ctrans - a Computer Graphics Metafile ( CGM )
translator
ctrans [ -bell ] [ -d device ] [
-f font ] [ -lmin min ] [ -lmax
max ] [ -lscale scale ] [ -movie time ] [
-outfile file ] [ -pal pal_fname ] [
-pause ] [ -quiet ] [ -record record_num ... ] [
-soft ] [ -verbose ] [ -Version ] [ -viewport
llx:lly:urx:ury ] [ -wid window_id ] [ -window
llx:lly:urx:ury ] [ device-specific options ] [ - |
metafile ... ]
ctrans is a metafile translator, taking metafile(s),
a metafile stored in the NCAR Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM)
standard, and interpreting its instructions on the device defined by the
GRAPHCAP environment variable. Fonts are stroked according to specifications
in the Fontcap file defined by the FONTCAP environment variable.
ctrans utilizes Graphcaps by default, see
graphcap(5NCARG), while providing optional processing by user
provided libraries, if that is required by the device or desired by the
user. Thus, ctrans is capable of driving any device for which a
Graphcap is available; with programming modifications, ctrans
can accommodate any device for which an external library of plotting
routines is available. Currently, the following Graphcap independent
devices are supported: X11 under release 4 and 5, version 11 of
X.
ctrans can also translate metacode into the following
raster formats: a60, avs, hdf, hppcl, nrif, sun and xwd. The
device specifier for these raster formats is the name of the format. For
example "-d xwd" specifies translation to an xwd formatted raster
file. Additionally, a clear text driver, "-d CTXT", is available
on any terminal. Not all of the aforementioned devices may be supported by
your particular configuration of ctrans. For a list of supported
devices see the gcaps(1NCARG) command.
ctrans will read from the standard input if no metafile
name is specified or the the name specified is `-'.
- -bell
- Ring the bell at the end of each frame. The default is to run in silent
mode. This option is not supported by all devices.
- -d device
- Device name. ctrans will use the Graphcap (if it exists) or
the appropriate graphics library indicated by device;
- If device is preceded by a UNIX directory path then ctrans
will look in that directory for the specified graphcap. Otherwise
ctrans searches the directory $NCARG_ROOT/lib/ncarg/graphcaps for
the graphcap.
- For all device specifications except X11 output is directed to
standard out. In the case of X11 translation results in appropriate
calls to the X11 libraries. See graphcap(5NCARG) for a description
of supported devices. See gcaps(1NCARG) for a list of devices
supported by your particular configuration of ctrans.
- This option overrides the GRAPHCAP environment variable.
- -f fontcap
- Fontcap file to be used for stroking text. When interpreting CGM
TEXT command elements use fontcap as the default font for
textual translation. Note: CGMs may contain textual descriptions which are
not embedded in CGM TEXT elements. Hence they are not influenced by
fontcap specifications. Note also that a CGM may explicitly specify
a named font which may override a font provided on the command line. The
environment variable FONTCAP may also be used to specify a default
fontcap.
- If fontcap is preceded by a UNIX directory path then ctrans
will look in that directory for the specified fontcap. Otherwise
ctrans searches the directory $NCARG_ROOT/lib/ncarg/fontcaps for
the fontcap.
- See fontcap(5NCARG) for a description of the available fontcaps.
See fcap(1NCARG) for a list of the fontcaps installed on your
system.
- This option overrides the FONTCAP environment variable.
- -lmin
min
- On devices which support line width scaling all lines are guaranteed to be
scaled at least min times the default line width for that device.
This option effectively insures that the minimum value for the CGM element
"LINE WIDTH" is min.
- -lmax
max
- On devices which support line width scaling all lines are guaranteed to be
scaled at most max times the default line width for that device.
This option effectively insures that the maximum value for the CGM element
"LINE WIDTH" is max. The results of setting max
less then min are undefined.
- -lscale
scale
- On devices which support line width scaling all line width specifications
within the metafile will be scaled by scale. This option is subject
to modification by the -lmin and -lmax options.
- -movie
time
- Set pause to time seconds. In normal operation mode the translator
requires user interaction after the display of each plot. ctrans
will not proceed until the user responds. If movie mode is set
ctrans will wait time seconds after the display of each
frame and then proceed automatically. This option and the -pause
option are mutually exclusive.
This option may not behave as expected on slower devices.
- -outfile
file
- Direct translator output to file. By default translator output is
written to the standard output. This option has no effect for devices of
which ctrans has a function-callable interface. e.g. X11
.
- -pal
pal_fname
- Use the color palette defined in the file pal_fname for subsequent
translation of the metafile. This palette will override any color map
defined by the CGM being translated. For a description of the format of
pal_fname see ras_palette(5NCARG).
