
sitting, re-schedule any planned examination sessions.
Aspeq venues and booking information is available on the ASPEQ website.
15.2.2 Re-prints of a Result Advice/Knowledge Deficiency Report
(RA/KDR)
Re-prints of RA/KDRs for examinations completed using the PEXO software are available
only from the authorised organisation who conducted the examination or from FCL.
Candidates requiring a re-print of an RA/KDR for an examination sat under the old
CyberExam system, should contact Flight Crew Licensing, mailto:fcl.exams@casa.gov.auand
complete Form 059 as they are not available elsewhere.
Unless otherwise advised, KDR reprints will be posted to the candidate’s mailing address.
They will not be sent electronically. To reduce the numbers of candidates requesting KDRs to
be sent electronically.
15.3 Candidate’s examinations history
Candidates can apply to CASA for a copy of their examination history. This is called a ‘Pre-
Requisite Report’, candidate should complete CASA Form 059. This regulatory service
attracts a fee which is payable at the time of the application.
Exams stored on the CASA database may be issued within 5 working days. Older
examination records may have been stored on hard paper files that have been archived.
Searching for older records will attract a fee based on an hourly rate and may take up to 28
working days for results to be issued.
The examination history includes all examinations attempted, passes and failures. It is not
CASA policy to issue examination results reflecting passes only.
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Requests may be faxed to Flight Crew Licensing 02 62171650 or 02 6217 1664 or emailed to
mailto:fcl.exams@casa.gov.au.
Unless otherwise advised, ‘Pre-Requisite Reports’ will be posted to the candidate’s mailing
address. Hopefully to reduce numbers of candidates asking these will be sent electronically in
the future.
15.4 Professional Examinations
PEXO became available in September 2013 for all flight crew licence examinations, including
the professional exams. Aspeq are authorised to conduct all flight crew licence and rating
theory exams on behalf of CASA.
15.4.1 Flight Crew Licence exam information
CASR Part 61 MOS, Schedule 3 contains the syllabuses for all examinations, including the
KDR references.
CASR Part 61 MOS, Schedule 4 contains the Aeronautical Knowledge Examinations
Standards.
More information on all licence and rating exams can be obtained from the Exams page on
the CASA website.
Regional Office staff requiring additional information about exams should direct their enquiries
to:
Section Head, Flight Crew Licensing Section
Telephone: 131 757
Fax: 1300 737 187
Email: fcl.exams@casa.gov.au
15.4.2 PEXO Exam Locations
Note: There is no technical support available outside Canberra working hours or/and on
weekends/public holidays.
Candidates can sit for examinations at the times and locations available through the ASPEQ
website.
Examination Type When Where Marked By
RPL On request, 7 days a Any approved flying PEXO system
week. Contact Aspeq school, or through
or your flying school for Aspeq
exam times.
PPL On request, 7 days a Any approved flying PEXO system
week. Contact Aspeq school, or through
or your flying school for Aspeq
exam times.
Examination Type When Where Marked By
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CPL On request through Aspeq PEXO
Aspeq Mon–Fri (except
public holidays)
IREX On request through Aspeq PEXO system
Aspeq Mon–Fri (except
public holidays)
Private IFR Rating On request through Aspeq or approved PEXO system
PIFR Aspeq Mon–Fri (except flying schools
public holidays)
ATPL (A) / ATPL (H) On request through Aspeq PEXO system
Aspeq Mon–Fri (except
public holidays)
Pilot Instructor On request through Aspeq PEXO system
Rating – Common Aspeq Mon–Fri (except
public holidays)
PIRC
Flight Engineer On request through Aspeq For Flight Written exam,
Aspeq Mon–Fri (except Engineers the marked by FCL.
public holidays) applicant must first
apply to Aspeq.
Hard copy paper will
be provided
Aerial application On request through Aspeq PEXO system
Rating Aspeq Mon–Fri (except
public holidays)
Note: When PEXO marks an examination, a summary of the results is issued as a Result
Advice and Knowledge Deficiency Report (RA/KDR). These must be retained by the
candidate and presented at the flight test for the applicable licence or rating.
15.4.3 How Long are Examination Credits Valid?
A theory examination credit for a particular licence or rating may require a number of subject-
parts to be passed within a prescribed period or ‘window’. Unless the complete set of passes
has been achieved within the prescribed period, no credit shall be recorded as ‘perpetual’ for
that licence or rating exam. Where a candidate has passed some subject- parts, but not all,
then no credit may be awarded to them until all subject-parts have been passed within one
‘window’, e.g., if a candidate passed five of the seven CPL subjects in 2009, then no credit for
these old passes can be granted and they would need to pass all seven subjects in a new
‘window’.
For the CPL and ATPL examinations, some subject-part examinations (e.g. Navigation) are
common for both Aeroplanes and Helicopters.
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Once a person has been credited with a pass in a particular examination, or examination
series (i.e. all subject parts have been passed within one ‘window’), that credit is valid
indefinitely.
Note: The prescribed period of time, or ‘window’, a candidate may use to pass all subject-
parts for an examination (e.g. the 7 individual subject-parts for a CPL theory credit). Prior to
31 August 2014, this was a three year period, but with the introduction of Part 61 it has been
reduced to a two-year period as specified in CASR 61.225(2).
Note: Other than for an ATPL, all candidates for a licence (e.g. PPL/CPL/ATPL) or a rating
(IR, AGRA, AGRH, PIFR etc.) are required to undertake oral examination of items on the
Knowledge Deficiency Report (KDR). A KDR is included with the results of PEXO
examinations. This report must be presented to the Examiner at the time of the flight test. The
Examiner must then examine the candidate on each topic identified in the KDR to ensure the
candidate has adequate knowledge of the subject material incorrectly answered during the
flight crew examination and sign the report in the space provided. Candidates who have lost
their KDR may apply through FCL for a replacement, using Form 059. A fee will apply.
15.4.4 Examination Prerequisites
Examination prerequisites must be satisfied before applicants can attempt the following
examinations:
a. PPLA Examination for PPL(A), they must:
i.If completing a non-integrated training course, there are no
prerequisites.
ii. If undertaking an approved integrated training course, they must complete
their training in accordance with the approved integrated course of their
CASR 142 training organisation.
b. PPLH Examination for a PPL(H):
i.If completing a non-integrated training course, there are no
prerequisites.
ii. If undertaking an approved integrated training course, they must complete
their training in accordance with the approved integrated course of their
CASR 142 training organisation.
c. CPLA Examination for a CPL(A), they must:
i. If completing a non-integrated training course, there are no
prerequisites.
ii. If undertaking an approved integrated training course, they must complete
their training in accordance with the approved integrated course of their
CASR 142 training organisation: or
iii. Hold a valid foreign ICAO CPL(A) and have been approved by FCL to sit
the exams.
d. CPLH Examination for a CPL(H):
i. If completing a non-integrated training course, there are no
prerequisites.
