AVRDUDE(1) | General Commands Manual | AVRDUDE(1) |
avrdude
— driver
program for ``simple'' Atmel AVR MCU programmer
avrdude |
-p partno
[-b baudrate]
[-B bitclock]
[-c programmer-id]
[-C config-file]
[-D ] [-e ]
[-E
exitspec[,exitspec]]
[-F ] [-i
delay] [-n
-logfile ] [-n ]
[-O ] [-P
port] [-q ]
[-s ] [-t ]
[-u ] [-U
memtype:op:filename:filefmt]
[-v ] [-x
extended_param] [-V ] |
Avrdude
is a program for downloading code
and data to Atmel AVR microcontrollers. Avrdude
supports Atmel's STK500 programmer, Atmel's AVRISP and AVRISP mkII devices,
Atmel's STK600, Atmel's JTAG ICE (mkI, mkII and 3, the latter two also in
ISP mode), programmers complying to AppNote AVR910 and AVR109 (including the
Butterfly), as well as a simple hard-wired programmer connected directly to
a ppi(4) or parport(4) parallel port, or
to a standard serial port. In the simplest case, the hardware consists just
of a cable connecting the respective AVR signal lines to the parallel
port.
The MCU is programmed in
serial programming
mode, so, for the ppi(4) based programmer, the MCU
signals ‘/RESET
’,
‘SCK
’,
‘MISO
’ and
‘MOSI
’ need to be connected to the
parallel port. Optionally, some otherwise unused output pins of the parallel
port can be used to supply power for the MCU part, so it is also possible to
construct a passive stand-alone programming device. Some status LEDs
indicating the current operating state of the programmer can be connected,
and a signal is available to control a buffer/driver IC 74LS367 (or
74HCT367). The latter can be useful to decouple the parallel port from the
MCU when in-system programming is used.
A number of equally simple bit-bang programming adapters that connect to a serial port are supported as well, among them the popular Ponyprog serial adapter, and the DASA and DASA3 adapters that used to be supported by uisp(1). Note that these adapters are meant to be attached to a physical serial port. Connecting to a serial port emulated on top of USB is likely to not work at all, or to work abysmally slow.
If you happen to have a Linux system with at least 4 hardware GPIOs available (like almost all embedded Linux boards) you can do without any additional hardware - just connect them to the MOSI, MISO, RESET and SCK pins on the AVR and use the linuxgpio programmer type. It bitbangs the lines using the Linux sysfs GPIO interface. Of course, care should be taken about voltage level compatibility. Also, although not strictrly required, it is strongly advisable to protect the GPIO pins from overcurrent situations in some way. The simplest would be to just put some resistors in series or better yet use a 3-state buffer driver like the 74HC244. Have a look at http://kolev.info/avrdude-linuxgpio for a more detailed tutorial about using this programmer type.
Atmel's STK500 programmer is also supported and connects to a serial port. Both, firmware versions 1.x and 2.x can be handled, but require a different programmer type specification (by now). Using firmware version 2, high-voltage programming is also supported, both parallel and serial (programmer types stk500pp and stk500hvsp).
Wiring boards are supported, utilizing STK500 V2.x protocol, but a simple DTR/RTS toggle is used to set the boards into programming mode. The programmer type is ``wiring''.
The Arduino (which is very similar to the STK500 1.x) is supported via its own programmer type specification ``arduino''.
The BusPirate is a versatile tool that can also be used as an AVR programmer. A single BusPirate can be connected to up to 3 independent AVRs. See the section on extended parameters below for details.
Atmel's STK600 programmer is supported in ISP and high-voltage programming modes, and connects through the USB. For ATxmega devices, the STK600 is supported in PDI mode. For ATtiny4/5/9/10 devices, the STK600 and AVRISP mkII are supported in TPI mode.
The simple serial programmer described in Atmel's application note AVR910, and the bootloader described in Atmel's application note AVR109 (which is also used by the AVR Butterfly evaluation board), are supported on a serial port.
Atmel's JTAG ICE (mkI, mkII, and 3) is supported as well to up- or download memory areas from/to an AVR target (no support for on-chip debugging). For the JTAG ICE mkII, JTAG, debugWire and ISP mode are supported, provided it has a firmware revision of at least 4.14 (decimal). JTAGICE3 also supports all of JTAG, debugWIRE, and ISP mode. See below for the limitations of debugWire. For ATxmega devices, the JTAG ICE mkII is supported in PDI mode, provided it has a revision 1 hardware and firmware version of at least 5.37 (decimal). For ATxmega devices, the JTAGICE3 is supported in PDI mode.