- -pause
- Pause after each frame in the metafile is displayed and wait for the user
to type a newline before proceding. This option is probably only useful
when used in conjunction with the -wid option as this is the normal
behaviour for ctrans in most instances. This option and the
-movie option are mutually exclusive.
- -quiet
- Suppress reporting of non-fatal (warning) error messages; only fatal error
messages are reported.
- -record
- < record_number... >
If processing only single frames of the metafile is desired, this option
specifies the record number containing the start of that frame.
ctrans assumes the processing is to start at the first BEGIN
PICTURE element in that record. The user must perform bookkeeping to
determine the record that contains the desired frame. Normally, a metafile
editor (e.g., ictrans(1NCARG). may be used as the actual user
interface to perform this bookkeeping. Without a specified record
number, ctrans processes the entire metafile.
- -soft
- Unconditionally perform software filling of all filled polygons. This
option may be useful for devices which do not support the filled polygon
drawing primitive or have limits on the number of vertices describing a
polygon. On some devices this number is known and software filling is
performed, as appropriate, without user specification.
- -verbose
- Operate in verbose mode.
- -Version
- Print the version number and then exit.
- -viewport
llx:lly:urx:ury
- Set the viewport of the output device. The viewport is the rectangular
region of the output device of which the virtual device coordinate system
of the metafile is mapped onto. Normally this region is the largest
device-addressable square which fits in the center of the device address
space. The -viewport option may be used to change the default
mapping. llx and lly specify the lower left corner of the
device in normalized coordinates. urx and ury specify the
upper right corner of the device in normalized coordinates. For example,
-viewport 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5, specifies the lower left corner of the
device.
- -window
llx:lly:urx:ury
- Specify the workstation window (in the GKS sense). Four coordinates are
specified which define a rectangular window which is a subset of the
normalized VDC rectangle with corner points (0,0) and (1.0,1.0).
llx and lly specify the lower left corner. urx and
.ury specify the upper right corner. The specified window is mapped
onto the entire display viewport. For example, if the workstation window
is defined by the corner points (0,0) and (0.5 0.5) then the lower left
quarter of a plot would be blown up to fill the entire viewport.
Specification of such a window can be used for zooming and panning.
- The range with which one may zoom in on a plot may be limited by the
integer addressing precision of the device.
The following options are available when the device is
graphcap-driven (See the gcaps(1NCARG) command for a list of
graphcap-driven devices):
- -simulatebg
- Simulate CGM background color requests by drawing a large filled rectangle
of the appropriate color. This option is useful for devices such as color
PostScript printers which have no concept of background color.
The following options are available when device is
CTXT:
- -Data
- Suppress display of CGM output primitive data. All other CGM
element data is displayed. This may substantially reduce the verbosity of
the clear text driver.
- -Para
- Suppress display of CGM element data except for output
primitives. The -Data combined with the -Para option
permit the display of only the CGM element names.
The following options are available when device is
X11:
- -background
color
- Specifies the default window background color for color devices. If the
metafile explicitly sets color index 0 then this option is
overridden.
- -foreground
color
- Specifies the default foreground color for color devices. If the metafile
explicitly sets color index 1 then this option is overridden.
- -geometry
geometry
- Specify the size and/or position of the graphics window in the format of
an X11 Window System geometry string.
- -ignorebg
- Ignore requests to change the background color. This option may be useful
when ctrans renders into a X window created by an application other
than ctrans. As a side effect of this option the rendering window
is not cleared between frames.
- -reverse
- On monochrome devices reverse video is simulated by swapping the
foreground and background colors.
- -wid
window_id
- Render into the previously created X window specified by window_id.
Normally ctrans creates its own window for plotting. The window
specified by window_id must be of type InputOutput. The
window must also have inherited its color map, depth and visual class from
the root window.
- Note also that when this option is used ctrans cannot receive X
events from the drawing window. Hence, ctrans cannot use
"mouse clicks" as a signal to advance frames. For this reason
the -pause option is useful to prevent ctrans from
processing the entire metafile without pausing between frames.
- window_id may be specified as a decimal or hexidecimal
integer.
The following options apply to the X11 color map management of
ctrans when device is X11:
- ctrans supports three different methods of X11 color map
management.
- If the user specifies a shared color map (using the -scmap option),
then ctrans will use the default X color map for the screen, that
is shared by all applications. If the metafile contains more colors than
there are available in the default X color map, then a color matching
algorithm is employed. The idea of the algorithm is that the color in the
current color table that is closest to the requested color will be
selected. Closest is defined in terms of the normal distance metric
on the RGB cube. If the closest color is equal to or farther away than the
percentage error allowed ( -colerr ), then a warning message will
be printed. The closest color is still used.