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ii. If undertaking an approved integrated training course, complete their
training in accordance with the approved integrated course of their CASR
142 training organisation: or
iii. Hold a valid foreign ICAO CPL(H) and have been approved by FCL to sit
the exams.
e. ATPL(A) Examination for an ATPL(A) the candidate must:
i. Hold an Australian CPL(A) licence; or
ii. Hold a complete CPL(A) theory credit, i.e. all seven CPL(A) subjects
passed within one ‘window’; or
iii. Hold a valid foreign ICAO ATPL(A) and have been approved by FCL to sit
the exams.
f. ATPL(H) Examination for an ATPL(H) the candidate must:
i. Hold an Australian CPL(H) licence; or
ii. Hold a complete CPL(H) theory credit, i.e. all seven CPL(H) subjects
passed within one ‘window’; or
iii. Hold a valid foreign ICAO ATPL(H) and have been approved by FCL to sit
the exams.
15.4.5 Overseas Licence Conversion – Examination Requirements
Candidates holding an overseas licence (not examination credits) from a country that is an
ICAO Contracting State must, in all cases hold an ARN, and satisfy the specified prerequisites
and have their qualifications assessed by a Flight Crew Licensing before attempting to sit the
relevant theory examinations:
a. For PPL(A) conversion, they must:
i. Hold a valid PPL(A) from an ICAO Contracting State without any
restrictions; and
ii. Meet the requirements for issue of an Australian PPL(A) based on
overseas licence and experience.
b. For PPL(H) conversion, they must:
i. Hold a valid PPL(H) from an ICAO Contracting State without any
restrictions; and
ii. Meet the requirements for issue of an Australian PPL(H) based on
overseas licence and experience.
c. For CPL(A) conversion examination they must:
i. Hold a valid CPL(A) or ATPL(A) from an ICAO Contracting State without
any restrictions; and
ii. Meet the requirements for issue of an Australian CPL(A) based on
overseas licence and experience; and
iii. Pass the CPLA Overseas Conversion (aeroplane) (COSA) and CPL
Human Factors (CHUF) examinations. Notes 1 & 2
d. For CPL(H) conversion examination they must:
i. Hold a valid CPL(H) or ATPL(H) from an ICAO Contracting State
without any restrictions; and
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ii. Meet the requirements for issue of an Australian CPL(H) based on
overseas licence and experience; and
iii. Pass the CPLH Overseas Conversion (helicopter) (COSH) and CPL
Human Factors (CHUF) examinations. Note 1 & 2
e. For ATPL(A) conversion examination they must:
i. Hold a valid ATPL(A) from an ICAO Contracting State without any
restrictions; and
ii. Meet the requirements for issue of an Australian ATPL(A) based on
overseas licence and experience; and
iii. Pass the ATPL Human Factors (AHUF) exam and the ATPL Overseas
conversion (AOSA) examination Notes 1 & 2 and
iv. Pass the CASA Instrument Rating Examination (IREX), if not previously
passed.
f. For ATPL(H) conversion examination they must:
i. Hold a valid ATPL(H) from an ICAO Contracting State without any
restrictions; and
ii. Meet the requirements for issue of an Australian ATPL(H) based on
overseas licence and experience; and
iii. Pass the ATPL Human Factors (AHUF) exam and the ATPL Overseas
conversion (AOSH) examination. Notes 1 & 2
g. Instrument Rating conversion examination (IREX), they must:
i. Hold a valid pilot licence from an ICAO Contracting State without any
restrictions; and
ii. Have been approved by FCL to sit IREX.
h. Pilot Instructor Rating conversion examination (PIRC), they must:
i. Hold a valid pilot licence from an ICAO Contracting State without any
restrictions; and
ii. Have been approved by FCL to sit PIRC.
Note 1: In accordance with CASR 61.275, CASA must be satisfied that the overseas flight
crew licence and/or ratings are at least equivalent to the Australian licence with that aircraft
category rating.
Note 2: A pass in the IREX examination and an instrument rating flight test are required
before the issue of an ATPL(A).
Note 3: An instrument rating is optional for any other licence, in which case this may be
completed either as part of their licence conversion process or added at a later date.
Where an applicant requires an instrument rating, they are required to pass the CASA IREX
exam followed by the instrument rating flight test. To complete the instrument rating flight test,
the applicant must hold either:
a. An Australian licence (PPL or higher); or
b. A Certificate of Validation (CoV).
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15.5 Application Process
The application process is outlined on Form 61-4A. Ensure you read Chapter 12 of this
manual before making application.
Where a candidate has already completed an item, e.g. obtaining an ARN, then clearly, they
do not need to do so again, but if they have not submitted certified true copies of their
overseas licence and last three pages of logbook entries, then they should do so.
15.5.1 Change of Category Examinations – Aeroplane to Helicopter or
vice versa
Separate ‘Change of category’ examinations are no longer available to pilots changing
between aeroplanes and helicopters at CPL or at ATPL level. The examinations for both
licence levels have individual subjects for Aeroplanes and Helicopters. A candidate wanting to
change category from aeroplanes to helicopters, or vice versa, will only need to pass the
relevant sections of the examination for helicopters or aeroplanes. This will avoid the need to
retest the candidate in material already passed.
Further information is available on the CASA website:
CPL change of category
ATPL change of category
15.6 CASA Examination Policy – CASR 141 & 142 Operators
15.6.1 Overview
Under CASR Part 61.215 (2), CASR Part 141 and 142 operators may be approved to set
certain aeronautical knowledge examinations for their candidates. The aim of this document is
to set out CASA’s policy and provide guidelines to those operators wishing to gain approval to
set examinations.
15.6.2 Permission to Conduct Examinations
Approval to conduct aeronautical knowledge examinations will only be granted once the
applicant (either a 141 or 142 operator) has satisfied each of the following requirements:
1. Approval may only be granted for aeronautical knowledge examinations which are
appropriate for their approved operations, i.e. if they are approved to conduct training for
fixed wing aircraft, approval would not be granted for any helicopter examinations and vice
versa.
2. Only examinations, in accordance with CASR Part 61.215 (2), may be approved and have
a syllabus of training specified in the CASR Part 61 MOS.
3. They must provide copies to CASA Flight Crew Licensing Section of:
a. the proposed examination(s);
b. any supporting material used by the candidate, e.g., graphs, diagrams, etc.
Where CASA or Airservices documents are used, such as the AIP, these may
simply be stated;
c. Instructions to candidates about exam procedures.
d. Their policy in relation to ‘Misconduct during examinations’ by candidates (see
also the CASA – PEXO Invigilator & Registrar Handbook and CAR 298A,
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CAR 298B, CAR 298 C), e.g. cheating and/or impersonation. All instances
where misconduct is suspected or found to have occurred, must be reported
as soon as practicable to Flight Operations and Licensing. If proven, then a
written report must be included within their training file, and they are not to
attempt the exam for a period of 12 months.
e. Their procedures to minimize any likelihood of misconduct by candidates,
(see also PEXO Handbook);
f. Their procedures to update questions within the examinations to ensure that
all questions remain current. In addition to keeping the questions current, the
141 or 142 organisation must have a program to refresh not less than 20% of
the questions each year.
g. Details of the room to be used. See Section 15.10.3 of this Chapter for more
details of requirements.
4. Have developed not less than three versions of each exam, each containing different
questions, i.e. if the examination was for RPL Navigation, then there must be at least three
different versions of that exam.
5. The examination must test a range of knowledge areas to ensure an examinee’s
competence across all subjects or topics covered by the examination.
6. Must have suitable exam security procedures in place which restricts access to all exam
materials to only:
a. the Head of Operations (HOO); and
b. those personnel specifically approved by HOO.
