pcp-atop - Advanced System and Process Monitor
Interactive Usage:
pcp [pcp options] atop
[-g|-m|-d|-n|-u|-p|-s|-c|-v|-o|-y] [-C|-M|-D|-N|-A] [-afFG1xR] [-L linelen]
[-Plabel[,label]...] [interval [samples]]
Writing and reading raw logfiles:
pcp atop -w rawfile [-a] [-S]
[interval [samples]]
pcp atop -r [ rawfile ] [-b hh:mm ] [-e
hh:mm ] [-g|-m|-d|-n|-u|-p|-s|-c|-v|-o|-y] [-C|-M|-D|-N|-A] [-fFG1xR]
[-L linelen] [-Plabel[,label]...]
The program pcp-atop is an interactive monitor to view
various aspects of load on a system. It shows the occupation of the most
critical hardware resources (from a performance point of view) on system
level, i.e. cpu, memory, disk and network.
It also shows which processes are responsible for the indicated load with
respect to cpu and memory load on process level. Disk load is shown per
process if "storage accounting" is active in the kernel.
Every interval (default: 10 seconds) information is shown
about the resource occupation on system level (cpu, memory, disks and
network layers), followed by a list of processes which have been active
during the last interval (note that all processes that were unchanged during
the last interval are not shown, unless the key 'a' has been pressed or
unless sorting on memory occupation is done). If the list of active
processes does not entirely fit on the screen, only the top of the list is
shown (sorted in order of activity).
The intervals are repeated till the number of samples (specified as
command argument) is reached, or till the key 'q' is pressed in interactive
mode.
When invoked via the pcp(1) command, the PCPIntro(1)
options -h/--host, -a/--archive,
-O/--origin, -s/--samples,
-t/--interval, -Z/--timezone and several other
pcp options become indirectly available. The long option form of
these is directly available. Additionally, the --hotproc option can
be used to request the per-process PCP metrics be used instead of the
default proc metrics from pmdaproc(1).
When pcp-atop is started, it checks whether the standard
output channel is connected to a screen, or to a file/pipe. In the first
case it produces screen control codes (via the ncurses library) and behaves
interactively; in the second case it produces flat ASCII-output.
In interactive mode, the output of pcp-atop scales
dynamically to the current dimensions of the screen/window.
If the window is resized horizontally, columns will be added or removed
automatically. For this purpose, every column has a particular weight. The
columns with the highest weights that fit within the current width will be
shown.
If the window is resized vertically, lines of the process/thread list will be
added or removed automatically.
Furthermore in interactive mode the output of pcp-atop can
be controlled by pressing particular keys. However it is also possible to
specify such key as flag on the command line. In that case
pcp-atop switches to the indicated mode on beforehand; this mode can
be modified again interactively. Specifying such key as flag is especially
useful when running pcp-atop with output to a pipe or file
(non-interactively). These flags are the same as the keys that can be
pressed in interactive mode (see section INTERACTIVE COMMANDS).
Additional flags are available to support storage of pcp-atop data in
PCP archive format (see section PCP DATA STORAGE).
For the resource consumption on system level, pcp-atop uses
colors to indicate that a critical occupation percentage has been (almost)
reached. A critical occupation percentage means that is likely that this
load causes a noticeable negative performance influence for applications
using this resource. The critical percentage depends on the type of
resource: e.g. the performance influence of a disk with a busy percentage of
80% might be more noticeable for applications/user than a CPU with a busy
percentage of 90%.
Currently pcp-atop uses the following default values to calculate a
weighted percentage per resource:
- Processor
- A busy percentage of 90% or higher is considered `critical'.
- Disk
- A busy percentage of 70% or higher is considered `critical'.
- Network
- A busy percentage of 90% or higher for the load of an interface is
considered `critical'.
- Memory
- An occupation percentage of 90% is considered `critical'. Notice that this
occupation percentage is the accumulated memory consumption of the kernel
(including slab) and all processes; the memory for the page cache (`cache'
and `buff' in the MEM-line) and the reclaimable part of the slab (`slrec`)
is not implied!
If the number of pages swapped out (`swout' in the PAG-line) is larger than
10 per second, the memory resource is considered `critical'. A value of at
least 1 per second is considered `almost critical'.
If the committed virtual memory exceeds the limit (`vmcom' and `vmlim' in
the SWP-line), the SWP-line is colored due to overcommitting the
system.
- Swap
- An occupation percentage of 80% is considered `critical' because swap
space might be completely exhausted in the near future; it is not critical
from a performance point-of-view.
These default values can be modified in the configuration file
(see separate man-page of pcp-atoprc).
When a resource exceeds its critical occupation percentage, the
concerning values in the screen line are colored red by default.
When a resource exceeded (default) 80% of its critical percentage (so it is
almost critical), the concerning values in the screen line are colored cyan
by default. This `almost critical percentage' (one value for all resources)
can be modified in the configuration file (see separate man-page of
pcp-atoprc).
The default colors red and cyan can be modified in the configuration file as
well (see separate man-page of pcp-atoprc).
With the key 'x' (or flag -x), the use of colors can be
suppressed.
GPU statistics can be gathered by pmdanvidia(1) which is a
separate data collection daemon process. It gathers cumulative utilization
counters of every Nvidia GPU in the system, as well as utilization counters
of every process that uses a GPU. When atop notices that the daemon
is active, it reads these GPU utilization counters with every interval.
Find a description about the utilization counters in the section
OUTPUT DESCRIPTION.
When running pcp-atop interactively (no output
redirection), keys can be pressed to control the output. In general, lower
case keys can be used to show other information for the active processes and
upper case keys can be used to influence the sort order of the active
process/thread list.
- g
- Show generic output (default).
Per process the following fields are shown in case of a
window-width of 80 positions: process-id, cpu consumption during the
last interval in system and user mode, the virtual and resident memory
growth of the process.
The subsequent columns depend on the used kernel:
When the kernel supports "storage accounting" (>= 2.6.20),
the data transfer for read/write on disk, the status and exit code are
shown for each process. When the kernel does not support "storage
accounting", the username, number of threads in the thread group,
the status and exit code are shown.
The last columns contain the state, the occupation percentage for the
chosen resource (default: cpu) and the process name.
When more than 80 positions are available, other information
is added.
- m
- Show memory related output.
Per process the following fields are shown in case of a
window-width of 80 positions: process-id, minor and major memory faults,
size of virtual shared text, total virtual process size, total resident
process size, virtual and resident growth during last interval, memory
occupation percentage and process name.
When more than 80 positions are available, other information
is added.
For memory consumption, always all processes are shown (also
the processes that were not active during the interval).
- d
- Show disk-related output.
When "storage accounting" is active in the kernel,
the following fields are shown: process-id, amount of data read from
disk, amount of data written to disk, amount of data that was written
but has been withdrawn again (WCANCL), disk occupation percentage and
process name.
