ab - Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool
ab [ -A auth-username:password
] [ -b windowsize ] [ -B local-address ] [
-c concurrency ] [ -C cookie-name=value ]
[ -d ] [ -e csv-file ] [ -E
client-certificate file ] [ -f protocol ] [ -g
gnuplot-file ] [ -h ] [ -H custom-header ] [
-i ] [ -k ] [ -l ] [ -m HTTP-method ] [
-n requests ] [ -p POST-file ] [ -P
proxy-auth-username:password ] [ -q ] [ -r ] [
-s timeout ] [ -S ] [ -t timelimit ] [
-T content-type ] [ -u PUT-file ] [ -v
verbosity] [ -V ] [ -w ] [ -x
<table>-attributes ] [ -X proxy[:port] ] [
-y <tr>-attributes ] [ -z
<td>-attributes ] [ -Z ciphersuite ]
[http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path
ab is a tool for benchmarking your Apache Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP) server. It is designed to give you an impression of
how your current Apache installation performs. This especially shows you how
many requests per second your Apache installation is capable of serving.
- -A
auth-username:password
- Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to the server. The username and
password are separated by a single : and sent on the wire base64
encoded. The string is sent regardless of whether the server needs it
(i.e., has sent an 401 authentication needed).
- -b windowsize
- Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes.
- -B
local-address
- Address to bind to when making outgoing connections.
- -c
concurrency
- Number of multiple requests to perform at a time. Default is one request
at a time.
- -C
cookie-name=value
- Add a Cookie: line to the request. The argument is typically in the
form of a name=value pair. This field is
repeatable.
- -d
- Do not display the "percentage served within XX [ms] table".
(legacy support).
- -e csv-file
- Write a Comma separated value (CSV) file which contains for each
percentage (from 1% to 100%) the time (in milliseconds) it took to serve
that percentage of the requests. This is usually more useful than the
'gnuplot' file; as the results are already 'binned'.
- -E
client-certificate-file
- When connecting to an SSL website, use the provided client certificate in
PEM format to authenticate with the server. The file is expected to
contain the client certificate, followed by intermediate certificates,
followed by the private key. Available in 2.4.36 and later.
- -f protocol
- Specify SSL/TLS protocol (SSL2, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2, or ALL).
TLS1.1 and TLS1.2 support available in 2.4.4 and later.
- -g
gnuplot-file
- Write all measured values out as a 'gnuplot' or TSV (Tab separate values)
file. This file can easily be imported into packages like Gnuplot, IDL,
Mathematica, Igor or even Excel. The labels are on the first line of the
file.
- -h
- Display usage information.
- -H
custom-header
- Append extra headers to the request. The argument is typically in the form
of a valid header line, containing a colon-separated field-value pair
(i.e., "Accept-Encoding: zip/zop;8bit").
- -i
- Do HEAD requests instead of GET.
- -k
- Enable the HTTP KeepAlive feature, i.e., perform multiple requests
within one HTTP session. Default is no KeepAlive.
- -l
- Do not report errors if the length of the responses is not constant. This
can be useful for dynamic pages. Available in 2.4.7 and later.
- -m
HTTP-method
- Custom HTTP method for the requests. Available in 2.4.10 and later.
- -n requests
- Number of requests to perform for the benchmarking session. The default is
to just perform a single request which usually leads to non-representative
benchmarking results.
- -p POST-file
- File containing data to POST. Remember to also set -T.
- -P
proxy-auth-username:password
- Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to a proxy en-route. The username
and password are separated by a single : and sent on the wire
base64 encoded. The string is sent regardless of whether the proxy needs
it (i.e., has sent an 407 proxy authentication needed).
- -q
- When processing more than 150 requests, ab outputs a progress count
on stderr every 10% or 100 requests or so. The -q flag will
suppress these messages.
- -r
- Don't exit on socket receive errors.
- -s timeout
- Maximum number of seconds to wait before the socket times out. Default is
30 seconds. Available in 2.4.4 and later.
- -S
- Do not display the median and standard deviation values, nor display the
warning/error messages when the average and median are more than one or
two times the standard deviation apart. And default to the min/avg/max
values. (legacy support).
- -t timelimit
- Maximum number of seconds to spend for benchmarking. This implies a -n
50000 internally. Use this to benchmark the server within a fixed
total amount of time. Per default there is no timelimit.
- -T
content-type
- Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Default is
text/plain.
- -u PUT-file
- File containing data to PUT. Remember to also set -T.
- -v verbosity
- Set verbosity level - 4 and above prints information on headers,
3 and above prints response codes (404, 200, etc.), 2 and
above prints warnings and info.
- -V
- Display version number and exit.
- -w
- Print out results in HTML tables. Default table is two columns wide, with
a white background.
- -x
<table>-attributes
- String to use as attributes for <table>. Attributes are
inserted <table here >.
- -X
proxy[:port]
- Use a proxy server for the requests.
- -y
<tr>-attributes
- String to use as attributes for <tr>.
- -z
<td>-attributes
- String to use as attributes for <td>.
- -Z
ciphersuite
- Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)
The following list describes the values returned by ab:
- Server Software
- The value, if any, returned in the server HTTP header of the first
successful response. This includes all characters in the header from
beginning to the point a character with decimal value of 32 (most notably:
a space or CR/LF) is detected.
- Server
Hostname
- The DNS or IP address given on the command line
- Server Port
- The port to which ab is connecting. If no port is given on the command
line, this will default to 80 for http and 443 for https.
- SSL/TLS
Protocol
- The protocol parameters negotiated between the client and server. This
will only be printed if SSL is used.
- Document Path
- The request URI parsed from the command line string.
- Document
Length
- This is the size in bytes of the first successfully returned document. If
the document length changes during testing, the response is considered an
error.
- Concurrency
Level
- The number of concurrent clients used during the test
- Time taken for tests
- This is the time taken from the moment the first socket connection is
created to the moment the last response is received
- Complete
requests
- The number of successful responses received
- Failed requests
- The number of requests that were considered a failure. If the number is
greater than zero, another line will be printed showing the number of
requests that failed due to connecting, reading, incorrect content length,
or exceptions.
- Write errors
- The number of errors that failed during write (broken pipe).
- Non-2xx
responses
- The number of responses that were not in the 200 series of response codes.
If all responses were 200, this field is not printed.
- Keep-Alive
requests
- The number of connections that resulted in Keep-Alive requests
- Total body sent
- If configured to send data as part of the test, this is the total number
of bytes sent during the tests. This field is omitted if the test did not
include a body to send.
- Total
transferred
- The total number of bytes received from the server. This number is
essentially the number of bytes sent over the wire.
- HTML transferred
- The total number of document bytes received from the server. This number
excludes bytes received in HTTP headers
- Requests per
second
- This is the number of requests per second. This value is the result of
dividing the number of requests by the total time taken
- Time per request
- The average time spent per request. The first value is calculated with the
formula concurrency * timetaken * 1000 / done while the second
value is calculated with the formula timetaken * 1000 / done
- Transfer rate
- The rate of transfer as calculated by the formula totalread / 1024 /
timetaken
There are various statically declared buffers of fixed length.
Combined with the lazy parsing of the command line arguments, the response
headers from the server and other external inputs, this might bite you.
It does not implement HTTP/1.x fully; only accepts some 'expected'
forms of responses. The rather heavy use of strstr(3) shows up top in
profile, which might indicate a performance problem; i.e., you would
measure the ab performance rather than the server's.