7. All examinations must be supervised, at no time, may students be left unattended whilst
doing an exam (see PEXO Handbook).
8. All student results, including successful and unsuccessful attempts, must be recorded in
their training records with the date of the examination.
9. Should a candidate be unsuccessful in an exam, they must:
a. Receive remedial tuition prior to attempting the same examination again; and
b. Be provided with an examination containing different questions from their
previous attempt(s).
10. At the end of an examination, the candidate must be provided with a ‘Knowledge
Deficiency Report’ indicating which topics they answered incorrectly.
11. The HOO is to advise all examination passes to CASA within 14 days – Client Services
Centre (mailto:applications@casa.gov.au) and Flight Operations and Licensing
(mailto:fcl.exams@casa.gov.au) which must include the:
a. Name and ARN of the candidate.
b. Examination passed, exam date and result; and
c. Licence/rating or endorsement that may be issued as a result of this pass.
12. Advise any changes to these conditions to CSC Specialist Services
(mailto:fcl.exams@casa.gov.au)
13. The PEXO Handbook – in particular items relating to:
a. ‘proof of identity’,
b. ‘Pre-qualification requirements’ (if any)
c. Exam materials.
d. The conduct and supervision of exams.
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14. Material supplied by the exam supervisor/invigilator (if any) to the candidate.
15. Materials supplied by the candidate (if any).
16. Procedures in the event a candidate fails an exam, whether for a single failure and for
failures on multiple occasions (CASR Part 61.225(3) should be applied, see also page on
the CASA Website).
Should the operator fail to meet these conditions, CASA may:
a. refuse to grant permission to conduct aeronautical knowledge examinations;
or
b. revoke their permission to conduct aeronautical knowledge examinations.
15.6.3 Examination Room Requirements
The exam room is to be inspected by the oversighting CASA FOI for each of the following
aspects prior to approval being granted.
▪ adequate safety for the occupants (OHS)
▪ adequate lighting
▪ adequate ventilation and heating/cooling
▪ an environment free from unacceptable noise levels, distractions and non-exam
activity
▪ access to the room(s) may be controlled whilst exams are in progress
▪ a separate desk for each candidate, but not smaller than 1350 x 750 mm
▪ a minimum of 1.5 m between the sides of any adjacent monitors – if appropriate.
▪ each individual computer has an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) – if
appropriate.
▪ have flat screen (non-CRT) monitors at least 15-inch in screen size – if
appropriate.
▪ comfortable seating for candidates
▪ clean toilet facilities nearby
▪ table and chair for the supervisor
▪ general security aspects are satisfactory
15.6.4 Conduct of Examinations Overseas
CASA does not conduct Australian flight crew examinations overseas.
Whilst the Civil Aviation Authority of Fiji (CAAF) uses a version of PEXO exams for its own
licensing purposes, these examinations are not valid towards the issue of an Australian Flight
Crew Licence and credits for Australian examinations will not be granted.
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15.7 History of FCL Examinations
15.7.1 Private Pilot Licence
The following is a history of CASA’s FCL examinations for the private pilot licence
Year Examination Structure Validity Administrative Arrangements
1960s 6 subjects, covering Air Leg: 2 years Papers set by DCA (i.e.,
aeroplanes and
All others: CAA) All examinations multi-
helicopters:
perpetual if a
• Principles of Flight choice
RPPL or higher
(POF) is held. Conducted by Flying
• Engine Syst. And Training Schools (FTS):
Instruments (ESI)
Examination papers sent in
• Aero Performance and
sealed envelopes from DCA
Ops (APO)
on request from FTS
• Meteorology (MET)
• Navigation (NAV) Returned to DCA regional
• Air Legislation (Air Leg). offices for marking.
1970s Changed to 5 subjects
(POF and ESI combined to
form the BAK
examination).
Mid 1970s Examination stocks held by
FTS; still marked by DCA
regional offices.
1981 All
examinations 2
years.
1982 Air Leg renamed Flight
Rules and Procedures
(FR&P).
early 1980s Separate BAK(H)
examinations introduced.
1984 CFIs approved to conduct
and mark examinations;
papers still set by CAA.
Mid 1980s Changed to 4 subjects:
APO incorporated in BAK
POF(H) assessed at flight
test.
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Year Examination Structure Validity Administrative Arrangements
1990 Optical Mark Reader (OMR)
introduced to speed up
marking process:
• Marking re-centralised in
Canberra HO
• Pilots issued with
automatic critiques
• FTS examination stocks
recovered.
1991 Changed to 2 subjects: Perpetual theory
credits
Air Leg, NAV and MET
introduced.
combined into a single
examination
BAK remains separate.
1991 New syllabus (DAY OMR discarded, due to
VFR) introduced for inaccurate readings
aeroplanes and helicopters.
BAK set, conducted and
marked by FTS; result
recorded in pilot logbook
PPL single examination set by
CAA, marked by FTS,
recorded by FTS (logbook)
and CAA (LARP)
Papers produced and sent to
FTS via ExamFax.
1999 New syllabus (Day VFR) Examinations marked by
introduced for aeroplanes CASA.
(Nov) using competency based
standards.
2001 CyberExams introduced Examinations delivered via
Internet to Supervisors’ PCs
Year Examination Structure Validity Administrative Arrangements
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ExamFax ceased. ExamFax ceased for PPL
examinations.
2002 CyberExams Professional examinations
(CPL and ATPL) conducted by
Assessment services Pty Ltd
18/09/2013 CyberExams ceased All results
remain as valid
results, whether
PASS or FAIL.
24/09/2013 PEXO exams commenced PPLA, PPLH, PAOS, PHOS
and PIFR available through
various approved flying
schools, in addition to Aspeq.
Aspeq continue to be the sole
provider of all professional
exams.
15.7.2 Commercial Pilot Licence
The following is a history of CASA’s FCL examinations for the commercial pilot licence
Year Examination Structure Validity Administrative
Arrangements
1960s 7 subjects covering Air Leg: 2 years Essay-style papers, set by
aeroplanes and helicopters: DCA (i.e., CAA)
All others: 3
Principles of Flight (POF) years Air Leg:
Engine Syst. And Conducted at FTS
Instruments
Papers sent in sealed
Aero. Perform. And Ops envelope with candidate’s
(Heli. PO – oral examination name, on request from FTS
at flight test)
Marked by DCA regional
NAV offices Other examinations:
MET At scheduled sittings, 3–4
sittings per year
Air Leg.
Conducted at DCA regional
Airframes (deleted 1968)
offices and approved
All closed book, except Air outstations
Leg.
Marked by DCA, Canberra
Results issued as: PASS/FAIL
within 20% or FAIL.
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Year Examination Structure Validity Administrative
Arrangements
1970s Air Leg: 2 years Format changed to multi-
choice
All others:
perpetual (if at
least a UPPL is
held).
1985 New syllabus introduced FR&P: 2 years Papers set by DCA (i.e., CAA)
(proposed in 1982, but All others: FR&P available on demand;
perpetual (if at marked by regional offices
delayed because of HO
least a UPPL is
All other examinations:
move to CB) held)
scheduled sittings, marked by
CPL(A) final introduced in Final: 1 year DCA Head Office, Canberra
July:
Current credits Numerical results released
Open book examination to be held on (e.g. 92%)
Candidates must pass other day of Final
Pass rate required, for multi-
subjects before attempting Final and FR&P choice: 90%; for Final: 60%.