Atmel-ICE (ARM/AVR) is supported in all modes (JTAG, PDI for Xmega, debugWIRE, ISP).
Atmel's XplainedPro boards, using the EDBG protocol (CMSIS-DAP compatible), are supported using the "jtag3" programmer type.
Atmel's XplainedMini boards, using the mEDBG protocol, are also supported using the "jtag3" programmer type.
The AVR Dragon is supported in all modes (ISP, JTAG, HVSP, PP,
debugWire). When used in JTAG and debugWire mode, the AVR Dragon behaves
similar to a JTAG ICE mkII, so all device-specific comments for that device
will apply as well. When used in ISP mode, the AVR Dragon behaves similar to
an AVRISP mkII (or JTAG ICE mkII in ISP mode), so all device-specific
comments will apply there. In particular, the Dragon starts out with a
rather fast ISP clock frequency, so the -B
bitclock option might be required to achieve a stable
ISP communication. For ATxmega devices, the AVR Dragon is supported in PDI
mode, provided it has a firmware version of at least 6.11 (decimal).
The avrftdi, USBasp ISP and USBtinyISP adapters are also
supported, provided avrdude
has been compiled with
libusb support. USBasp ISP and USBtinyISP both feature simple firmware-only
USB implementations, running on an ATmega8 (or ATmega88), or ATtiny2313,
respectively. If libftdi has has been compiled in
avrdude
, the avrftdi device adds support for many
programmers using FTDI's 2232C/D/H and 4232H parts running in MPSSE mode,
which hard-codes (in the chip) SCK to bit 1, MOSI to bit 2, and MISO to bit
3. Reset is usually bit 4.
The Atmel DFU bootloader is supported in both, FLIP protocol version 1 (AT90USB* and ATmega*U* devices), as well as version 2 (Xmega devices). See below for some hints about FLIP version 1 protocol behaviour.
Input files can be provided, and output files can be written in different file formats, such as raw binary files containing the data to download to the chip, Intel hex format, or Motorola S-record format. There are a number of tools available to produce those files, like asl(1) as a standalone assembler, or avr-objcopy(1) for the final stage of the GNU toolchain for the AVR microcontroller.
Provided libelf(3) was present when compiling
avrdude
, the input file can also be the final ELF
file as produced by the linker. The appropriate ELF section(s) will be
examined, according to the memory area to write to.
Avrdude
can program the EEPROM and flash
ROM memory cells of supported AVR parts. Where supported by the serial
instruction set, fuse bits and lock bits can be programmed as well. These
are implemented within avrdude
as separate memory
types and can be programmed using data from a file (see the
-m
option) or from terminal mode (see the
dump and write commands). It is
also possible to read the chip (provided it has not been code-protected
previously, of course) and store the data in a file. Finally, a ``terminal''
mode is available that allows one to interactively communicate with the MCU,
and to display or program individual memory cells. On the STK500 and STK600
programmer, several operational parameters (target supply voltage, target
Aref voltage, master clock) can be examined and changed from within terminal
mode as well.
In order to control all the different operation modi, a number of
options need to be specified to avrdude
.
-p
partnoavrdude
. It specifies the type of the MCU
connected to the programmer. These are read from the config file. For
currently supported MCU types use ? as partno, this will print a list of
partno ids and official part names on the terminal. (Both can be used with
the -p option.)
Following parts need special attention:
-b
baudrate-B
bitclock-c
programmer-id-C
option). New pin configurations can be easily
added or modified through the use of a config file to make
avrdude
work with different programmers as long as
the programmer supports the Atmel AVR serial program method. You can use
the 'default_programmer' keyword in your
${HOME}/.avrduderc file to assign a default
programmer to keep from having to specify this option on every invocation.
A full list of all supported programmers is output to the terminal by
using ? as programmer-id.-C
config-fileavrdude
knows about. See the config file, located
at /etc/avrdude.conf, which contains a description
of the format.
If config-file is written as +filename then this file is read after the system wide and user configuration files. This can be used to add entries to the configuration without patching your system wide configuration file. It can be used several times, the files are read in same order as given on the command line.
-D
-U
option
with flash memory is specified, avrdude
will
perform a chip erase before starting any of the programming operations,
since it generally is a mistake to program the flash without performing an
erase first. This option disables that. Auto erase is not used for ATxmega
devices as these devices can use page erase before writing each page so no
explicit chip erase is required. Note however that any page not affected
by the current operation will retain its previous contents.-e
0xff
’, and clear all lock bits.