- s
- Show scheduling characteristics.
Per process the following fields are shown in case of a
window-width of 80 positions: process-id, number of threads in state
'running' (R), number of threads in state 'interruptible sleeping' (S),
number of threads in state 'uninterruptible sleeping' (D), scheduling
policy (normal timesharing, realtime round-robin, realtime fifo), nice
value, priority, realtime priority, current processor, status, exit
code, state, the occupation percentage for the chosen resource and the
process name.
When more than 80 positions are available, other information
is added.
- v
- Show various process characteristics.
Per process the following fields are shown in case of a
window-width of 80 positions: process-id, user name and group, start
date and time, status (e.g. exit code if the process has finished),
state, the occupation percentage for the chosen resource and the process
name.
When more than 80 positions are available, other information
is added.
- c
- Show the command line of the process.
Per process the following fields are shown: process-id, the
occupation percentage for the chosen resource and the command line
including arguments.
- e
- Show GPU utilization.
Per process at least the following fields are shown:
process-id, range of GPU numbers on which the process currently runs,
GPU busy percentage on all GPUs, memory busy percentage (i.e. read and
write accesses on memory) on all GPUs, memory occupation at the moment
of the sample, average memory occupation during the sample, and GPU
percentage.
When the pmdanvidia daemon does not run with root
privileges, the GPU busy percentage and the memory busy percentage are
not available on process level. In that case, the GPU percentage on
process level reflects the GPU memory occupation instead of the GPU busy
percentage (which is preferred).
- o
- Show the user-defined line of the process.
In the configuration file the keyword ownprocline can
be specified with the description of a user-defined output-line.
Refer to the man-page of pcp-atoprc for a detailed description.
- y
- Show the individual threads within a process (toggle).
Single-threaded processes are still shown as one line.
For multi-threaded processes, one line represents the process while
additional lines show the activity per individual thread (in a different
color). Depending on the option 'a' (all or active toggle), all threads
are shown or only the threads that were active during the last interval.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header line.
- u
- Show the process activity accumulated per user.
Per user the following fields are shown: number of processes
active or terminated during last interval (or in total if combined with
command `a'), accumulated cpu consumption during last interval in system
and user mode, the current virtual and resident memory space consumed by
active processes (or all processes of the user if combined with command
`a').
When "storage accounting" is active in the kernel, the
accumulated read and write throughput on disk is shown. When the kernel
module `netatop' has been installed, the number of received and sent
network packets are shown.
The last columns contain the accumulated occupation percentage for the
chosen resource (default: cpu) and the user name.
- p
- Show the process activity accumulated per program (i.e. process name).
Per program the following fields are shown: number of
processes active or terminated during last interval (or in total if
combined with command `a'), accumulated cpu consumption during last
interval in system and user mode, the current virtual and resident
memory space consumed by active processes (or all processes of the user
if combined with command `a').
When "storage accounting" is active in the kernel, the
accumulated read and write throughput on disk is shown. When the kernel
module `netatop' has been installed, the number of received and sent
network packets are shown.
The last columns contain the accumulated occupation percentage for the
chosen resource (default: cpu) and the program name.
- j
- Show the process activity accumulated per Docker container.
Per container the following fields are shown: number of
processes active or terminated during last interval (or in total if
combined with command `a'), accumulated cpu consumption during last
interval in system and user mode, the current virtual and resident
memory space consumed by active processes (or all processes of the user
if combined with command `a').
When "storage accounting" is active in the kernel, the
accumulated read and write throughput on disk is shown. When the kernel
module `netatop' has been installed, the number of received and sent
network packets are shown.
The last columns contain the accumulated occupation percentage for the
chosen resource (default: cpu) and the Docker container id (CID).
- C
- Sort the current list in the order of cpu consumption (default). The
one-but-last column changes to ``CPU''.
- E
- Sort the current list in the order of GPU utilization (preferred, but only
applicable when the pmdanvidia daemon runs under root privileges)
or the order of GPU memory occupation). The one-but-last column changes to
``GPU''.
- M
- Sort the current list in the order of resident memory consumption. The
one-but-last column changes to ``MEM''. In case of sorting on memory, the
full process list will be shown (not only the active processes).
- D
- Sort the current list in the order of disk accesses issued. The
one-but-last column changes to ``DSK''.
- N
- Sort the current list in the order of network bandwidth (received and
transmitted). The one-but-last column changes to ``NET''.
- A
- Sort the current list automatically in the order of the most busy system
resource during this interval. The one-but-last column shows either
``ACPU'', ``AMEM'', ``ADSK'' or ``ANET'' (the preceding 'A' indicates
automatic sorting-order). The most busy resource is determined by
comparing the weighted busy-percentages of the system resources, as
described earlier in the section COLORS.
This option remains valid until another sorting-order is explicitly selected
again.
A sorting-order for disk is only possible when "storage
accounting" is active. A sorting-order for network is only possible
when the kernel module `netatop' is loaded.
Miscellaneous interactive commands:
- ?
- Request for help information (also the key 'h' can be pressed).
- V
- Request for version information (version number and date).
- R
- Gather and calculate the proportional set size of processes (toggle).
Gathering of all values that are needed to calculate the PSIZE of a
process is a relatively time-consuming task, so this key should only be
active when analyzing the resident memory consumption of processes.
- x
- Suppress colors to highlight critical resources (toggle).
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header line.
- z
- The pause key can be used to freeze the current situation in order to
investigate the output on the screen. While pcp-atop is paused, the
keys described above can be pressed to show other information about the
current list of processes. Whenever the pause key is pressed again,
pcp-atop will continue with a next sample.
- i
- Modify the interval timer (default: 10 seconds). If an interval timer of 0
is entered, the interval timer is switched off. In that case a new sample
can only be triggered manually by pressing the key 't'.
- t
- Trigger a new sample manually. This key can be pressed if the current
sample should be finished before the timer has exceeded, or if no timer is
set at all (interval timer defined as 0). In the latter case
pcp-atop can be used as a stopwatch to measure the load being
caused by a particular application transaction, without knowing on
beforehand how many seconds this transaction will last.
When viewing the contents of a raw file, this key can be used
to show the next sample from the file.
- T
- When viewing the contents of a raw file, this key can be used to show the
previous sample from the file.
- b
- When viewing the contents of a raw file, this key can be used to branch to
a certain timestamp within the file (either forward or backward).
- r
- Reset all counters to zero to see the system and process activity since
boot again.
When viewing the contents of a raw file, this key can be used
to rewind to the beginning of the file again.
- U
- Specify a search string for specific user names as a regular expression.
From now on, only (active) processes will be shown from a user which
matches the regular expression. The system statistics are still system
wide. If the Enter-key is pressed without specifying a name, (active)
processes of all users will be shown again.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header line.
- I
- Specify a list with one or more PIDs to be selected. From now on, only
processes will be shown with a PID which matches one of the given list.
