openssl - OpenSSL command line tool
openssl command [ command_opts ] [
command_args ]
openssl list [ standard-commands |
digest-commands | cipher-commands | cipher-algorithms |
digest-algorithms | public-key-algorithms]
openssl no-XXX [ arbitrary options
]
OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets
Layer (SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) network protocols
and related cryptography standards required by them.
The openssl program is a command line tool for using the
various cryptography functions of OpenSSL's crypto library from the
shell. It can be used for
o Creation and management of private keys, public keys and parameters
o Public key cryptographic operations
o Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
o Calculation of Message Digests
o Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
o SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
o Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
o Time Stamp requests, generation and verification
The openssl program provides a rich variety of commands
(command in the SYNOPSIS above), each of which often has a wealth of
options and arguments (command_opts and command_args in the
SYNOPSIS).
Detailed documentation and use cases for most standard subcommands
are available (e.g., x509(1) or openssl-x509(1)).
Many commands use an external configuration file for some or all
of their arguments and have a -config option to specify that file.
The environment variable OPENSSL_CONF can be used to specify the
location of the file. If the environment variable is not specified, then the
file is named openssl.cnf in the default certificate storage area,
whose value depends on the configuration flags specified when the OpenSSL
was built.
The list parameters standard-commands,
digest-commands, and cipher-commands output a list (one entry
per line) of the names of all standard commands, message digest commands, or
cipher commands, respectively, that are available in the present
openssl utility.
The list parameters cipher-algorithms and
digest-algorithms list all cipher and message digest names, one entry
per line. Aliases are listed as:
from => to
The list parameter public-key-algorithms lists all
supported public key algorithms.
The command no-XXX tests whether a command of the
specified name is available. If no command named XXX exists, it
returns 0 (success) and prints no-XXX; otherwise it returns 1
and prints XXX. In both cases, the output goes to stdout and
nothing is printed to stderr. Additional command line arguments are
always ignored. Since for each cipher there is a command of the same name,
this provides an easy way for shell scripts to test for the availability of
ciphers in the openssl program. (no-XXX is not able to
detect pseudo-commands such as quit, list, or
no-XXX itself.)
- asn1parse
- Parse an ASN.1 sequence.
- ca
- Certificate Authority (CA) Management.
- ciphers
- Cipher Suite Description Determination.
- cms
- CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) utility.
- crl
- Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management.
- crl2pkcs7
- CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion.
- dgst
- Message Digest Calculation.
- dh
- Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management. Obsoleted by dhparam(1).
- dhparam
- Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded by
genpkey(1) and pkeyparam(1).
- dsa
- DSA Data Management.
- dsaparam
- DSA Parameter Generation and Management. Superseded by genpkey(1)
and pkeyparam(1).
- ec
- EC (Elliptic curve) key processing.
- ecparam
- EC parameter manipulation and generation.
- enc
- Encoding with Ciphers.
- engine
- Engine (loadable module) information and manipulation.
- errstr
- Error Number to Error String Conversion.
- gendh
- Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Obsoleted by
dhparam(1).
- gendsa
- Generation of DSA Private Key from Parameters. Superseded by
genpkey(1) and pkey(1).
- genpkey
- Generation of Private Key or Parameters.
- genrsa
- Generation of RSA Private Key. Superseded by genpkey(1).
- nseq
- Create or examine a Netscape certificate sequence.
- ocsp
- Online Certificate Status Protocol utility.
- passwd
- Generation of hashed passwords.
- pkcs12
- PKCS#12 Data Management.
- pkcs7
- PKCS#7 Data Management.
- pkcs8
- PKCS#8 format private key conversion tool.
- pkey
- Public and private key management.
- pkeyparam
- Public key algorithm parameter management.
- pkeyutl
- Public key algorithm cryptographic operation utility.
- prime
- Compute prime numbers.
- rand
- Generate pseudo-random bytes.
- rehash
- Create symbolic links to certificate and CRL files named by the hash
values.
- req
- PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.
- rsa
- RSA key management.
- rsautl
- RSA utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption.
Superseded by pkeyutl(1).
- s_client
- This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a transparent
connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing
purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but
internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL ssl
library.
- s_server
- This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections from
remote clients speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only
and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses
mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL ssl library. It provides
both an own command line oriented protocol for testing SSL functions and a
simple HTTP response facility to emulate an SSL/TLS-aware webserver.
- s_time
- SSL Connection Timer.
- sess_id
- SSL Session Data Management.
- smime
- S/MIME mail processing.
- speed
- Algorithm Speed Measurement.
- spkac
- SPKAC printing and generating utility.
- srp
- Maintain SRP password file.
- storeutl
- Utility to list and display certificates, keys, CRLs, etc.
- ts
- Time Stamping Authority tool (client/server).
- verify
- X.509 Certificate Verification.
- version
- OpenSSL Version Information.
- x509
- X.509 Certificate Data Management.
The following aliases provide convenient access to the most used
encodings and ciphers.
Depending on how OpenSSL was configured and built, not all ciphers
listed here may be present. See enc(1) for more information and
command usage.