Final to be current on
Air Leg. Becomes FR&P. day of flight test.
1986 Separate examinations Introduced 131 approx. 80
introduced for helicopters non- DCA examination
(Meteorology was generic). centres, with Independent
Conducting Officers (ICOs),
except for CPL(A) Final
Conducting Officers Manual
produced, except for CPL(A)
Final
1987 Multi-choice examinations
available on demand at all
centres and DOA regional
offices
Systematic manual critiques
introduced
Pass rate required, for multi-
choice: 80% Air Law and 70%
all others; for Final: 70%.
1988 June: Multi-choice
examinations marked by ICOs;
manual critiques provided by
both ICO and CAA
October: Final CPL(A)
available on demand, marked
by HO.
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Year Examination Structure Validity Administrative
Arrangements
1990 OMR introduced (located in
HO). HO resumed
responsibility for marking multi-
choice examinations (to
provide automated critique
service).
1991 Separate, single Perpetual theory All examinations available on
examination introduced for credits demand; marked by OMR in
aeroplanes and helicopters. introduced. HO.
1992 New syllabus (DAY VFR) OMR discarded, due to
introduced for aeroplanes inaccurate readings
and helicopters.
ExamFax introduced
Examinations conducted and
marked by ICOs.
1993 CAA resumes marking
responsibility for CPL
examinations, due to
suspected cheating
Access to examination still
through ExamFax but
restricted to 10-day period per
month.
1996 (Nov) CASA resumes scheduled
sitting for CPL examinations
due to suspected cheating.
Examinations marked by
CASA.
1999 (Nov) New syllabus (Day VFR) Examinations marked by
introduced for aeroplanes CASA.
using competency-based
standards.
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Year Examination Structure Validity Administrative
Arrangements
2002 CyberExams introduced for 3 years from the Internet delivery to authorised
aeroplanes and helicopters first subject venues on request
attempt
Scheduled examination Seven-part examination
system ceases.
All subjects must be passed
within a three-year period
Navigation (CNAV), Human
Factors (CHUF), Meteorology
(CMET) are generic
examinations
Operations, Performance and
Flight Planning (CFPA and
CFPH), Aerodynamics (CADA
and CADH), Aircraft General
Knowledge (CSYA and
CSYH), Flight Rules and Air
Law (CLWA and CLWH) are
specific
No credit of previously passed
subjects
Each subject available
separately and used
separately for conversion
purposes
Radio navigation aids included
in Helicopter Day VFR
Syllabus.
24/09/2013 PEXO introduced 3 year ‘rolling’ All subjects must be passed
within a three-year period (not
window
counting any failures).
01/09/2014 Part 61 introduced 2 year ‘rolling’ All subjects must be passed
window within a two-year period (not
counting any failures).
2020 Exam ‘window’ amended for EX83/20 For CPL AKE, an extension to
CPL exams. 30 months for exams passed
between 16/03/2018 and
15/03/2020 due COVID-19.
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15.7.3 Air Transport Pilot Licence
The following is a history of CASA’s FCL examinations for the air transport pilot licence
Year Examination Structure Validity Administrative Arrangements
1960s 4 subjects: Air Leg: Papers set by DCA (i.e., CAA)
Air Leg 2 years Air Leg:
Flight Planning (Flt Pln) All others: Multi-choice
NAV 3 years (if the Conducted at FTS, available on
person holds demand
MET.
at least a
Papers sent in sealed envelope
UPPL).
with candidate’s name, on
request from FTS
Marked by DCA regional offices
All other examinations:
Essay questions
At scheduled sittings, 3–4
sittings per year
Conducted at DCA ROs and
approved outstations
Marked by DCA, Canberra
Results issued as: PASS/FAIL
within 20% or FAIL.
1970s Format changed to multi-choice
for all examinations.
1978 Separate SCPL and ATPL ATPL Air Legislation (A) was
Air Legislation. Aeroplane essay examination; (no change
examinations introduced to SCPL)
ATPL licence required pass
in both Air Legislation
examinations (Qantas pilots
exempt ATPL examination).
1986 Separate SCPL/ATPL Numerical scores released (e.g.
helicopter examinations 92% pass)
introduced:
HSAL (Air Leg)
HSOP (Operations)
1987 Systematic manual critiques
introduced
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Year Examination Structure Validity Administrative Arrangements
1989 FLT PLN, MET and NAV
available on demand; marked by
HO
Air Leg still available on demand
and marked by regional offices
1990 ICOs approved to conduct and
mark MET and NAV
examination
1991 Separate ATPL Air Leg ICOs approved to conduct and
(March) examination deleted. mark FLT PLN examination
1991 Single ATPL examination Perpetual Multi-choice examination
(October) consisting of five parts theory credits available on demand; marked by
introduced for aeroplanes introduced HO (OMR)
1992 New syllabus introduced for OMR discarded.
aeroplanes
Papers produced by ExamFax in
HO:
Conducted at nominated CAA
Offices on a bi-monthly basis
Marked by HO.
1994 New syllabus introduced for
helicopters
1995 Single ATPL examination
consisting of three parts
introduced for helicopters.
1998 Single ATPL examination Seven-part examination
for aeroplanes/helicopters.
All subjects must be passed
within a three-year period
Air Law must be passed within
the 12-month period
immediately prior to the award of
the ATPL theory examination
Human factor (AHUF),
Meteorology (AMET) and Air law
(AALW) are generic
examinations
Flight planning (AFPA and
AFPH), Aerodynamic and
Systems (AASA and AASH),
Navigation (ANAV),
Performance and loading (APLA
and APLH) are specific.
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Year Examination Structure Validity Administrative Arrangements
1999 ANAV became a common Not require to Navigation (ANAV) common to
examination. re- pass for aeroplanes and helicopters
conversion
2002 CyberExams introduced for 3 years from Air Law extended to 3 years
aeroplanes and helicopters the first
Internet delivery to authorised
subject
Scheduled examination venues on demand
attempt
system ceases.
24/09/2013 PEXO introduced 3 year ‘rolling’ All subjects must be passed
window within a three-year period (not
counting any failures)
01/09/2014 Part 61 introduced 2 year ‘rolling’ All subjects must be passed
window within a two-year period (not
counting any failures)
2020 Exam ‘window’ amended for EX83/20 For ATPL AKE, an extension to
ATPL exams 30 months for exams passed
between 16/03/2018 and
15/03/2020 due COVID-19.
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16 Form Index for CASR Part 61
All CASR part 61 forms are pre-fixed with 61-. Forms are then coded using an Alpha- Numeric
format. The guide below shows how the forms are coded into categories for a given set of
qualifications.
Numeric coding after 61-
‘1’ refers to all initial licensing application forms
‘2’ refers to notification forms for operational ratings
‘3’ refers to notification forms for the issue of class/type ratings or design features onto an
existing licence
‘4’ refers to all foreign conversion applications forms ‘9’ refers to other 61 related forms.