- If the user specifies a private color map (using the -pcmap
option), then ctrans will create a private color map for the
graphics window. This will guarantee that 256 distinct colors are
available to the window. This means that the X window will have a
different color map than all the other windows on the screen. Therefore,
you usually have to have the mouse pointer in the window for the correct
color table to be installed. One disadvantage to this option is that there
is usually a color flashing effect on the screen since the wrong color
table will be installed for the other windows on the screen.
- The default color map management scheme attempts to take the best of the
two previous models. It starts out behaving like the shared model, in that
it uses the default color map for the screen. It differs in that, once it
can't allocate any more colors from the default color map, in allocates
its own private color table and starts using it. This way, the color
flashing is only present if it absolutely needs to be so that
ctrans can display the correct color.
- -scmap
- Ask ctrans to use the shared default X color map only.
- This is the option used if -wid is specified.
- -colerr
n
- Specifies the percentage color error that is acceptable if the
-scmap option is being used. If the color being used is n
percentage or more different from the color requested, a warning will be
reported by ctrans.
- -pcmap
- Ask ctrans to create its own X color map and use it
exclusively.
- This option is ignored if the -wid option is present.
The following options are available when device is a60,
avs, hdf, hppcl, nrif, sun, or xwd:
- -dpi dpi
- Specify the number of dots per inch. This option is only meaningful for
the HP LaserJet, hppcl, which ignores the -resolution
option. dpi may be one of 75, 100, 150, or 300. The default is
150.
- -direct
- By default ctrans outputs raster imagery with 8-bit-indexed
encoding. When this option is used, if the raster file format supports it,
raster imagery is output in a 24-bit-direct encoding scheme. Be warned:
the resultant file is three times the size of its 8-bit-indexed
counterpart.
- -landscape
- Generate the image in landscape mode. This option is ignored by all raster
devices except the HP LaserJet, hppcl. By default the LaserJet uses
portrait mode.
- -resolution
widthxheight
- width and height specify the spatial resolution in pixels of
the raster file to be created. The default is 512x512.
To process a metafile named gmeta and display its contents
on the TEKTRONIX 4107 terminal, use the following call:
% ctrans -d t4107 gmeta
If this device is already defined by the GRAPHCAP environment
variable, simply call:
% ctrans gmeta
If you wish to display only the first frame starting in the third
record, call:
% ctrans -record 3 -d t4107 gmeta
To examine the metafile gmeta's contents without CGM
element data being displayed:
% ctrans -d CTXT -Data -Para gmeta
To render the metafile gmeta (under X Windows) in a window
that is 512x512 pixels in dimension in the lower right corner of your
screen
% ctrans -d X11 -geometry 512x512-0-0 gmeta
To rasterize the contents of the metafile gmeta at a
resolution of 1024x1024 pixels, call:
% ctrans -d xwd -res 1024x1024 > raster.xwd
The raster output is in X11 "xwd" format and is sent to
the file raster.xwd.
To zoom in on the upper right quarter of the metafile gmeta
and display it in an X window, call:
% ctrans -d X11 -window 0.5:0.5:1.0:1.0
- FONTCAP
- Default fontcap specifier.
- GRAPHCAP
- Default output device specifier.
- NCARG_ROOT
- Path to root of NCAR Graphics installation.
- NCARG_LIB
- If set this variable contains the path to the installed NCAR Graphics
libraries. NCARG_LIB overrides NCARG_ROOT.
- NCARG_TMP
- If set, this environment variable contains a directory path to be used for
temporary files. On most systems the default is /tmp. On some
systems the default is /usr/tmp.
- $NCARG_ROOT/lib/ncarg/graphcaps/*
- The binary NCAR Graphcap files
- $NCARG_ROOT/lib/ncarg/fontcaps/*
- The binary NCAR Fontcap files
Running in "movie" mode may give surprising results on
slower devices, such as dumb terminals. If too short a time interval is
specified slow devices may not have finished rendering before the movie
timer expires. This results in no pause between frames.
Metafiles which reference color table indices that were not
previously defined may have varying results from one device to the next.
Using the -wid option to have ctrans display its
output in a window created by another X application may produce unexpected
results, particularly with regard to color.
At ctrans' current level of implementation, the subset of
CGM elements supported is closely approximated by the list provided in
NCAR's Graphics Installer's Guide, Version 2.00 (August 1987).
However, the best way to determine whether a particular CGM element is
supported by the translator is feed a metafile containing the element in
question to ctrans. Consult the aforementioned publication for a
discussion of Graphcaps and Fontcaps as well.
Copyright (C) 1987-2009
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
The use of this Software is governed by a License Agreement.