gdalwarpgdalwarp
- image reprojection and warping utility
gdalwarp [--help-general] [--formats]
[-s_srs srs_def] [-t_srs srs_def] [-to "NAME=VALUE"]* [-novshiftgrid]
[-order n | -tps | -rpc | -geoloc] [-et err_threshold]
[-refine_gcps tolerance [minimum_gcps]]
[-te xmin ymin xmax ymax] [-te_srs srs_def]
[-tr xres yres] [-tap] [-ts width height]
[-ovr level|AUTO|AUTO-n|NONE] [-wo "NAME=VALUE"] [-ot Byte/Int16/...] [-wt Byte/Int16]
[-srcnodata "value [value...]"] [-dstnodata "value [value...]"]
[-srcalpha|-nosrcalpha] [-dstalpha]
[-r resampling_method] [-wm memory_in_mb] [-multi] [-q]
[-cutline datasource] [-cl layer] [-cwhere expression]
[-csql statement] [-cblend dist_in_pixels] [-crop_to_cutline]
[-of format] [-co "NAME=VALUE"]* [-overwrite]
[-nomd] [-cvmd meta_conflict_value] [-setci] [-oo NAME=VALUE]*
[-doo NAME=VALUE]*
srcfile* dstfile
The gdalwarp utility is an image mosaicing, reprojection and
warping utility. The program can reproject to any supported projection, and
can also apply GCPs stored with the image if the image is 'raw' with control
information.
- -s_srs
srs def:
- source spatial reference set. The coordinate systems that can be passed
are anything supported by the OGRSpatialReference.SetFromUserInput() call,
which includes EPSG PCS and GCSes (i.e. EPSG:4296), PROJ.4 declarations
(as above), or the name of a .prj file containing well known text.
Starting with GDAL 2.2, if the SRS has an explicit vertical datum that
points to a PROJ.4 geoidgrids, and the input dataset is a single band
dataset, a vertical correction will be applied to the values of the
dataset.
- -t_srs
srs_def:
- target spatial reference set. The coordinate systems that can be passed
are anything supported by the OGRSpatialReference.SetFromUserInput() call,
which includes EPSG PCS and GCSes (i.e. EPSG:4296), PROJ.4 declarations
(as above), or the name of a .prj file containing well known text.
Starting with GDAL 2.2, if the SRS has an explicit vertical datum that
points to a PROJ.4 geoidgrids, and the input dataset is a single band
dataset, a vertical correction will be applied to the values of the
dataset.
- -to
NAME=VALUE:
- set a transformer option suitable to pass to
GDALCreateGenImgProjTransformer2().
- -novshiftgrid
- (GDAL >= 2.2) Disable the use of vertical datum shift grids when one of
the source or target SRS has an explicit vertical datum, and the input
dataset is a single band dataset.
- -order
n:
- order of polynomial used for warping (1 to 3). The default is to select a
polynomial order based on the number of GCPs.
- -tps:
- Force use of thin plate spline transformer based on available GCPs.
- -rpc:
- Force use of RPCs.
- -geoloc:
- Force use of Geolocation Arrays.
- -et
err_threshold:
- error threshold for transformation approximation (in pixel units -
defaults to 0.125, unless, starting with GDAL 2.1, the RPC_DEM warping
option is specified, in which case, an exact transformer, i.e.
err_threshold=0, will be used).
- -refine_gcps
tolerance minimum_gcps:
- (GDAL >= 1.9.0) refines the GCPs by automatically eliminating outliers.
Outliers will be eliminated until minimum_gcps are left or when no
outliers can be detected. The tolerance is passed to adjust when a GCP
will be eliminated. Not that GCP refinement only works with polynomial
interpolation. The tolerance is in pixel units if no projection is
available, otherwise it is in SRS units. If minimum_gcps is not provided,
the minimum GCPs according to the polynomial model is used.
- -te xmin
ymin xmax ymax:
- set georeferenced extents of output file to be created (in target SRS by
default, or in the SRS specified with -te_srs)
- -te_srs
srs_def:
- (GDAL >= 2.0) Specifies the SRS in which to interpret the coordinates
given with -te. The srs_def may be any of the usual GDAL/OGR forms,
complete WKT, PROJ.4, EPSG:n or a file containing the WKT. This must not
be confused with -t_srs which is the target SRS of the output dataset.
