| SMP_UTILS(8) | SMP_UTILS | SMP_UTILS(8) |
smp_* - invoke a SAS Serial Management Protocol (SMP) function
smp_* [--expected=EX] [--help] [--hex] [--interface=PARAMS] [--raw] [--sa=SAS_ADDR] [--verbose] [--version] SMP_DEVICE[,N]
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) is a transport (also known as a interconnect) used by storage systems. A SAS system is made up of Host Bus Adapters (HBAs typically containing SCSI initiators), disks (referred to in SCSI as both targets and logical units) and optionally some switching hardware called "expanders". Expanders are not SCSI devices so a new protocol was required to control and monitor them. Its full name is the SAS Serial Management Protocol which is abbreviated to SMP.
smp_utils is a package of utilities. Each utility sends an SMP function request to a SMP_DEVICE (an SMP target). Some utilities may invoke the same function more than once. If an error occurs then an error message is sent to stderr. If no error occurs, the response is decoded (the default), output in ASCII hex (when --hex is given) or output in binary to stdout (when the --raw option is given).
If SMP_DEVICE[,N] is not given then the value in the environment variable SMP_UTILS_DEVICE is used.
This package was originally written for Linux and has been ported to FreeBSD and Solaris.
Currently there are multiple interfaces that allow SMP functions to be passed through to an SMP target.
One method is to have a SMP_DEVICE which is actually the SMP initiator (e.g. '/dev/mptctl,0'). In this case the SMP target's SAS address must be supplied with the --sa=SAS_ADDR option.
Another method is to have a SMP_DEVICE which represents the SMP target. In this case no SAS_ADDRESS needs to be given (since it is implicit).
Each utility in smp_utils attempts to work out which interface it has been given by examining the SMP_DEVICE file. There are three interfaces supported currently:
The CAM subsystem has been enhanced in FreeBSD 9 to pass-through SMP requests and return the corresponding responses. However CAM does not directly access expander devices because they are not SCSI devices. It makes the assumption that each SAS expander has an integrated SES (enclosure) device and that is addressed. This assumption seems to be true for SAS-2 expanders but not some SAS-1 expanders. Thus invocations look like this:
# smp_discover /dev/ses0
where /dev/ses0 is a SES device associated with a SAS expander.
The USMP pass-through mechanism is used. Invocations look like this:
# smp_rep_manufacturer /dev/smp/expd0
If the device name is not given then the SMP_UTILS_DEVICE environment variable is checked and if present its contents are used as the device name.
If the SAS address (of the SMP target) is not given and it is required (i.e. it is not implicit in the device name) then the SMP_UTILS_SAS_ADDR environment variable is checked and if present its contents are used as the SAS address. SAS addresses are usually given in hex indicated by a leading '0x' or trailing 'h'.
If either or both environment variables and the corresponding command line options are given, then the command line options take precedence.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options as well. If an option takes a numeric argument then that argument is assumed to be decimal unless otherwise indicated (e.g. with a leading "0x" or a trailing "h").
To aid scripts that call these utilities, the exit status is set to indicate success (0) or failure (1 or more):
Finding the SAS address of an expander can be a challenge in some environments. An enclosure containing one or more expanders may have the expander SAS address(es) printed on the back of the device, a bit like Ethernet MAC addresses.
In the Linux 2.6 kernel series the expander SAS address may well be in the sysfs tree but it is not always easy to find. Doing this search may help:
# find /sys -name "*expander*"
That should show the suffix on any expanders that have been detected. Then a command like 'cat /sys/class/sas_device/expander-6:0/sas_address' should show its SAS address.
Another approach is to work backwards from SCSI devices (i.e. logical units). The protocol specific port log page (log page 18h) contains fields for the "attached SAS address". The sg_logs utility from the sg3_utils package could be used like this:
# sg_logs --page=18h /dev/sdb
Any given "attached SAS address" is either a HBA, an expander or 0 indicating that port is not connected. An expander is indicated by "attached device type: expander device". A SAS disk's target port identifiers (also known as SAS addresses), device name and logical unit name (all NAA 5 format) can be found with the sg_vpd utility (e.g. 'sg_vpd -i <disk_dev>'). The sdparm utility can provide the same information (e.g. 'sdparm -i <disk_dev>').
A SAS expander is often associated with a SCSI Enclosure Services (SES) device sometimes on the same silicon attached via a virtual phy to the expander. That SES device may be able to access and control an attached enclosure or backplane via SGPIO or I2C on sideband signals (e.g. in a SFF-8087 cable). To interact with a SES device, see the sg_ses utility.
Often expander phys are grouped in fours on the same connector (e.g. SFF-8088). Care needs to be taken when multiple expanders are interconnected. An enclosure universal port is one in which the "table to table supported" attribute is set (in the REPORT GENERAL response) and the associated phys have the table routing attribute (in the DISCOVER response). Enclosure universal ports were introduced in SAS-2 and have few restrictions when used to interconnect expanders or connect SAS or SATA devices. An enclosure out port is one in which the "table to table supported" attribute is clear and the associated phys have the table routing attribute. An enclosure in port is one in which the associated phys have the subtractive routing attribute. When universal ports are not available, an expander interconnect should be between an in port and an out port.
See "Examples" section in http://sg.danny.cz/sg/smp_utils.html .
SAS has multiple generations. The early standards are: the original SAS (ANSI INCITS 376-2003), SAS 1.1 (INCITS 417-2006) and SAS-2 (ANSI INCITS 457-2010) . SAS-2.1 work was split into an electrical and physical layers document (standardized as SAS-2.1 ANSI INCITS 478-2011) with the upper level layers placed in a document called the SAS Protocol Layer and it was standardized as SPL ANSI INCITS 476-2011. Next came SPL-2 which was standardized as SPL-2 ANSI INCITS 505-2013. SPL-3 is near standardization and its most recent draft is spl3r07.pdf. To avoid confusion, the multiple generations of SAS will be referred to in these man pages as SAS 1, 1.1, 2, 2.1 (SPL) and 3 (SPL-2 and SPL-3). Roughly speaking SAS-1 runs at 3 Gbps, SAS-2 at 6 Gbps and SAS-3 at 12 Gbps. Drafts, including those just prior to standardization can be found at the http://www.t10.org site (e.g. spl-r07.pdf and spl2r04c.pdf). INCITS policy now requires a registration to view these drafts, a break from t10.org tradition.
The two utilities for reading and writing to GPIO registers, smp_read_gpio and smp_write_gpio, are defined in the Small Form Factor document SFF-8485 found at http://www.sffcommittee.com . "Enhanced" versions of the corresponding SMP functions have been mentioned in some drafts but no definitions have been published and the references have been removed in more recent drafts.
In this section of each utility's man page is the first standard in which the associated SMP function appeared and whether there have been significant additions in later standards.
The COVERAGE file in the smp_utils source tarball shows a table of all SMP function names defined in the drafts, the versions of those standards in which those SMP functions first appeared and the corresponding smp_utils utility names. A lot of extra SMP functions have been added in SAS-2 associated with zoning.
Written by Douglas Gilbert.
Report bugs to <dgilbert at interlog dot com>.
Copyright © 2006-2014 Douglas Gilbert
This software is distributed under a FreeBSD license. There is NO warranty;
not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
sg_logs, sg_vpd, sg_ses(sg3_utils); sdparm(sdparm); lsscsi(lsscsi)
| May 2014 | smp_utils-0.98 |