The system statistics are still system wide. If the Enter-key is pressed
without specifying a PID, all (active) processes will be shown again.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header line.
- P
- Specify a search string for specific process names as a regular
expression. From now on, only processes will be shown with a name which
matches the regular expression. The system statistics are still system
wide. If the Enter-key is pressed without specifying a name, all (active)
processes will be shown again.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header line.
- /
- Specify a specific command line search string as a regular expression.
From now on, only processes will be shown with a command line which
matches the regular expression. The system statistics are still system
wide. If the Enter-key is pressed without specifying a string, all
(active) processes will be shown again.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header line.
- J
- Specify a Docker container id of 12 (hexadecimal) characters. From now on,
only processes will be shown that run in that specific Docker container
(CID). The system statistics are still system wide. If the Enter-key is
pressed without specifying a container id, all (active) processes will be
shown again.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header line.
- S
- Specify search strings for specific logical volume names, specific disk
names and specific network interface names. All search strings are
interpreted as a regular expressions. From now on, only those system
resources are shown that match the concerning regular expression. If the
Enter-key is pressed without specifying a search string, all (active)
system resources of that type will be shown again.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header line.
- a
- The `all/active' key can be used to toggle between only
showing/accumulating the processes that were active during the last
interval (default) or showing/accumulating all processes.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header line.
- G
- By default, pcp-atop shows/accumulates the processes that are alive
and the processes that are exited during the last interval. With this key
(toggle), showing/accumulating the processes that are exited can be
suppressed.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header line.
- f
- Show a fixed (maximum) number of header lines for system resources
(toggle). By default only the lines are shown about system resources
(CPUs, paging, logical volumes, disks, network interfaces) that really
have been active during the last interval. With this key you can force
pcp-atop to show lines of inactive resources as well.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header line.
- F
- Suppress sorting of system resources (toggle). By default system resources
(CPUs, logical volumes, disks, network interfaces) are sorted on
utilization.
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header line.
- 1
- Show relevant counters as an average per second (in the format `..../s')
instead of as a total during the interval (toggle).
Whether this key is active or not can be seen in the header line.
- l
- Limit the number of system level lines for the counters per-cpu, the
active disks and the network interfaces. By default lines are shown of all
CPUs, disks and network interfaces which have been active during the last
interval. Limiting these lines can be useful on systems with huge number
CPUs, disks or interfaces in order to be able to run pcp-atop on a
screen/window with e.g. only 24 lines.
For all mentioned resources the maximum number of lines can be specified
interactively. When using the flag -l the maximum number of per-cpu
lines is set to 0, the maximum number of disk lines to 5 and the maximum
number of interface lines to 3. These values can be modified again in
interactive mode.
- k
- Send a signal to an active process (a.k.a. kill a process).
- q
- Quit the program.
- PgDn
- Show the next page of the process/thread list.
With the arrow-down key the list can be scrolled downwards with single
lines.
- ^F
- Show the next page of the process/thread list (forward).
With the arrow-down key the list can be scrolled downwards with single
lines.
- PgUp
- Show the previous page of the process/thread list.
With the arrow-up key the list can be scrolled upwards with single
lines.
- ^B
- Show the previous page of the process/thread list (backward).
With the arrow-up key the list can be scrolled upwards with single
lines.
- ^L
- Redraw the screen.
In order to store system and process level statistics for
long-term analysis (e.g. to check the system load and the active processes
running yesterday between 3:00 and 4:00 PM), pcp-atop can store the
system and process level statistics in the PCP archive format, as an archive
folio (see mkaf(1)).
All information about processes and threads is stored in the archive.
The interval (default: 10 seconds) and number of samples (default: infinite)
can be passed as last arguments. Instead of the number of samples, the flag
-S can be used to indicate that pcp-atop should finish anyhow
before midnight.
A PCP archive can be read and visualized again with the flag -r
. The argument is a comma-separated list of names, each of which may be
the base name of an archive or the name of a directory containing one or
more archives. If no argument is specified, the file
$PCP_LOG_DIR/pmlogger/HOST/YYYYMMDD is opened for input (where
YYYYMMDD are digits representing the current date, and HOST is the
hostname of the machine being logged). If a filename is specified in the
format YYYYMMDD (representing any valid date), the file
$PCP_LOG_DIR/pmlogger/HOST/YYYYMMDD is opened. If a filename with the
symbolic name y is specified, yesterday's daily logfile is opened
(this can be repeated so 'yyyy' indicates the logfile of four days ago).
The samples from the file can be viewed interactively by using the key 't' to
show the next sample, the key 'T' to show the previous sample, the key 'b'
to branch to a particular time or the key 'r' to rewind to the begin of the
file.
When output is redirected to a file or pipe, pcp-atop prints all
samples in plain ASCII. The default line length is 80 characters in that
case; with the flag -L followed by an alternate line length, more (or
less) columns will be shown.
With the flag -b (begin time) and/or -e (end time) followed by a
time argument of the form HH:MM, a certain time period within the raw file
can be selected.
The first sample shows the system level activity since boot (the
elapsed time in the header shows the time since boot). Note that particular
counters could have reached their maximum value (several times) and started
by zero again, so do not rely on these figures.
For every sample pcp-atop first shows the lines related to
system level activity. If a particular system resource has not been used
during the interval, the entire line related to this resource is suppressed.
So the number of system level lines may vary for each sample.
After that a list is shown of processes which have been active during the last
interval. This list is by default sorted on cpu consumption, but this order
can be changed by the keys which are previously described.
If values have to be shown by pcp-atop which do not fit in
the column width, another format is used. If e.g. a cpu-consumption of
233216 milliseconds should be shown in a column width of 4 positions, it is
shown as `233s' (in seconds). For large memory figures, another unit is
chosen if the value does not fit (Mb instead of Kb, Gb instead of Mb, Tb
instead of Gb, ...). For other values, a kind of exponent notation is used
(value 123456789 shown in a column of 5 positions gives 123e6).
OUTPUT DESCRIPTION - SYSTEM LEVEL
The system level information consists of the following output
lines:
- PRC
- Process and thread level totals.
This line contains the total cpu time consumed in system mode (`sys') and in
user mode (`user'), the total number of processes present at this moment
(`#proc'), the total number of threads present at this moment in state
`running' (`#trun'), `sleeping interruptible' (`#tslpi') and `sleeping
uninterruptible' (`#tslpu'), the number of zombie processes (`#zombie'),
the number of clone system calls (`clones'), and the number of processes
that ended during the interval (`#exit') when process accounting is used.
Instead of `#exit` the last column may indicate that process accounting
could not be activated (`no procacct`).
If the screen-width does not allow all of these counters, only a relevant
subset is shown.
- CPU
- CPU utilization.
At least one line is shown for the total occupation of all CPUs together.
In case of a multi-processor system, an additional line is shown for every
individual processor (with `cpu' in lower case), sorted on activity.