-te_srs is a convenience e.g. when knowing the output coordinates in a
geodetic long/lat SRS, but still wanting a result in a projected
coordinate system.
- -tr xres
yres:
- set output file resolution (in target georeferenced units)
- -tap:
- (GDAL >= 1.8.0) (target aligned pixels) align the coordinates of the
extent of the output file to the values of the -tr, such that the aligned
extent includes the minimum extent.
- -ts width
height:
- set output file size in pixels and lines. If width or height is set to 0,
the other dimension will be guessed from the computed resolution. Note
that -ts cannot be used with -tr
- -ovr
level|AUTO|AUTO-n|NONE>:
- (GDAL >= 2.0) To specify which overview level of source files must be
used. The default choice, AUTO, will select the overview level whose
resolution is the closest to the target resolution. Specify an integer
value (0-based, i.e. 0=1st overview level) to select a particular level.
Specify AUTO-n where n is an integer greater or equal to 1, to select an
overview level below the AUTO one. Or specify NONE to force the base
resolution to be used (can be useful if overviews have been generated with
a low quality resampling method, and the warping is done using a higher
quality resampling method).
- -wo
'NAME=VALUE':
- Set a warp option. The GDALWarpOptions::papszWarpOptions docs show all
options. Multiple -wo options may be listed.
- -ot
type:
- For the output bands to be of the indicated data type.
- -wt
type:
- Working pixel data type. The data type of pixels in the source image and
destination image buffers.
- -r
resampling_method:
- Resampling method to use. Available methods are:
- near:
- nearest neighbour resampling (default, fastest algorithm, worst
interpolation quality).
- bilinear:
- bilinear resampling.
- cubic:
- cubic resampling.
- cubicspline:
- cubic spline resampling.
- lanczos:
- Lanczos windowed sinc resampling.
- average:
- average resampling, computes the average of all non-NODATA contributing
pixels. (GDAL >= 1.10.0)
- mode:
- mode resampling, selects the value which appears most often of all the
sampled points. (GDAL >= 1.10.0)
- max:
- maximum resampling, selects the maximum value from all non-NODATA
contributing pixels. (GDAL >= 2.0.0)
- min:
- minimum resampling, selects the minimum value from all non-NODATA
contributing pixels. (GDAL >= 2.0.0)
- med:
- median resampling, selects the median value of all non-NODATA contributing
pixels. (GDAL >= 2.0.0)
- q1:
- first quartile resampling, selects the first quartile value of all
non-NODATA contributing pixels. (GDAL >= 2.0.0)
- q3:
- third quartile resampling, selects the third quartile value of all
non-NODATA contributing pixels. (GDAL >= 2.0.0)
- -srcnodata
value [value...]:
- Set nodata masking values for input bands (different values can be
supplied for each band). If more than one value is supplied all values
should be quoted to keep them together as a single operating system
argument. Masked values will not be used in interpolation. Use a value of
None to ignore intrinsic nodata settings on the source
dataset.
- -dstnodata
value [value...]:
- Set nodata values for output bands (different values can be supplied for
each band). If more than one value is supplied all values should be quoted
to keep them together as a single operating system argument. New files
will be initialized to this value and if possible the nodata value will be
recorded in the output file. Use a value of None to ensure that nodata
is not defined (GDAL>=1.11). If this argument is not used then nodata
values will be copied from the source dataset (GDAL>=1.11).
- -srcalpha:
- Force the last band of a source image to be considered as a source alpha
band.
- -nosrcalpha:
- Prevent the alpha band of a source image to be considered as such (it will
be warped as a regular band) (GDAL>=2.2).
- -dstalpha:
- Create an output alpha band to identify nodata (unset/transparent)
pixels.
- -wm
memory_in_mb:
- Set the amount of memory (in megabytes) that the warp API is allowed to
use for caching.
- -multi:
- Use multithreaded warping implementation. Two threads will be used to
process chunks of image and perform input/output operation simultaneously.