Alpha coding after 61-Number
For licence application forms:
First alpha after the 61-1 is for the licence level ‘R’ refers to recreational pilot licence
‘P’ refers to private pilot licence
‘C’ refers to commercial pilot licence
‘A’ refers to air transport pilot licence
Second alpha after the 61-1Alpha is for the category of aircraft ‘A’ refers to aeroplane
‘H’ refers to helicopter ‘G’ refers to gyroplane ‘PL’ refers to powered lift ‘AS’ refers to airship
For operational ratings: Alpha after 61-2
I is for initial issue
P is for proficiency check
AE is for additional endorsements
For notification of issue of a new class/type rating of the same category onto an existing
licence: Alpha after 61-3
CT is for issue of a new class/type rating on same category of licence DF is for issue of a
design feature
Licence application forms (drafts for feedback only – not for official use)
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16.1 Table of CASR Part 61 Forms
All forms are available on the CASA website, Forms page.
Form Type of Form
Code
Licence Application Forms
61-1RE Certificate of Completion Recreational Pilot Licence Endorsement
61-PLA Pilot Licence Australian Civil Trained
61-1AA Air Transport Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) Application Australian Civil Trained
61-1AH Air Transport Pilot Licence (Helicopter) Application Australian Civil Trained
61-1MPL Multi-crew Pilot Licence Australian Civil Trained
61-1ADF Flight Crew Licence Application on the Basis of ADF Qualifications
Operational Ratings – Notification of Issue and Proficiency Check
61-2I Notification of Issue of an Operational Rating
61-2P Notification of Proficiency Check on Operational Rating
61-2AE Notification of Addition of an Endorsement to an Existing Operational Rating
61-2ADF Notification of Issue of CASR Part 61 Instrument/Instructor rating for ADF
Class/type ratings or design features notification forms
61-3CT Notification of Issue of Aircraft Category Class / Type Rating on an Existing
Licence
61-3DF Notification of Issue of Part 61 Design Feature
Overseas Licence Conversions and Validations
61-4A Overseas licence holders applying for a CASA flight crew licence – Part A
61-4B Overseas licence holders applying for a CASA flight crew licence – Part B
61-4CT Aircraft class or type rating on basis of overseas qualifications
61-4COV Application for a Certificate of Validation
61-4P Notification of an Instrument Proficiency Check Partially Conducted by a Foreign
Authorised Person
Other
61-9FA Notification of Issue of Part 61 Flight Activity
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61-9FR Notification of Flight Review
61-9TX Recognition and Transfer of CAR 5 Qualifications under CASR Part 61
61-9PIC Lodgement of Current Photo with CASA
61-9R Request for a Licence Reprint Flight Crew Licence
64-ROC Aeronautical Radio Operator Certificate
61-9ELP English Language Assessment Notice
61-9ELP General English Language Proficiency Notice
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17 Part 61 Licence Entry Guidance (Issue and Revalidation)
17.1 Introduction
17.1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this chapter of the manual is to provide instruction to personnel (flight
examiners and flight instructors) who are both qualified and authorised to issue and revalidate
flight crew qualifications by making written entries in a CASR Part 61 Licence document.
17.1.2 General Instructions for making entries
WARNING: When an applicant asks for the issue or revalidation of qualifications, confirm that
they have sufficient space in the tables on their licence to make the appropriate entries. You
cannot issue or revalidate a qualification by making an entry anywhere except in the tables.
If you write an entry anywhere on the licence outside the printed tables, it renders the
qualification invalid. (This refers only to complete entries, not to a pen stroke of an entry in the
table that falls partially outside the table)
1. Written entries must be legible, complete, in black/blue ink and printed in CAPITAL
LETTERS.
Note: Stamps can be used to make entries, except for the signature which must be written
2. For all entries use only the abbreviations from the table of abbreviations at the back of the
licence. If you need to issue a qualification that is not listed a complete table of
abbreviations is included at the back of this guide
Note: The table of abbreviations in the licence only lists commonly used abbreviations due to
the lack of space. If you need to issue a qualification that is not listed a complete table of
abbreviations is included in this guide
3. If you make a mistake, draw a line through the entire entry and initial it, as shown below.
Initial Issue: Aircraft ratings / Operational ratings and endorsements / Design feature and
flight activity endorsements
Issue Date Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY Ratings / Endorsements DD/MM/YY Name / ARN
AI
23/06/15 MEA------- ------------------------ 30/06/17 AN Instructor AInstructor
12XX34
4. Entering qualifications that you are not authorised to enter is an offence.
5. Under no circumstances sign a licence leaving a row blank for an applicant to complete.
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6. When entering a qualification never leave a column blank. Always place a large X in any
unused column/s
Initial issue - aircraft ratings / Operational ratings and endorsements / Design feature and
flight activity endorsements
Issue date Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY Ratings/Endorsements DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 RU GTE ------------------------------ X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
7.
i. When making entries in the columns for qualifications i.e. Ratings/Endorsements
you must start any entry from the far left-hand side of the column and place a line
from the end of the entry to the far right-hand side of the column. Multiple
endorsements must be entered with a space between them.
ii. Fill any remaining space in the Ratings/Endorsements column with a line from the
last entry to the right-hand side of the column.
Initial issue - Aircraft ratings / Operational ratings and endorsements / Design feature and
flight activity endorsements
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
A Examiner
23/06/15 PIR SEA NNDB NVOR--------- 23/06/17 AN Examiner 23XX45
8. If you are entering so many endorsements that you run out of space in the column of a
single row, simply extend the entry into the row below. Make it clear that the entries in the
new row and original row are linked, as follows:
Initial issue - Aircraft ratings / Operational ratings and endorsements / Design feature and
flight activity endorsements
Issue date Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY Ratings/Endorsements DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 IR SEA NNDB NVOR NGNSS 30/06/17 AN Examiner 23XX45 A Examiner
PSID PSTAR----
X DEPS VORL--------------------------- X X A Examiner
9. Aircraft type ratings must be entered exactly as listed in the latest edition of the
’Prescription of Aircraft and Ratings’ instrument for the type designator
10. When revalidating qualifications by way of proficiency check or flight review use the
following format in the table:
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Proficiency check – Aircraft ratings and operational ratings
Issue Date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
14/04/15 IPC MEA------------------------------- 30/04/16 AN Examiner 23XX45 A Examiner
Flight review – Aircraft ratings and operational ratings
Issue Date Ratings Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
14/04/15 FR MEA----------------------------------- 30/04/17 AN Examiner 23XX45 A Examiner
Note: Enter the proficiency check code e.g. IPC, FPC etc., then leave a space and then add
the aircraft class or type rating as applicable. For a flight review, enter the FR code, leave a
space, and then add the abbreviations as applicable
11. If required, there is a provision to make long entries in the issued by column as displayed
in the example e.g. “stack the entry”. This format is not available for any other columns:
AN Instructor
10XX23
Important: There are tables in the back of the licence,
• one for issue labelled:
Initial issue - Aircraft ratings / Operational ratings and endorsements / Design feature and
flight activity endorsements
• the other for revalidation of qualifications labelled:
Flight review and proficiency check – Aircraft ratings and operational ratings
Ensure you use the correct table when making an entry depending on whether you are issuing
or revalidating a qualification.