Except for ATxmega devices which can use page erase, it is basically a
prerequisite command before the flash ROM can be reprogrammed again. The
only exception would be if the new contents would exclusively cause bits
to be programmed from the value ‘1
’
to ‘0
’. Note that in order to
reprogram EERPOM cells, no explicit prior chip erase is required since the
MCU provides an auto-erase cycle in that case before programming the
cell.-E
exitspec[,exitspec]avrdude
leaves the parallel port in
the same state at exit as it has been found at startup. This option
modifies the state of the ‘/RESET
’
and ‘Vcc
’ lines the parallel port is
left at, according to the exitspec arguments
provided, as follows:
/RESET
’ signal will be left
activated at program exit, that is it will be held
low, in order to keep the MCU in reset state
afterwards. Note in particular that the programming algorithm for the
AT90S1200 device mandates that the
‘/RESET
’ signal is active
before
powering up the MCU, so in case an external power supply is used for
this MCU type, a previous invocation of
avrdude
with this option specified is one of
the possible ways to guarantee this condition./RESET
’ line will be
deactivated at program exit, thus allowing the MCU target program to
run while the programming hardware remains connected.Vcc
’ power to the MCU.Vcc
’
pins of the parallel port down at program exit.Multiple exitspec arguments can be separated with commas.
-F
avrdude
tries to verify that the device
signature read from the part is reasonable before continuing. Since it can
happen from time to time that a device has a broken (erased or
overwritten) device signature but is otherwise operating normally, this
options is provided to override the check. Also, for programmers like the
Atmel STK500 and STK600 which can adjust parameters local to the
programming tool (independent of an actual connection to a target
controller), this option can be used together with
-t
to continue in terminal mode.-i
delayavrdude
is running. On
Win32 operating systems, a preconfigured number of cycles per microsecond
is assumed that might be off a bit for very fast or very slow
machines.-l
logfile-n
avrdude
).-O
-P
portOn Win32 operating systems, the parallel ports are referred to
as lpt1 through lpt3, referring to the addresses 0x378, 0x278, and
0x3BC, respectively. If the parallel port can be accessed through a
different address, this address can be specified directly, using the
common C language notation (i. e., hexadecimal values are prefixed by
‘0x
’ ).
For the JTAG ICE mkII and JTAGICE3, if
avrdude
has been configured with libusb support,
port can alternatively be specified as
usb[:serialno]. This will
cause avrdude
to search the programmer on USB.
If serialno is also specified, it will be matched
against the serial number read from any JTAG ICE mkII found on USB. The
match is done after stripping any existing colons from the given serial
number, and right-to-left, so only the least significant bytes from the
serial number need to be given.
As the AVRISP mkII device can only be talked to over USB, the very same method of specifying the port is required there.
For the USB programmer "AVR-Doper" running in HID mode, the port must be specified as avrdoper. Libhidapi support is required on Unix and Mac OS but not on Windows. For more information about AVR-Doper see http://www.obdev.at/avrusb/avrdoper.html.
For the USBtinyISP, which is a simplicistic device not implementing serial numbers, multiple devices can be distinguished by their location in the USB hierarchy. See the the respective Troubleshooting entry in the detailed documentation for examples.
For programmers that attach to a serial port using some kind
of higher level protocol (as opposed to bit-bang style programmers),
port can be specified as
net:host:port.
In this case, instead of trying to open a local device, a TCP network
connection to (TCP) port on
host is established. Square brackets may be placed
around host to improve readability, for numeric
IPv6 addresses (e.g. net:[2001:db8::42]:1337
).
The remote endpoint is assumed to be a terminal or console server that
connects the network stream to a local serial port where the actual
programmer has been attached to. The port is assumed to be properly
configured, for example using a transparent 8-bit data connection
without parity at 115200 Baud for a STK500.
Note: The ability to handle IPv6 hostnames and addresses is limited to Posix systems (by now).
-q
-s
-t
avrdude
to enter the interactive
``terminal'' mode instead of up- or downloading files. See below for a
detailed description of the terminal mode.-u
avrdude
was invoked. Safemode won't alter fuse
bits itself, but rather will prompt for instructions, unless the terminal
is non-interactive, in which case safemode is disabled. See the
-s
option to disable safemode prompting.
If one of the configuration files has a line
default_safemode =
no;
-u
option's
effect is negated in that case, i. e. it
enables
safemode.
Safemode is always disabled for AVR32, Xmega and TPI devices.
-U
memtype:op:filename[:format]part
command in terminal mode. Typically, a
device's memory configuration at least contains the memory types
flash and eeprom. All memory
types currently known are:
The op field specifies what operation to perform:
The filename field indicates the name of the file to read or write. The format field is optional and contains the format of the file to read or write. Format can be one of:
The default is to use auto detection for input files, and raw binary format for output files. Note that if filename contains a colon, the format field is no longer optional since the filename part following the colon would otherwise be misinterpreted as format.