Note that computation is not multithreaded itself. To do that, you can use
the -wo NUM_THREADS=val/ALL_CPUS option, which can be combined with
-multi
- -q:
- Be quiet.
- -of
format:
- Select the output format. The default is GeoTIFF (GTiff). Use the short
format name.
- -co
'NAME=VALUE':
- passes a creation option to the output format driver. Multiple -co
options may be listed. See format specific documentation for legal
creation options for each format
- -cutline
datasource:
- Enable use of a blend cutline from the name OGR support datasource.
- -cl
layername:
- Select the named layer from the cutline datasource.
- -cwhere
expression:
- Restrict desired cutline features based on attribute query.
- -csql
query:
- Select cutline features using an SQL query instead of from a layer with
-cl.
- -cblend
distance:
- Set a blend distance to use to blend over cutlines (in pixels).
- -crop_to_cutline:
- (GDAL >= 1.8.0) Crop the extent of the target dataset to the extent of
the cutline.
- -overwrite:
- (GDAL >= 1.8.0) Overwrite the target dataset if it already exists.
- -nomd:
- (GDAL >= 1.10.0) Do not copy metadata. Without this option, dataset and
band metadata (as well as some band information) will be copied from the
first source dataset. Items that differ between source datasets will be
set to * (see -cvmd option).
- -cvmd
meta_conflict_value:
- (GDAL >= 1.10.0) Value to set metadata items that conflict between
source datasets (default is '*'). Use '' to remove conflicting items.
- -setci:
- (GDAL >= 1.10.0) Set the color interpretation of the bands of the
target dataset from the source dataset.
- -oo
NAME=VALUE:
- (starting with GDAL 2.0) Dataset open option (format specific)
- -doo
NAME=VALUE:
- (starting with GDAL 2.1) Output dataset open option (format specific)
- srcfile:
- The source file name(s).
- dstfile:
- The destination file name.
Mosaicing into an existing output file is supported if the output
file already exists. The spatial extent of the existing file will not be
modified to accommodate new data, so you may have to remove it in that case,
or use the -overwrite option.
Polygon cutlines may be used as a mask to restrict the area of the
destination file that may be updated, including blending. If the OGR layer
containing the cutline features has no explicit SRS, the cutline features
must be in the SRS of the destination file. When writing to a not yet
existing target dataset, its extent will be the one of the original raster
unless -te or -crop_to_cutline are specified.
When doing vertical shift adjustments, the transformer option -to
ERROR_ON_MISSING_VERT_SHIFT=YES can be used to error out as soon as a
vertical shift value is missing (instead of 0 being used).
- •
- For instance, an eight bit spot scene stored in GeoTIFF with control
points mapping the corners to lat/long could be warped to a UTM projection
with a command like this:
gdalwarp -t_srs '+proj=utm +zone=11 +datum=WGS84' -overwrite raw_spot.tif utm11.tif
- •
- For instance, the second channel of an ASTER image stored in HDF with
control points mapping the corners to lat/long could be warped to a UTM
projection with a command like this:
gdalwarp -overwrite HDF4_SDS:ASTER_L1B:"pg-PR1B0000-2002031402_100_001":2 pg-PR1B0000-2002031402_100_001_2.tif
- •
- (GDAL >= 2.2) To apply a cutline on a un-georeferenced image and clip
from pixel (220,60) to pixel (1160,690):
gdalwarp -overwrite -to SRC_METHOD=NO_GEOTRANSFORM -to DST_METHOD=NO_GEOTRANSFORM -te 220 60 1160 690 -cutline cutline.csv in.png out.tif
where cutline.csv content is like:
id,WKT
1,"POLYGON((....))"
- •
- (GDAL >= 2.2) To transform a DEM from geoid elevations (using EGM96) to
WGS84 ellipsoidal heights:
gdalwarp -overwrite in_dem.tif out_dem.tif -s_srs EPSG:4326+5773 -t_srs EPSG:4979
http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/wiki/UserDocs/GdalWarp : Wiki page
discussing options and behaviours of gdalwarp
Frank Warmerdam warmerdam@pobox.com, Silke Reimer
silke@intevation.de