17.1.3 Making entries for the issue of qualifications
1. The correct table to use for the issue of a CASR Part 61 qualification is the:
Initial issue – Aircraft ratings/Operational ratings and endorsements/Design feature and flight
activity endorsements
2. The table uses the following layout:
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
3. The following qualifications are issued using this table:
a. Operational ratings
b. Aircraft class ratings
c. NOTE: Category ratings are issued at the time of a flight test for a licence
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d. Aircraft type ratings
e. Design feature endorsements
f. Flight activity endorsements
g. Recreational pilot licence endorsements
Note: Licences can only be issued by CASA
17.2 Personnel authorised to enter qualifications in the CASR Part
61 licence
1. Either flight examiners (however named) or pilot instructors can make entries for the issue
of qualifications.
2. Pilot instructors (who must hold the training endorsement for the endorsement they are
issuing) are restricted to issuing the following qualifications:
a. Design feature endorsements
b. Flight activity endorsements
c. Recreational pilot licence endorsements (Grade 1 and 2 only)
d. Any other endorsement for which a flight test is not required.
3. Flight examiners (however named) must hold the relevant flight test authorisation, for the
pilot qualification they are issuing.
17.3 General instructions for issuing qualifications
1. Enter issue date using the correct date format in the Issue date column
2. Check the abbreviations table for the correct abbreviation to enter into the table applicable
to the Ratings/Endorsements you are issuing.
3. Enter the applicable aircraft rating or operational rating and endorsements in the
Ratings/Endorsements column using the correct format.
Note: The Ratings/Endorsements column is also used to enter design feature or flight activity
endorsements.
4. Enter validity date in the Valid to column
5. Enter your name and ARN in the Issued by column
6. Enter your signature in the signature column
17.4 General information for revalidation of qualifications
1. Under CASR Part 61 qualifications are perpetual; that is, they do not expire
2. To maintain the privileges of a qualification under Part 61 the holder must revalidate their
qualifications if required by the regulation
3. Revalidation can be achieved by:
a. Proficiency check
b. Flight review
4. Proficiency checks are required for:
a. Operational ratings:
b. Instrument rating
c. Instructor rating
d. Aerial application rating
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e. Night vision imaging system rating
f. Flight examiner rating
5. Flight reviews are required for:
a. Aircraft class ratings (check the regulations for other categories):
i. Single-engine aeroplane class
ii. Multi-engine aeroplane class
iii. Aeroplane type ratings
iv. Single-engine helicopter class
v. Multi engine helicopter class (EX49/22)
vi. Helicopter type ratings
b. Operational ratings:
i. Night VFR rating
ii. Low level rating
iii. Private instrument rating
Proficiency checks satisfy the flight review requirement for the aircraft class or type in which
they were conducted. (this does not constitute a licencing outcome of a flight review being
recorded on a Part 61 flight crew licence).
Note: An instrument proficiency check (for example) on an aircraft covered by the multi-
engine aeroplane class satisfies the flight review requirement for that class.
17.5 Entries showing the initial issue of qualifications
17.5.1 Design feature endorsements (61.L.5)
Note: Design feature entries do not require a ‘valid to date’.
If an applicant is undertaking a test for the issue of an aircraft rating that has design features
they do not already hold a separate entry for the design feature is required, along with the
entry for the issue of the aircraft rating (e.g. If the applicant is undertaking an initial issue for a
multi-engine aeroplane class rating and does not have retractable undercarriage and/or
manual propeller pitch control endorsements, these design features would require a separate
line entry)
Multiple design features can be issued / endorsed with a single-line entry: e.g.: Ratings/
Endorsements
PXS GTE RU
1. Tailwheel undercarriage
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 TWU---------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
2. Retractable undercarriage
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Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 RU----------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
3. Manual propeller pitch control
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 MPPC------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
4. Gas turbine engine
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 GTE--------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34
A Instructor
5. Multi-engine centre-line thrust
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 MEAC------------------------------------ X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
6. Pressurisation system
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 PXS--------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
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7. Floatplane
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FLP---------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
8. Floating hull
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FLH---------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
9. Float alighting gear
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FLAG------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
10. Ski landing gear
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 SKIL-------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
17.5.2 Flight activity endorsements (61.S)
Note: Flight activity endorsement entries do not require a ‘valid to date’.
As with design feature endorsements a single-line entry can include multiple flight activity
endorsements.
1. Aerobatics >3000ft AGL
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 AERO-------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
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2. Aerobatics >1500ft AGL
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 A150-------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
3. Aerobatics >1000ft AGL
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 A100-------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
4. Aerobatics >500ft AGL
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 A050-------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
5. Aerobatics – Unlimited
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 AULT-------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
6. Formation flying – Aeroplane
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FF A-------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
7. Formation flying – Helicopter
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FF H-------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
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8. Spinning
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 SPIN-------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
17.5.3 Recreational pilot licence endorsements (61.G.2)
1. Controlled aerodrome
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 RPCT-------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
2. Controlled airspace
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 RPCA-------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
3. Flight radio
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 RPFR-------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
4. Recreational navigation
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 RPNA-------------------------------------- X AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
Note: Only a Grade 1 or 2 endorsement holder can issue a RPL endorsement.
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17.6 Operational Ratings
Note: This section shows the issue of an operational rating and a selection of the more
common endorsements
17.6.1 Instrument Rating (61.M)
1. Instrument rating: (MEA and IAP2D, IAP3D endorsements)
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 IR MEA IAP2D IAP3D---------------- 30/06/2016 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
2. Instrument rating: (MEH and IAP2D, IAP3D endorsements)
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 IR MEH IAP2D IAP3D---------------- 30/06/2016 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
3. Instrument rating: (SEA and IAP2D, IAP3D endorsements)
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 IR SEA IAP2D IAP3D---------------- 30/06/2016 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
Note: When issued, the instrument rating must have an endorsement indicating the specific
class of the category e.g. SEA, MEA, SEH, MEH
17.6.2 Flight Instructor Rating (61.T)
Note: The endorsements for the FIR are exactly the same as for the simulator instructor
rating. When issuing a simulator instructor rating follow the entry formats below.
Initial issue is valid for 12 months, then for 24 months thereafter
1. Instructor rating: (Grade 3 for the aeroplane category)
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FIR G3A---------------------------------- 30/06/2016 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
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2. Instructor rating: (Grade 3 for the helicopter category)
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FIR G3H---------------------------------- 30/06/2016 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
3. Instructor rating: (Holder issued a design feature training endorsement)
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FIR DF------------------------------------ 30/06/2016 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
Note: The design feature training endorsement is not category specific, so no category is
listed.