Inactive CPUs will not be shown by default. The lines showing the per-cpu
occupation contain the cpu number in the field combined with the wait
percentage.
Every line contains the percentage of cpu time spent in kernel
mode by all active processes (`sys'), the percentage of cpu time
consumed in user mode (`user') for all active processes (including
processes running with a nice value larger than zero), the percentage of
cpu time spent for interrupt handling (`irq') including softirq, the
percentage of unused cpu time while no processes were waiting for disk
I/O (`idle'), and the percentage of unused cpu time while at least one
process was waiting for disk I/O (`wait').
In case of per-cpu occupation, the cpu number and the wait percentage
(`w') for that cpu. The number of lines showing the per-cpu occupation
can be limited.
For virtual machines, the steal-percentage (`steal') shows the
percentage of cpu time stolen by other virtual machines running on the
same hardware.
For physical machines hosting one or more virtual machines, the
guest-percentage (`guest') shows the percentage of cpu time used by the
virtual machines. Notice that this percentage overlaps the
user-percentage!
When PMC performance monitoring counters are supported by the
CPU and the kernel (and pcp-atop runs with root privileges), the
number of instructions per CPU cycle (`ipc') is shown. The first sample
always shows the value 'initial', because the counters are just
activated at the moment that pcp-atop is started.
When the CPU busy percentage is high and the IPC is less than 1.0,
it is likely that the CPU is frequently waiting for memory access during
instruction execution (larger CPU caches or faster memory might be
helpful to improve performance). When the CPU busy percentage is
high and the IPC is greater than 1.0, it is likely that the CPU is
instruction-bound (more/faster cores might be helpful to improve
performance).
Furthermore, per CPU the effective number of cycles (`cycl') is shown.
This value can reach the current CPU frequency if such CPU is 100% busy.
When an idle CPU is halted, the number of effective cycles can be
(considerably) lower than the current frequency.
Notice that the average instructions per cycle and number of cycles
is shown in the CPU line for all CPUs.
See also:
http://www.brendangregg.com/blog/2017-05-09/cpu-utilization-is-wrong.html
In case of frequency scaling, all previously mentioned CPU
percentages are relative to the used scaling of the CPU during the
interval. If a CPU has been active for e.g. 50% in user mode during the
interval while the frequency scaling of that CPU was 40%, only 20% of
the full capacity of the CPU has been used in user mode.
If the screen-width does not allow all of these counters, only
a relevant subset is shown.
- CPL
- CPU load information.
This line contains the load average figures reflecting the number of threads
that are available to run on a CPU (i.e. part of the runqueue) or that are
waiting for disk I/O. These figures are averaged over 1 (`avg1'), 5
(`avg5') and 15 (`avg15') minutes.
Furthermore the number of context switches (`csw'), the number of serviced
interrupts (`intr') and the number of available CPUs are shown.
If the screen-width does not allow all of these counters, only
a relevant subset is shown.
- GPU
- GPU utilization (Nvidia).
Read the section GPU STATISTICS GATHERING in this document to find the
details about the activation of the pmdanvidia daemon.
In the first column of every line, the bus-id (last nine
characters) and the GPU number are shown. The subsequent columns show
the percentage of time that one or more kernels were executing on the
GPU (`gpubusy'), the percentage of time that global (device) memory was
being read or written (`membusy'), the occupation percentage of memory
(`memocc'), the total memory (`total'), the memory being in use at the
moment of the sample (`used'), the average memory being in use during
the sample time (`usavg'), the number of processes being active on the
GPU at the moment of the sample (`#proc'), and the type of GPU.
If the screen-width does not allow all of these counters, only
a relevant subset is shown.
The number of lines showing the GPUs can be limited.
- MEM
- Memory occupation.
This line contains the total amount of physical memory (`tot'), the amount
of memory which is currently free (`free'), the amount of memory in use as
page cache including the total resident shared memory (`cache'), the
amount of memory within the page cache that has to be flushed to disk
(`dirty'), the amount of memory used for filesystem meta data (`buff'),
the amount of memory being used for kernel mallocs (`slab'), the amount of
slab memory that is reclaimable (`slrec'), the resident size of shared
memory including tmpfs (`shmem`), the resident size of shared memory
(`shrss`) the amount of shared memory that is currently swapped (`shswp`),
the amount of memory that is currently claimed by vmware's balloon driver
(`vmbal`), the amount of memory that is claimed for huge pages (`hptot`),
and the amount of huge page memory that is really in use (`hpuse`).
If the screen-width does not allow all of these counters, only
a relevant subset is shown.
- SWP
- Swap occupation and overcommit info.
This line contains the total amount of swap space on disk (`tot') and the
amount of free swap space (`free').
Furthermore the committed virtual memory space (`vmcom') and the maximum
limit of the committed space (`vmlim', which is by default swap size plus
50% of memory size) is shown. The committed space is the reserved virtual
space for all allocations of private memory space for processes. The
kernel only verifies whether the committed space exceeds the limit if
strict overcommit handling is configured (vm.overcommit_memory is 2).
- PAG
- Paging frequency.
This line contains the number of scanned pages (`scan') due to the fact that
free memory drops below a particular threshold and the number times that
the kernel tries to reclaim pages due to an urgent need (`stall').
Also the number of memory pages the system read from swap space (`swin') and
the number of memory pages the system wrote to swap space (`swout') are
shown.
- PSI
- Pressure Stall Information.
This line contains three percentages per category: average pressure
percentage over the last 10, 60 and 300 seconds (separated by slashes).
The categories are: CPU for 'some' (`cs'), memory for 'some' (`ms'), memory
for 'full' (`mf'), I/O for 'some' (`is'), and I/O for 'full' (`if').
- LVM/MDD/DSK
- Logical volume/multiple device/disk utilization.
Per active unit one line is produced, sorted on unit activity. Such line
shows the name (e.g. VolGroup00-lvtmp for a logical volume or sda for a
hard disk), the busy percentage i.e. the portion of time that the unit was
busy handling requests (`busy'), the number of read requests issued
(`read'), the number of write requests issued (`write'), the number of
KiBytes per read (`KiB/r'), the number of KiBytes per write (`KiB/w'), the
number of MiBytes per second throughput for reads (`MBr/s'), the number of
MiBytes per second throughput for writes (`MBw/s'), the average queue
depth (`avq') and the average number of milliseconds needed by a request
(`avio') for seek, latency and data transfer.
If the screen-width does not allow all of these counters, only a relevant
subset is shown.
The number of lines showing the units can be limited per class
(LVM, MDD or DSK) with the 'l' key or statically (see separate man-page
of pcp-atoprc(5)). By specifying the value 0 for a particular
class, no lines will be shown any more for that class.
- NFM
- Network Filesystem (NFS) mount at the client side.