- aes128,
aes-128-cbc, aes-128-cfb, aes-128-ctr,
aes-128-ecb, aes-128-ofb
- AES-128 Cipher
- aes192,
aes-192-cbc, aes-192-cfb, aes-192-ctr,
aes-192-ecb, aes-192-ofb
- AES-192 Cipher
- aes256,
aes-256-cbc, aes-256-cfb, aes-256-ctr,
aes-256-ecb, aes-256-ofb
- AES-256 Cipher
- aria128,
aria-128-cbc, aria-128-cfb, aria-128-ctr,
aria-128-ecb, aria-128-ofb
- Aria-128 Cipher
- aria192,
aria-192-cbc, aria-192-cfb, aria-192-ctr,
aria-192-ecb, aria-192-ofb
- Aria-192 Cipher
- aria256,
aria-256-cbc, aria-256-cfb, aria-256-ctr,
aria-256-ecb, aria-256-ofb
- Aria-256 Cipher
- base64
- Base64 Encoding
- bf, bf-cbc,
bf-cfb, bf-ecb, bf-ofb
- Blowfish Cipher
- camellia128,
camellia-128-cbc, camellia-128-cfb, camellia-128-ctr,
camellia-128-ecb, camellia-128-ofb
- Camellia-128 Cipher
- camellia192,
camellia-192-cbc, camellia-192-cfb, camellia-192-ctr,
camellia-192-ecb, camellia-192-ofb
- Camellia-192 Cipher
- camellia256,
camellia-256-cbc, camellia-256-cfb, camellia-256-ctr,
camellia-256-ecb, camellia-256-ofb
- Camellia-256 Cipher
- cast,
cast-cbc
- CAST Cipher
- cast5-cbc,
cast5-cfb, cast5-ecb, cast5-ofb
- CAST5 Cipher
- chacha20
- Chacha20 Cipher
- des, des-cbc,
des-cfb, des-ecb, des-ede, des-ede-cbc,
des-ede-cfb, des-ede-ofb, des-ofb
- DES Cipher
- des3, desx,
des-ede3, des-ede3-cbc, des-ede3-cfb,
des-ede3-ofb
- Triple-DES Cipher
- idea, idea-cbc,
idea-cfb, idea-ecb, idea-ofb
- IDEA Cipher
- rc2, rc2-cbc,
rc2-cfb, rc2-ecb, rc2-ofb
- RC2 Cipher
- rc4
- RC4 Cipher
- rc5, rc5-cbc,
rc5-cfb, rc5-ecb, rc5-ofb
- RC5 Cipher
- seed, seed-cbc,
seed-cfb, seed-ecb, seed-ofb
- SEED Cipher
- sm4, sm4-cbc,
sm4-cfb, sm4-ctr, sm4-ecb, sm4-ofb
- SM4 Cipher
Details of which options are available depend on the specific
command. This section describes some common options with common
behavior.
- -help
- Provides a terse summary of all options.
Several commands accept password arguments, typically using
-passin and -passout for input and output passwords
respectively. These allow the password to be obtained from a variety of
sources. Both of these options take a single argument whose format is
described below. If no password argument is given and a password is required
then the user is prompted to enter one: this will typically be read from the
current terminal with echoing turned off.
Note that character encoding may be relevant, please see
passphrase-encoding(7).
- pass:password
- The actual password is password. Since the password is visible to
utilities (like 'ps' under Unix) this form should only be used where
security is not important.
- env:var
- Obtain the password from the environment variable var. Since the
environment of other processes is visible on certain platforms (e.g. ps
under certain Unix OSes) this option should be used with caution.
- file:pathname
- The first line of pathname is the password. If the same
pathname argument is supplied to -passin and -passout
arguments then the first line will be used for the input password and the
next line for the output password. pathname need not refer to a
regular file: it could for example refer to a device or named pipe.
- fd:number
- Read the password from the file descriptor number. This can be used
to send the data via a pipe for example.
- stdin
- Read the password from standard input.
asn1parse(1), ca(1), ciphers(1),
cms(1), config(5), crl(1), crl2pkcs7(1),
dgst(1), dhparam(1), dsa(1), dsaparam(1),
ec(1), ecparam(1), enc(1), engine(1),
errstr(1), gendsa(1), genpkey(1), genrsa(1),
nseq(1), ocsp(1), passwd(1), pkcs12(1),
pkcs7(1), pkcs8(1), pkey(1), pkeyparam(1),
pkeyutl(1), prime(1), rand(1), rehash(1),
req(1), rsa(1), rsautl(1), s_client(1),
s_server(1), s_time(1), sess_id(1), smime(1),
speed(1), spkac(1), srp(1), storeutl(1),
ts(1), verify(1), version(1), x509(1),
crypto(7), ssl(7), x509v3_config(5)
The list-XXX-algorithms pseudo-commands were
added in OpenSSL 1.0.0; For notes on the availability of other commands, see
their individual manual pages.
Copyright 2000-2018 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights
Reserved.
Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License"). You
may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain
a copy in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.