4. Instructor rating: (Holder issued a type rating training endorsement)
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FIR TR A320 ---------------------------- 30/06/2016 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
Note: The type must be entered along with the TR endorsement as it is type specific
5. Instructor rating: (Holder issued an instrument rating training endorsement)
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FIR A IR ---------------------------------- 30/06/2016 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
Note: The category must be entered because the IR endorsement is category specific
6. Instructor rating: (Holder issued a class rating training endorsement for MEA)
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FIR CLR MEA ------------------------- 30/06/2016 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
Note: The category does not need to be entered because the class rating for a given category
is entered (class rating specific endorsement)
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7. Instructor rating: (Holder issued a multi-crew pilot training endorsement)
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FIR MCP --------------------------------- 30/06/2016 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
Note: The category does not need to be entered as it is not category specific
17.6.3 Night VFR Rating (61.O)
1. Night VFR rating: (SEA endorsement)
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 NVFR SEA ------------------------------ 23/06/2017 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
2. Night VFR rating: (MEA endorsement)
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 NVFR MEA ------------------------------ 23/06/2017 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
3. Night VFR rating: (Helicopter endorsement)
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 NVFR H --------------------------------- 23/06/2017 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
Note: The night VFR rating does not differentiate between single and multi-engine helicopters
for the helicopter category, so only the category abbreviation needs be entered for helicopters
17.6.4 Private Instrument Rating (61.N)
1. Private IFR rating: (SEA endorsement with navigation GNSS, navigation VOR, approach
VOR / LLZ and approach RNP 2 dimensional)
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 PIR SEA NGNSS NVOR VORL 23/06/2017 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
RNP2D------------------------------
Note: When issued, the PIR must have an endorsement indicating the specific class of the
category e.g. SEA, MEA, SEH, MEH
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17.6.5 Aerial Application Rating (61.R)
1. Aerial application rating: (Aeroplane category endorsement)
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 AA A------------------------------------- 30/06/2016 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
2. Aerial application rating: (Helicopter category endorsement)
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 AA H------------------------------------- 30/06/2016 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
Note: When issued, the aerial application rating must have an endorsement indicating the
specific category.
17.6.6 Low Level Rating (61.Q)
1. Low level rating: (Aeroplane category endorsement)
Note: 24 month flight review granted under exemption
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 LL H------------------------------------- 23/06/2016 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
2. Low level rating: (Helicopter category endorsement)
Note: 24 month flight review granted under exemption
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 LL H------------------------------------- 23/06/2016 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
Note: When issued, the low level rating must have an endorsement indicating the specific
category.
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17.6.7 Night vision imaging system rating (61.P)
1. Night vision imaging system rating: (Grade 2 endorsement)
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 NVIS G2 --------------------------------- 30/06/2016 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
2. Night vision imaging system rating: (Grade 1 endorsement)
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 NVIS G1 --------------------------------- 30/06/2016 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
Note: When issued, the night vision imaging system rating does not need an abbreviation
indicating the specific category because this rating is helicopter category only.
17.6.8 Flight examiner rating (61.U)
Note: This rating is not covered in this document as it is a qualification issued by CASA
17.6.9 Aircraft category class and type ratings (61.L.3 / 61.L.5)
Note: No licence table entry is required if a new category rating is being tested for an existing
level of licence or a new licence level. CASA will issue a new licence with the category rating
entered in its front section.
17.7 Aeroplane ratings
Note: The following applies for the issue of a new class/type rating.
1. A new class or type rating successfully tested for the issue of a higher level of licence of
the same category can be entered onto the lower level of licence immediately following the
successful test.
E.g.: a PPL holder (with an aeroplane category rating) tested for a CPL on a MEA or
B350/1900 can have the MEA or B350/1900 entered onto the PPL immediately following
the successful flight test to allow the holder to fly the MEA or B350/1900.
2. A new class rating or type rating successfully tested for a new category rating cannot be
entered onto an existing licence.
E.g. A PPL holder (with an aeroplane category rating only) cannot have a SEH or the
helicopter type rating entered onto the licence following a successful flight test for any
level of licence. The applicant cannot exercise the privileges of the helicopter class or type
rating until CASA has issued it.
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17.7.1 Issuing an aeroplane class rating
1. Single-engine aeroplane class rating
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 SEA -------------------------------------- 30/06/2017 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
2. Multi-engine aeroplane class rating
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 MEA -------------------------------------- 30/06/2017 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
Note: A multi-engine aeroplane class rating that is not associated with the issue of a licence
still requires a flight test by an appropriately endorsed flight examiner or 61.040 approval
holder.
Note: The rating is valid for 24 months from the end of the month in which it was issued. If an
activity that meets flight review requirements is not conducted within the 24 month period, a
flight review is required on or before the expiry date to maintain the privileges of the rating.
17.7.2 Issuing an aeroplane type rating
1. Aeroplane type rating
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 B737 300 to 900 ----------------------- 30/06/2017 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
Note: The issue of a type rating requires a flight test by an appropriately endorsed flight
examiner (however named). The type rating is entered exactly as listed in the latest edition of
the ’Prescription of Aircraft and Ratings – CASR Part 61’ instrument for the type designator
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17.8 Helicopter Ratings
17.8.1 Issuing a helicopter class rating
1. Single-engine helicopter class rating
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 SEH -------------------------------------- 30/06/2017 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
17.8.2 Issuing a helicopter type rating
1. Multi-engine helicopter type rating
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 SK92 -------------------------------------- 30/06/2017 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
Note: The issue of a helicopter type rating (single or multi-engine) should have the type listed
exactly as per the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998-“Prescription of aircraft and ratings –
CASR Part”
17.9 Entries for revalidation of qualifications
17.9.1 Operational ratings (requiring proficiency checks)
Note: Under Part 61, proficiency checks satisfy the flight review requirement for an aircraft
category class or type rating in which the proficiency check was conducted. However, no
separate entry is recorded in the licence document.
17.9.2 Instrument rating (12 months)
Note: Flight crew participating in an “approved training and checking system”, for which a
61.040 approval has been issued and exempts the operator from the requirements of 61.880,
do not require a licence table entry.
1. Instrument proficiency check on multi-engine aeroplane
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 IPC MEA -------------------------------- 30/06/2016 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
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2. Instrument proficiency check on multi-engine helicopter
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 IPC MEH -------------------------------- 30/06/2016 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
17.9.3 Flight instructor rating (includes simulator instructor) (24
months)
1. Flight instructor proficiency check on multi-engine aeroplane class
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FPC MEA ------------------------------- 30/06/2017 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
Note: The FPC (flight instructor proficiency check) entry must be followed by a class or type
rating entry the check was conducted in.
e.g. FPC MEA, FPC SEH, FPC A109, FPC A320
Adding the class/type rating after the FPC provides evidence of satisfying the flight review for
that class/type. The FPC abbreviation covers the proficiency check for both Flight and
Simulator instructor.
17.9.4 Aerial application rating (12 months)
1. Aerial application proficiency check on single-engine aeroplane class
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 APC SEA ------------------------------- 30/06/2016 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
17.9.5 Night vision imaging system rating (12 months)
1. Night vision proficiency check on multi-engine helicopter type
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 NPC SK92 ------------------------------ 30/06/2017 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
17.9.6 Flight Examiner Rating (CASA only)
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17.10 Operational ratings (requiring flight reviews)
Note: A pilot completing a successful flight review for a night VFR, low level or private IFR
rating is NOT taken to have automatically completed a flight review for the class or type of
aircraft in which they completed the operational rating flight review.
If a flight review for a class or type is going to be completed at the same time of the
operational rating flight review the instructor must ensure that the mandatory flight review
items for the class or type have also been covered / met during the operational rating flight
review.
Important: If the flight review for the type or class rating is completed at the same time then a
separate entry is required for the type or class flight review.