For each NFS-mounted filesystem, a line is shown that contains the mounted
server directory, the name of the server (`srv'), the total number of
bytes physically read from the server (`read') and the total number of
bytes physically written to the server (`write'). Data transfer is
subdivided in the number of bytes read via normal read() system calls
(`nread'), the number of bytes written via normal read() system calls
(`nwrit'), the number of bytes read via direct I/O (`dread'), the number
of bytes written via direct I/O (`dwrit'), the number of bytes read via
memory mapped I/O pages (`mread'), and the number of bytes written via
memory mapped I/O pages (`mwrit').
- NFC
- Network Filesystem (NFS) client side counters.
This line contains the number of RPC calls issues by local processes
(`rpc'), the number of read RPC calls (`read`) and write RPC calls
(`rpwrite') issued to the NFS server, the number of RPC calls being
retransmitted (`retxmit') and the number of authorization refreshes
(`autref').
- NFS
- Network Filesystem (NFS) server side counters.
This line contains the number of RPC calls received from NFS clients
(`rpc'), the number of read RPC calls received (`cread`), the number of
write RPC calls received (`cwrit'), the number of Megabytes/second
returned to read requests by clients (`MBcr/s`), the number of
Megabytes/second passed in write requests by clients (`MBcw/s`), the
number of network requests handled via TCP (`nettcp'), the number of
network requests handled via UDP (`netudp'), the number of reply cache
hits (`rchits'), the number of reply cache misses (`rcmiss') and the
number of uncached requests (`rcnoca'). Furthermore some error counters
indicating the number of requests with a bad format (`badfmt') or a bad
authorization (`badaut'), and a counter indicating the number of bad
clients (`badcln').
- NET
- Network utilization (TCP/IP).
One line is shown for activity of the transport layer (TCP and UDP), one
line for the IP layer and one line per active interface.
For the transport layer, counters are shown concerning the number of
received TCP segments including those received in error (`tcpi'), the
number of transmitted TCP segments excluding those containing only
retransmitted octets (`tcpo'), the number of UDP datagrams received
(`udpi'), the number of UDP datagrams transmitted (`udpo'), the number of
active TCP opens (`tcpao'), the number of passive TCP opens (`tcppo'), the
number of TCP output retransmissions (`tcprs'), the number of TCP input
errors (`tcpie'), the number of TCP output resets (`tcpor'), the number of
UDP no ports (`udpnp'), and the number of UDP input errors (`udpie').
If the screen-width does not allow all of these counters, only a relevant
subset is shown.
These counters are related to IPv4 and IPv6 combined.
For the IP layer, counters are shown concerning the number of
IP datagrams received from interfaces, including those received in error
(`ipi'), the number of IP datagrams that local higher-layer protocols
offered for transmission (`ipo'), the number of received IP datagrams
which were forwarded to other interfaces (`ipfrw'), the number of IP
datagrams which were delivered to local higher-layer protocols
(`deliv'), the number of received ICMP datagrams (`icmpi'), and the
number of transmitted ICMP datagrams (`icmpo').
If the screen-width does not allow all of these counters, only a relevant
subset is shown.
These counters are related to IPv4 and IPv6 combined.
For every active network interface one line is shown, sorted
on the interface activity. Such line shows the name of the interface and
its busy percentage in the first column. The busy percentage for half
duplex is determined by comparing the interface speed with the number of
bits transmitted and received per second; for full duplex the interface
speed is compared with the highest of either the transmitted or the
received bits. When the interface speed can not be determined (e.g. for
the loopback interface), `---' is shown instead of the percentage.
Furthermore the number of received packets (`pcki'), the number of
transmitted packets (`pcko'), the line speed of the interface (`sp'),
the effective amount of bits received per second (`si'), the effective
amount of bits transmitted per second (`so'), the number of collisions
(`coll'), the number of received multicast packets (`mlti'), the number
of errors while receiving a packet (`erri'), the number of errors while
transmitting a packet (`erro'), the number of received packets dropped
(`drpi'), and the number of transmitted packets dropped (`drpo').
If the screen-width does not allow all of these counters, only a relevant
subset is shown.
The number of lines showing the network interfaces can be limited.
- IFB
- Infiniband utilization.
For every active Infiniband port one line is shown, sorted on activity. Such
line shows the name of the port and its busy percentage in the first
column. The busy percentage is determined by taking the highest of either
the transmitted or the received bits during the interval, multiplying that
value by the number of lanes and comparing it against the maximum port
speed.
Furthermore the number of received packets divided by the number of lanes
(`pcki'), the number of transmitted packets divided by the number of lanes
(`pcko'), the maximum line speed (`sp'), the effective amount of bits
received per second (`si'), the effective amount of bits transmitted per
second (`so'), and the number of lanes (`lanes').
If the screen-width does not allow all of these counters, only a relevant
subset is shown.
The number of lines showing the Infiniband ports can be limited.
OUTPUT DESCRIPTION - PROCESS LEVEL
Following the system level information, the processes are shown
from which the resource utilization has changed during the last interval.
These processes might have used cpu time or issued disk or network requests.
However a process is also shown if part of it has been paged out due to lack
of memory (while the process itself was in sleep state).
Per process the following fields may be shown (in alphabetical
order), depending on the current output mode as described in the section
INTERACTIVE COMMANDS and depending on the current width of your window:
- AVGRSZ
- The average size of one read-action on disk.
- AVGWSZ
- The average size of one write-action on disk.
- CID
- Container ID (Docker) of 12 hexadecimal digits, referring to the container
in which the process/thread is running. If a process has been started and
finished during the last interval, a `?' is shown because the container ID
is not part of the standard process accounting record.
- CMD
- The name of the process. This name can be surrounded by "less/greater
than" signs (`<name>') which means that the process has
finished during the last interval.
Behind the abbreviation `CMD' in the header line, the current page number
and the total number of pages of the process/thread list are shown.
- COMMAND-LINE
- The full command line of the process (including arguments). If the length
of the command line exceeds the length of the screen line, the arrow keys
-> and <- can be used for horizontal scroll.
Behind the verb `COMMAND-LINE' in the header line, the current page number
and the total number of pages of the process/thread list are shown.
- CPU
- The occupation percentage of this process related to the available
capacity for this resource on system level.
- CPUNR
- The identification of the CPU the (main) thread is running on or has
recently been running on.
- CTID
- Container ID (OpenVZ). If a process has been started and finished during
the last interval, a `?' is shown because the container ID is not part of
the standard process accounting record.
- DSK
- The occupation percentage of this process related to the total load that
is produced by all processes (i.e. total disk accesses by all processes
during the last interval).
This information is shown when per process "storage accounting" is
active in the kernel.
- EGID
- Effective group-id under which this process executes.
- ENDATE
- Date that the process has been finished. If the process is still running,
this field shows `active'.
- ENTIME
- Time that the process has been finished. If the process is still running,
this field shows `active'.
- ENVID
- Virtual environment identified (OpenVZ only).
- EUID
- Effective user-id under which this process executes.
