tiffcp - copy (and possibly convert) a TIFF
file
tiffcp [ options ] src1.tif ... srcN.tif
dst.tif
tiffcp combines one or more files created according to the
Tag Image File Format, Revision 6.0 into a single TIFF file.
Because the output file may be compressed using a different algorithm than
the input files, tiffcp is most often used to convert between
different compression schemes.
By default, tiffcp will copy all the understood tags in a
TIFF directory of an input file to the associated directory
in the output file.
tiffcp can be used to reorganize the storage
characteristics of data in a file, but it is explicitly intended to not
alter or convert the image data content in any way.
- -a
- Append to an existing output file instead of overwriting it.
- -b image
- subtract the following monochrome image from all others processed. This
can be used to remove a noise bias from a set of images. This bias image
is typically an image of noise the camera saw with its shutter
closed.
- -B
- Force output to be written with Big-Endian byte order. This option only
has an effect when the output file is created or overwritten and not when
it is appended to.
- -C
- Suppress the use of ``strip chopping'' when reading images that have a
single strip/tile of uncompressed data.
- -c
- Specify the compression to use for data written to the output file:
none for no compression, packbits for PackBits compression,
lzw for Lempel-Ziv & Welch compression, zip for Deflate
compression, lzma for LZMA2 compression, jpeg for baseline
JPEG compression, g3 for CCITT Group 3 (T.4) compression, g4
for CCITT Group 4 (T.6) compression, or sgilog for SGILOG
compression. By default tiffcp will compress data according to the
value of the Compression tag found in the source file.
- The CCITT Group 3 and Group 4 compression algorithms can
only be used with bilevel data.
- Group 3 compression can be specified together with several T.4-specific
options: 1d for 1-dimensional encoding, 2d for 2-dimensional
encoding, and fill to force each encoded scanline to be zero-filled
so that the terminating EOL code lies on a byte boundary. Group 3-specific
options are specified by appending a ``:''-separated list to the ``g3''
option; e.g. -c g3:2d:fill to get 2D-encoded data with byte-aligned
EOL codes.
- LZW, Deflate and LZMA2 compression can be
specified together with a predictor value. A predictor value of 2
causes each scanline of the output image to undergo horizontal
differencing before it is encoded; a value of 1 forces each scanline to be
encoded without differencing. A value 3 is for floating point predictor
which you can use if the encoded data are in floating point format.
LZW-specific options are specified by appending a ``:''-separated list to
the ``lzw'' option; e.g. -c lzw:2 for LZW
compression with horizontal differencing.
- Deflate and LZMA2 encoders support various
compression levels (or encoder presets) set as character ``p'' and a
preset number. ``p1'' is the fastest one with the worst compression ratio
and ``p9'' is the slowest but with the best possible ratio; e.g. -c
zip:3:p9 for Deflate encoding with maximum compression
level and floating point predictor.
- -f
- Specify the bit fill order to use in writing output data. By default,
tiffcp will create a new file with the same fill order as the
original. Specifying -f lsb2msb will force data to be written with
the FillOrder tag set to LSB2MSB, while -f msb2lsb
will force data to be written with the FillOrder tag set to
MSB2LSB.
- -i
- Ignore non-fatal read errors and continue processing of the input
file.
- -l
- Specify the length of a tile (in pixels). tiffcp attempts to set
the tile dimensions so that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a
tile.
- -L
- Force output to be written with Little-Endian byte order. This option only
has an effect when the output file is created or overwritten and not when
it is appended to.
- -M
- Suppress the use of memory-mapped files when reading images.
- -o offset
- Set initial directory offset.
- -p
- Specify the planar configuration to use in writing image data that has one
8-bit sample per pixel. By default, tiffcp will create a new file
with the same planar configuration as the original. Specifying -p
contig will force data to be written with multi-sample data packed
together, while -p separate will force samples to be written in
separate planes.
- -r
- Specify the number of rows (scanlines) in each strip of data written to
the output file. By default (or when value 0 is specified),
tiffcp attempts to set the rows/strip that no more than 8 kilobytes
of data appear in a strip. If you specify special value -1 it will
results in infinite number of the rows per strip. The entire image will be
the one strip in that case.
- -s
- Force the output file to be written with data organized in strips (rather
than tiles).
- -t
- Force the output file to be written with data organized in tiles (rather
than strips). options can be used to force the resultant image to be
written as strips or tiles of data, respectively.
- -w
- Specify the width of a tile (in pixels). tiffcp attempts to set the
tile dimensions so that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile.
tiffcp attempts to set the tile dimensions so that no more than 8
kilobytes of data appear in a tile.
- -x
- Force the output file to be written with PAGENUMBER value in
sequence.
- -8
- Write BigTIFF instead of classic TIFF format.
- -,=character
- substitute character for `,' in parsing image directory indices in
files. This is necessary if filenames contain commas. Note that -,=
with whitespace immediately following will disable the special meaning of
the `,' entirely. See examples.
The following concatenates two files and writes the result using
LZW encoding:
tiffcp -c lzw a.tif b.tif result.tif
To convert a G3 1d-encoded TIFF to a single strip
of G4-encoded data the following might be used:
tiffcp -c g4 -r 10000 g3.tif g4.tif
(1000 is just a number that is larger than the number of rows in the source
file.)
To extract a selected set of images from a multi-image TIFF file,
the file name may be immediately followed by a `,' separated list of image
directory indices. The first image is always in directory 0. Thus, to copy
the 1st and 3rd images of image file ``album.tif'' to ``result.tif'':
tiffcp album.tif,0,2 result.tif
A trailing comma denotes remaining images in sequence. The
following command will copy all image with except the first one:
tiffcp album.tif,1, result.tif
Given file ``CCD.tif'' whose first image is a noise bias followed
by images which include that bias, subtract the noise from all those images
following it (while decompressing) with the command:
tiffcp -c none -b CCD.tif CCD.tif,1, result.tif
If the file above were named ``CCD,X.tif'', the -,= option
would be required to correctly parse this filename with image numbers, as
follows:
tiffcp -c none -,=% -b CCD,X.tif CCD,X%1%.tif result.tif