17.10.1 Night VFR rating (24 months)
1. Night VFR flight review
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FR NVFR ------------------------------ 23/06/2017 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
Note: If you hold a multi-engine aeroplane night endorsement you must have a separate flight
review for the night VFR rating to maintain night VFR rating privileges for that class. It is
advised holders of the SEA and MEA endorsement on the NVFR do the flight review in the
MEA
17.10.2 Low level rating (24 months)
1. Low level flight review
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FR LLR ---------------------------------- 23/06/2017 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
17.10.3 Private instrument rating (24 months)
1. Private instrument flight review
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FR PIR---------------------------------- 23/06/2017 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
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17.11 Aircraft category ratings (requiring flight reviews)
17.11.1 Single-engine aeroplane class
1. Flight review single-engine aeroplane class
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FR SEA---------------------------------- 30/06/2017 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
17.11.2 Multi-engine aeroplane class
1. Flight review multi-engine aeroplane class
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FR MEA---------------------------------- 30/06/2017 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
17.11.3 Aeroplane type ratings
1. Flight review aeroplane type rating
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FR B737 300 to 900 ------------------ 30/06/2017 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
Note: In most cases the flight review entry for an aeroplane type rating will not be required
because an instrument proficiency check on the type also covers the flight review
requirement.
17.11.4 Single-engine helicopter class
1. Flight review single-engine helicopter class
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FR SEH---------------------------------- 30/06/2017 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
17.11.5 Helicopter type
1. Flight review helicopter type ratings
Issue date Ratings/Endorsements Valid to Issued by Signature
DD/MM/YY DD/MM/YY Name/ARN
23/06/15 FR SK92 -------------------------------- 30/06/2017 AN Instructor 12XX34 A Instructor
Note: As with the aeroplane category, if an IPC has been completed on the type a flight
review entry is not required.
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18 Table of Licence Entry Abbreviations
Aircraft Category Night Vision Imaging System Rating
A Aeroplane G2 Grade 2
H Helicopter G1 Grade 1
G Gyroplane Low Level Rating
AS Airship AMA Aerial Mustering Aeroplane
PL Powered Lift AMH Aerial Mustering Helicopter
GL Glider AMG Aerial Mustering Gyroplane
Aircraft Class Rating SLING Sling Operations
SEA Single Engine Aeroplane WINCH Winching and Rappelling Operations
MEA Multi Engine Aeroplane Aerial Application Rating
SEH Single Engine Helicopter FIRE Firefighting
SEG Single Engine Gyroplane NGT Night
AS Airship Flight Instructor
Aircraft Category Endorsement on an G1 Grade 1 Training
Operational Rating
A Aeroplane G2 Grade 2 Training
H Helicopter G3 Grade 3 Training
G Gyroplane MCP Multi Crew Pilot Training
AS Airship TR Type Rating Training
PL Powered Lift CLR Class Rating Training
SEA Single Engine Aeroplane DF Design Feature Training
MEA Multi Engine Aeroplane IR Instrument Rating Training
SEH Single Engine Helicopter NVFR Night VFR Training
MEH Multi Engine Helicopter NVIS Night Vision Imaging System Training
Operational Ratings LL Low Level Rating Training
IR Instrument Rating AAD Aerial Application Rating Training – Day
Training
FIR Flight Instructor Rating AAN Aerial Application Rating Training –
Night Training
SIR Simulator Instructor Rating FIR Flight Instructor Rating Training
PIR Private Instrument Rating MEAI Multi Engine Aeroplane Class Rating
Instructor Training
LL Low Level Rating SLING Sling Operations Training
AA Aerial Application Rating WINCH Winching and Rappelling Training
FER Flight Examiner Rating SPIN Spinning Training
NVIS Night Vision Imaging Rating AERO Aerobatics Training
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NVFR Night VFR Rating FF Formation Flying Training
Proficiency Checks for Operational Ratings FAERO Formation Aerobatics Training
IPC Proficiency Check Instrument Rating Flight Examiner Rating
FPC Proficiency Check Flight Instructor Rating PPL Private Pilot Flight Test
(includes Simulator Instructor)
APC Proficiency Check Aerial Application CPL Commercial Pilot Flight Test
NPC Proficiency Check Night Vision Imaging ATPL Air Transport Pilot Flight Test
System
EPC Proficiency Check Flight Examiner MEA Multi Engine Class Flight Test
Miscellaneous TR Type Rating Flight Test
CRTR Cruise Relief Type Rating IR Instrument Rating Flight Test
FR Flight Review NVFR Night VFR Flight Test
Recreational Pilot Licence Endorsements NVIS Night Vision Imaging System Flight Test
RPNA Navigation LL Low Level Rating Flight Test
RPFR Flight Radio AA Aerial Application Flight Test
RPCA Controlled Airspace FIR Flight Instructor Rating Flight Test
RPCT Controlled Aerodrome ELP English Language Assessment
Endorsements on Operational Ratings Simulator Instructor Rating (see Flight
Instructor)
Instrument Rating Flight Activity Endorsements
IAP2D Instrument Approach 2 dimensional AERO Aerobatics >3000ft AGL
IAP3D Instrument Approach 3 dimensional A150 Aerobatics >1500ft AGL
Private Instrument Rating A100 Aerobatics >1000ft AGL
NNDB Navigation NDB A050 Aerobatics >500ft AGL
NVORL Navigation VOR/LLZ AULT Aerobatics Unlimited
NGNSS Navigation GNSS FFA Formation Flying Aerobatics
DEPS Non SID IFR Departure Single Engine FF Formation Flying
Aircraft
DEPMA Non SID IFR Departure Multi Engine SPIN Spinning
Aeroplane
DEPMH Non SID IFR Departure Multi Engine Aircraft Design Feature Endorsements
Helicopter
DEPPL Non SID IFR Departure Powered Lift TWU Tailwheel Undercarriage
DEPAS Non SID IFR Departure Airship RU Retractable Undercarriage
PSID Standard Instrument Departure SKIL Ski Landing Gear
PSTAR Standard Arrival Procedure MPPC Manual Propeller Pitch Control
NDB Approach NDB GTE Gas Turbine Engine
VORL Approach VOR/LLZ MEAC Multi Engine Centreline Thrust
DGA Approach DME / GNSS Arrival PXS Pressurisation System
RNP2 Approach RNP 2 Dimensional FLP Floatplane
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D
RNP3 Approach RNP 3 Dimensional FLH Floating Hull
D
ILS Approach ILS FLAG Float Alighting Gear
ALME Approach and Landing Multi Engine
A Aeroplane
ALME Approach and Landing Multi Engine
H Helicopter
NGT Night
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19 Summary Table of Flight Review and Proficiency Check
Requirements
Rating Re-validation and Validity Notes
Period
Aircraft Ratings FR* 24 months
1. MEA covers SEA
2. R22 and R44 single engine
helicopter types cover SEH FR*
3. All type ratings require a flight
review if not re-validated by a PC
4. Type ratings flown under the IFR
require instrument proficiency on
the type which is valid for 24
months
* It is a condition on the SEH flight
review that to conduct operations in
an R22 or R44 helicopter, a flight
review must have been conducted in
an R22 or R44 helicopter within the
previous 24 months
Instrument Rating PC** 12 months
Pilot Instructor Rating PC** 12 months initial
issue / 24 months
thereafter
Night VFR Rating FR* 24 months
Night Vision PC ** 12 months
Imaging System
Rating
Aerial Application PC** 12 months
Rating
Private Instrument FR * 24 months
Rating
Low Level Rating FR * 24 months exemption
*Flight Review = FR
**Proficiency Check = PC
Note: A flight review for an operational rating DOES NOT automatically give a FR for the
aircraft type / class on which it was done.
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