- EXC
- The exit code of a terminated process (second position of column `ST' is
E) or the fatal signal number (second position of column `ST' is S or
C).
- FSGID
- Filesystem group-id under which this process executes.
- FSUID
- Filesystem user-id under which this process executes.
- GPU
- When the pmdanvidia daemon does not run with root privileges, the
GPU percentage reflects the GPU memory occupation percentage (memory of
all GPUs is 100%).
When the pmdanvidia daemon runs with root privileges, the GPU
percentage reflects the GPU busy percentage.
- GPUBUSY
- Busy percentage on all GPUs (one GPU is 100%).
When the pmdanvidia daemon does not run with root privileges, this
value is not available.
- GPUNUMS
- Comma-separated list of GPUs used by the process during the interval. When
the comma-separated list exceeds the width of the column, a hexadecimal
value is shown.
- MAJFLT
- The number of page faults issued by this process that have been solved by
creating/loading the requested memory page.
- MEM
- The occupation percentage of this process related to the available
capacity for this resource on system level.
- MEMAVG
- Average memory occupation during the interval on all used GPUs.
- MEMBUSY
- Busy percentage of memory on all GPUs (one GPU is 100%), i.e. the time
needed for read and write accesses on memory.
When the pmdanvidia daemon does not run with root privileges, this
value is not available.
- MEMNOW
- Memory occupation at the moment of the sample on all used GPUs.
- MINFLT
- The number of page faults issued by this process that have been solved by
reclaiming the requested memory page from the free list of pages.
- NET
- The occupation percentage of this process related to the total load that
is produced by all processes (i.e. consumed network bandwidth of all
processes during the last interval).
This information will only be shown when kernel module `netatop' is
loaded.
- NICE
- The more or less static priority that can be given to a process on a scale
from -20 (high priority) to +19 (low priority).
- NPROCS
- The number of active and terminated processes accumulated for this user or
program.
- PID
- Process-id.
- POLI
- The policies 'norm' (normal, which is SCHED_OTHER), 'btch' (batch) and
'idle' refer to timesharing processes. The policies 'fifo' (SCHED_FIFO)
and 'rr' (round robin, which is SCHED_RR) refer to realtime
processes.
- PPID
- Parent process-id.
- PRI
- The process' priority ranges from 0 (highest priority) to 139 (lowest
priority). Priority 0 to 99 are used for realtime processes (fixed
priority independent of their behavior) and priority 100 to 139 for
timesharing processes (variable priority depending on their recent CPU
consumption and the nice value).
- PSIZE
- The proportional memory size of this process (or user).
Every process shares resident memory with other processes. E.g. when a
particular program is started several times, the code pages (text) are
only loaded once in memory and shared by all incarnations. Also the code
of shared libraries is shared by all processes using that shared library,
as well as shared memory and memory-mapped files. For the PSIZE
calculation of a process, the resident memory of a process that is shared
with other processes is divided by the number of sharers. This means, that
every process is accounted for a proportional part of that memory.
Accumulating the PSIZE values of all processes in the system gives a
reliable impression of the total resident memory consumed by all
processes.
Since gathering of all values that are needed to calculate the PSIZE is a
relatively time-consuming task, the 'R' key (or '-R' flag) should be
active. Gathering these values also requires superuser privileges
(otherwise '?K' is shown in the output).
- RDDSK
- When the kernel maintains standard io statistics (>= 2.6.20):
The read data transfer issued physically on disk (so reading from the disk
cache is not accounted for).
Unfortunately, the kernel aggregates the data tranfer of a process to the
data transfer of its parent process when terminating, so you might see
transfers for (parent) processes like cron, bash or init, that are not
really issued by them.
- RGID
- The real group-id under which the process executes.
- RGROW
- The amount of resident memory that the process has grown during the last
interval. A resident growth can be caused by touching memory pages which
were not physically created/loaded before (load-on-demand). Note that a
resident growth can also be negative e.g. when part of the process is
paged out due to lack of memory or when the process frees dynamically
allocated memory. For a process which started during the last interval,
the resident growth reflects the total resident size of the process at
that moment.
- RSIZE
- The total resident memory usage consumed by this process (or user). Notice
that the RSIZE of a process includes all resident memory used by that
process, even if certain memory parts are shared with other processes (see
also the explanation of PSIZE).
- RTPR
- Realtime priority according the POSIX standard. Value can be 0 for a
timesharing process (policy 'norm', 'btch' or 'idle') or ranges from 1
(lowest) till 99 (highest) for a realtime process (policy 'rr' or
'fifo').
- RUID
- The real user-id under which the process executes.
- S
- The current state of the (main) thread: `R' for running (currently
processing or in the runqueue), `S' for sleeping interruptible (wait for
an event to occur), `D' for sleeping non-interruptible, `Z' for zombie
(waiting to be synchronized with its parent process), `T' for stopped
(suspended or traced), `W' for swapping, and `E' (exit) for processes
which have finished during the last interval.
- SGID
- The saved group-id of the process.
- ST
- The status of a process.
The first position indicates if the process has been started during the last
interval (the value N means 'new process').
The second position indicates if the process has been finished
during the last interval.
The value E means 'exit' on the process' own initiative; the exit
code is displayed in the column `EXC'.
The value S means that the process has been terminated
unvoluntarily by a signal; the signal number is displayed in the in the
column `EXC'.
The value C means that the process has been terminated
unvoluntarily by a signal, producing a core dump in its current
directory; the signal number is displayed in the column `EXC'.
- STDATE
- The start date of the process.
- STTIME
- The start time of the process.
- SUID
- The saved user-id of the process.
- SWAPSZ
- The swap space consumed by this process (or user).
- SYSCPU
- CPU time consumption of this process in system mode (kernel mode), usually
due to system call handling.
- THR
- Total number of threads within this process. All related threads are
contained in a thread group, represented by pcp-atop as one line or
as a separate line when the 'y' key (or -y flag) is active.
On Linux 2.4 systems it is hardly possible to determine which
threads (i.e. processes) are related to the same thread group. Every
thread is represented by pcp-atop as a separate line.
- TID
- Thread-id. All threads within a process run with the same PID but with a
different TID. This value is shown for individual threads in
multi-threaded processes (when using the key 'y').
- TRUN
- Number of threads within this process that are in the state 'running'
(R).
- TSLPI
- Number of threads within this process that are in the state 'interruptible
sleeping' (S).
- TSLPU
- Number of threads within this process that are in the state
'uninterruptible sleeping' (D).
- USRCPU
- CPU time consumption of this process in user mode, due to processing the
own program text.
- VDATA
- The virtual memory size of the private data used by this process
(including heap and shared library data).
- VGROW
- The amount of virtual memory that the process has grown during the last
interval. A virtual growth can be caused by e.g. issueing a malloc() or
attaching a shared memory segment. Note that a virtual growth can also be
negative by e.g. issueing a free() or detaching a shared memory segment.
For a process which started during the last interval, the virtual growth
reflects the total virtual size of the process at that moment.
- VPID
- Virtual process-id (within an OpenVZ container). If a process has been
started and finished during the last interval, a `?' is shown because the
virtual process-id is not part of the standard process accounting
record.
- VSIZE
- The total virtual memory usage consumed by this process (or user).
- VSLIBS
- The virtual memory size of the (shared) text of all shared libraries used
by this process.
- VSTACK
- The virtual memory size of the (private) stack used by this process
- VSTEXT
- The virtual memory size of the (shared) text of the executable
program.
- WRDSK
- When the kernel maintains standard io statistics (>= 2.6.20):
The write data transfer issued physically on disk (so writing to the disk
cache is not accounted for). This counter is maintained for the
application process that writes its data to the cache (assuming that this
data is physically transferred to disk later on). Notice that disk I/O
needed for swapping is not taken into account.
Unfortunately, the kernel aggregates the data tranfer of a process to the
data transfer of its parent process when terminating, so you might see
transfers for (parent) processes like cron, bash or init, that are not
really issued by them.
- WCANCL
- When the kernel maintains standard io statistics (>= 2.6.20):
The write data transfer previously accounted for this process or another
process that has been cancelled. Suppose that a process writes new data to
a file and that data is removed again before the cache buffers have been
flushed to disk. Then the original process shows the written data as
WRDSK, while the process that removes/truncates the file shows the
unflushed removed data as WCANCL.
With the flag -P followed by a list of one or more labels
(comma-separated), parseable output is produced for each sample. The labels
that can be specified for system-level statistics correspond to the labels
(first verb of each line) that can be found in the interactive output:
"CPU", "cpu", "CPL", "GPU",
"MEM", "SWP", "PAG", "PSI",
"LVM", "MDD", "DSK", "NFM",
"NFC", "NFS", "NET" and "IFB".
For process-level statistics special labels are introduced: "PRG"
(general), "PRC" (cpu), "PRE" (GPU), "PRM"
(memory), "PRD" (disk, only if "storage accounting" is
active).
With the label "ALL", all system and process level statistics are
shown.
For every interval all requested lines are shown whereafter
pcp-atop shows a line just containing the label "SEP" as a
separator before the lines for the next sample are generated.
When a sample contains the values since boot, pcp-atop shows a line
just containing the label "RESET" before the lines for this sample
are generated.
The first part of each output-line consists of the following six
fields: label (the name of the label), host (the name of this
machine), epoch (the time of this interval as number of seconds since
1-1-1970), date (date of this interval in format YYYY/MM/DD),
time (time of this interval in format HH:MM:SS), and interval
(number of seconds elapsed for this interval).
The subsequent fields of each output-line depend on the label:
- CPU
- Subsequent fields: total number of clock-ticks per second for this
machine, number of processors, consumption for all CPUs in system mode
(clock-ticks), consumption for all CPUs in user mode (clock-ticks),
consumption for all CPUs in user mode for niced processes (clock-ticks),
consumption for all CPUs in idle mode (clock-ticks), consumption for all
CPUs in wait mode (clock-ticks), consumption for all CPUs in irq mode
(clock-ticks), consumption for all CPUs in softirq mode (clock-ticks),
consumption for all CPUs in steal mode (clock-ticks), consumption for all
CPUs in guest mode (clock-ticks) overlapping user mode, frequency of all
CPUs and frequency percentage of all CPUs.
- cpu
- Subsequent fields: total number of clock-ticks per second for this
machine, processor-number, consumption for this CPU in system mode
(clock-ticks), consumption for this CPU in user mode (clock-ticks),
consumption for this CPU in user mode for niced processes (clock-ticks),
consumption for this CPU in idle mode (clock-ticks), consumption for this
CPU in wait mode (clock-ticks), consumption for this CPU in irq mode
(clock-ticks), consumption for this CPU in softirq mode (clock-ticks),
consumption for this CPU in steal mode (clock-ticks), consumption for this
CPU in guest mode (clock-ticks) overlapping user mode, frequency of all
CPUs, frequency percentage of all CPUs, instructions executed by all CPUs
and cycles for all CPUs.
- CPL
- Subsequent fields: number of processors, load average for last minute,
load average for last five minutes, load average for last fifteen minutes,
number of context-switches, and number of device interrupts.
- GPU
- Subsequent fields: GPU number, bus-id string, type of GPU string, GPU busy
percentage during last second (-1 if not available), memory busy
percentage during last second (-1 if not available), total memory size
(KiB), used memory (KiB) at this moment, number of samples taken during
interval, cumulative GPU busy percentage during the interval (to be
divided by the number of samples for the average busy percentage, -1 if
not available), cumulative memory busy percentage during the interval (to
be divided by the number of samples for the average busy percentage, -1 if
not available), and cumulative memory occupation during the interval (to
be divided by the number of samples for the average occupation).
- MEM
- Subsequent fields: page size for this machine (in bytes), size of physical
memory (pages), size of free memory (pages), size of page cache (pages),
size of buffer cache (pages), size of slab (pages), dirty pages in cache
(pages), reclaimable part of slab (pages), total size of vmware's balloon
pages (pages), total size of shared memory (pages), size of resident
shared memory (pages), size of swapped shared memory (pages), huge page
size (in bytes), total size of huge pages (huge pages), and size of free
huge pages (huge pages).
- SWP
- Subsequent fields: page size for this machine (in bytes), size of swap
(pages), size of free swap (pages), 0 (future use), size of committed
space (pages), and limit for committed space (pages).
- PAG
- Subsequent fields: page size for this machine (in bytes), number of page
scans, number of allocstalls, 0 (future use), number of swapins, and
number of swapouts.
- PSI
- Subsequent fields: PSI statistics present on this system (n or y), CPU
some avg10, CPU some avg60, CPU some avg300, CPU some accumulated
microseconds during interval, memory some avg10, memory some avg60, memory
some avg300, memory some accumulated microseconds during interval, memory
full avg10, memory full avg60, memory full avg300, memory full accumulated
microseconds during interval, I/O some avg10, I/O some avg60, I/O some
avg300, I/O some accumulated microseconds during interval, I/O full avg10,
I/O full avg60, I/O full avg300, and I/O full accumulated microseconds
during interval.
- LVM/MDD/DSK
- For every logical volume/multiple device/hard disk one line is shown.
Subsequent fields: name, number of milliseconds spent for I/O, number of
reads issued, number of sectors transferred for reads, number of writes
issued, and number of sectors transferred for write.
- NFM
- Subsequent fields: mounted NFS filesystem, total number of bytes read,
total number of bytes written, number of bytes read by normal system
calls, number of bytes written by normal system calls, number of bytes
read by direct I/O, number of bytes written by direct I/O, number of pages
read by memory-mapped I/O, and number of pages written by memory-mapped
I/O.
- NFC
- Subsequent fields: number of transmitted RPCs, number of transmitted read
RPCs, number of transmitted write RPCs, number of RPC retransmissions, and
number of authorization refreshes.
- NFS
- Subsequent fields: number of handled RPCs, number of received read RPCs,
number of received write RPCs, number of bytes read by clients, number of
bytes written by clients, number of RPCs with bad format, number of RPCs
with bad authorization, number of RPCs from bad client, total number of
handled network requests, number of handled network requests via TCP,
number of handled network requests via UDP, number of handled TCP
connections, number of hits on reply cache, number of misses on reply
cache, and number of uncached requests.
- NET
- First one line is produced for the upper layers of the TCP/IP stack.
Subsequent fields: the verb "upper", number of packets received by
TCP, number of packets transmitted by TCP, number of packets received by
UDP, number of packets transmitted by UDP, number of packets received by
IP, number of packets transmitted by IP, number of packets delivered to
higher layers by IP, and number of packets forwarded by IP.
Next one line is shown for every interface.
Subsequent fields: name of the interface, number of packets received by
the interface, number of bytes received by the interface, number of
packets transmitted by the interface, number of bytes transmitted by the
interface, interface speed, and duplex mode (0=half, 1=full).
- IFB
- Subsequent fields: name of the InfiniBand interface, port number, number
of lanes, maximum rate (Mbps), number of bytes received, number of bytes
transmitted, number of packets received, and number of packets
transmitted.
- PRG
- For every process one line is shown.
Subsequent fields: PID (unique ID of task), name (between brackets), state,
real uid, real gid, TGID (group number of related tasks/threads), total
number of threads, exit code (in case of fatal signal: signal number +
256), start time (epoch), full command line (between brackets), PPID,
number of threads in state 'running' (R), number of threads in state
'interruptible sleeping' (S), number of threads in state 'uninterruptible
sleeping' (D), effective uid, effective gid, saved uid, saved gid,
filesystem uid, filesystem gid, elapsed time (hertz), is_process (y/n),
OpenVZ virtual pid (VPID), OpenVZ container id (CTID) and Docker container
id (CID).
- PRC
- For every process one line is shown.
Subsequent fields: PID, name (between brackets), state, total number of
clock-ticks per second for this machine, CPU-consumption in user mode
(clockticks), CPU-consumption in system mode (clockticks), nice value,
priority, realtime priority, scheduling policy, current CPU, sleep
average, TGID (group number of related tasks/threads) and is_process
(y/n).
- PRE
- For every process one line is shown.
Subsequent fields: PID, name (between brackets), process state, GPU state (A
for active, E for exited, N for no GPU user), number of GPUs used by this
process, bitlist reflecting used GPUs, GPU busy percentage during
interval, memory busy percentage during interval, memory occupation (KiB)
at this moment cumulative memory occupation (KiB) during interval, and
number of samples taken during interval.
- PRM
- For every process one line is shown.
Subsequent fields: PID, name (between brackets), state, page size for this
machine (in bytes), virtual memory size (Kbytes), resident memory size
(Kbytes), shared text memory size (Kbytes), virtual memory growth
(Kbytes), resident memory growth (Kbytes), number of minor page faults,
number of major page faults, virtual library exec size (Kbytes), virtual
data size (Kbytes), virtual stack size (Kbytes), swap space used (Kbytes),
TGID (group number of related tasks/threads), is_process (y/n) and
proportional set size (Kbytes) if in 'R' option is specified.
- PRD
- For every process one line is shown.
Subsequent fields: PID, name (between brackets), state, obsoleted kernel
patch installed ('n'), standard io statistics used ('y' or 'n'), number of
reads on disk, cumulative number of sectors read, number of writes on
disk, cumulative number of sectors written, cancelled number of written
sectors, TGID (group number of related tasks/threads) and is_process
(y/n).
If the standard I/O statistics (>= 2.6.20) are not used, the disk I/O
counters per process are not relevant. The counters 'number of reads on
disk' and 'number of writes on disk' are obsoleted anyhow.
- PRN
- For every process one line is shown.
Subsequent fields: PID, name (between brackets), state, kernel module
'netatop' loaded ('y' or 'n'), number of TCP-packets transmitted,
cumulative size of TCP-packets transmitted, number of TCP-packets
received, cumulative size of TCP-packets received, number of UDP-packets
transmitted, cumulative size of UDP-packets transmitted, number of
UDP-packets received, cumulative size of UDP-packets transmitted, number
of raw packets transmitted (obsolete, always 0), number of raw packets
received (obsolete, always 0), TGID (group number of related
tasks/threads) and is_process (y/n).
By sending the SIGUSR1 signal to pcp-atop a new sample will
be forced, even if the current timer interval has not exceeded yet. The
behavior is similar to pressing the `t` key in an interactive session.
By sending the SIGUSR2 signal to pcp-atop a final sample
will be forced after which pcp-atop will terminate.
To monitor the current system load interactively with an interval
of 5 seconds:
- pcp atop 5
To monitor the system load and write it to a file (in plain ASCII)
with an interval of one minute during half an hour with active processes
sorted on memory consumption:
- pcp atop -M 60 30 > /log/pcp-atop.mem
Store information about the system and process activity in a PCP
archive folio with an interval of ten minutes during an hour:
- pcp atop -w /tmp/pcp-atop 600 6
View the contents of this file interactively:
pcp atop -r /tmp/pcp-atop
View the processor and disk utilization of this file in parseable
format:
pcp atop -PCPU,DSK -r /tmp/pcp-atop.raw
View the contents of today's standard logfile interactively:
pcp atop -r
View the contents of the standard logfile of the day before
yesterday interactively:
pcp atop -r yy
View the contents of the standard logfile of 2014, June 7 from
02:00 PM onwards interactively:
pcp atop -r 20140607 -b 14:00
- /etc/atoprc
- Configuration file containing system-wide default values. See related
man-page.
- ~/.atoprc
- Configuration file containing personal default values. See related
man-page.
pcp-atop is based on the source code of the atop(1)
command from https://atoptool.nl, maintained by Gerlof Langeveld
(gerlof.langeveld@atoptool.nl), and aims to be command line and output
compatible with it as much as possible. Some features of that atop
command are not available in pcp-atop.
Some features of pcp-atop (such as reporting on the Apache
HTTP daemon, Infiniband, NFS client mounts, hardware event counts and GPU
statistics) are only activated if the corresonding PCP metrics are
available. Refer to the documentation for pmdaapache(1),
pmdainfiniband(1), pmdanfsclient(1), pmdanvidia(1) and
pmdaperfevent(1) for further details on activating these metrics.
pcp(1), pcp-atopsar(1), pmdaapache(1),
pmdainfiniband(1), pmdanfsclient(1), pmdanvidia(1),
pmdaproc(1), mkaf(1), pmlogger(1),
pmlogger_daily(1), PCPIntro(1) and pcp-atoprc(5).