When reading any kind of flash memory area (including the various sub-areas in Xmega devices), the resulting output file will be truncated to not contain trailing 0xFF bytes which indicate unprogrammed (erased) memory. Thus, if the entire memory is unprogrammed, this will result in an output file that has no contents at all.
As an abbreviation, the form
-U
filename is equivalent
to specifying -U
flash:w:filename:a.
This will only work if filename does not have a
colon in it.
-v
-v
options increase
verbosity level.-V
-x
extended_paramIn this mode, avrdude
only initializes
communication with the MCU, and then awaits user commands on standard input.
Commands and parameters may be abbreviated to the shortest unambiguous form.
Terminal mode provides a command history using
readline(3), so previously entered command lines can be
recalled and edited. The following commands are currently implemented:
avrdude
, this command allows you to use it, even
though avrdude
does not implement the command.
When using direct SPI mode, up to 3 bytes can be omitted.JTAG ICE only: Set the JTAG ICE bit clock period to period microseconds. Note that unlike STK500 settings, this setting will be reverted to its default value (approximately 1 microsecond) when the programming software signs off from the JTAG ICE. This parameter can also be used on the JTAG ICE mkII, JTAGICE3, and Atmel-ICE to specify the ISP clock period when operating the ICE in ISP mode.
JTAG ICE only: Display the current target supply voltage and JTAG bit clock rate/period.
-v
options given on the commandline.avrdude
.(these can be changed, see the -c
option)
Pin number | Function |
2-5 | Vcc (optional power supply to MCU) |
7 | /RESET (to MCU) |
8 | SCK (to MCU) |
9 | MOSI (to MCU) |
10 | MISO (from MCU) |
18-25 | GND |
The debugWire protocol is Atmel's proprietary one-wire (plus
ground) protocol to allow an in-circuit emulation of the smaller AVR
devices, using the ‘/RESET
’ line.
DebugWire mode is initiated by activating the
‘DWEN
’ fuse, and then power-cycling
the target. While this mode is mainly intended for debugging/emulation, it
also offers limited programming capabilities. Effectively, the only memory
areas that can be read or programmed in this mode are flash ROM and EEPROM.
It is also possible to read out the signature. All other memory areas cannot
be accessed. There is no chip erase functionality in
debugWire mode; instead, while reprogramming the flash ROM, each flash ROM
page is erased right before updating it. This is done transparently by the
JTAG ICE mkII (or AVR Dragon). The only way back from debugWire mode is to
initiate a special sequence of commands to the JTAG ICE mkII (or AVR
Dragon), so the debugWire mode will be temporarily disabled, and the target
can be accessed using normal ISP programming. This sequence is automatically
initiated by using the JTAG ICE mkII or AVR Dragon in ISP mode, when they
detect that ISP mode cannot be entered.
Bootloaders using the FLIP protocol version 1 experience some very specific behaviour.
These bootloaders have no option to access memory areas other than Flash and EEPROM.
When the bootloader is started, it enters a
security mode
where the only acceptable access is to query the device configuration
parameters (which are used for the signature on AVR devices). The only way
to leave this mode is a chip erase. As a chip erase is
normally implied by the -U
option when reprogramming
the flash, this peculiarity might not be very obvious immediately.
Sometimes, a bootloader with security mode already disabled seems
to no longer respond with sensible configuration data, but only 0xFF for all
queries. As these queries are used to obtain the equivalent of a signature,
avrdude
can only continue in that situation by
forcing the signature check to be overridden with the
-F
option.
A chip erase might leave the EEPROM unerased, at least on some versions of the bootloader.
T
’ command sent to the
programmer. VALUE can be specified using the
conventional number notation of the C programming language.It may be a good idea to decouple the BusPirate and the AVR's SPI buses from each other using a 3-state bus buffer. For example 74HC125 or 74HC244 are some good candidates with the latches driven by the appropriate reset pin (cs, aux or aux2). Otherwise the SPI traffic in one active circuit may interfere with programming the AVR in the other design.
0 .. 30 kHz (default) 1 .. 125 kHz 2 .. 250 kHz 3 .. 1 MHz 4 .. 2 MHz 5 .. 2.6 MHz 6 .. 4 MHz 7 .. 8 MHz
0 .. 5 kHz 1 .. 50 kHz 2 .. 100 kHz (Firmware v4.2+ only) 3 .. 400 kHz (v4.2+)
The only advantage of the "raw-wire" mode is the different SPI frequencies available. Paged writing is not implemented in this mode.
(AVR) (PICkit2) RST - VPP/MCLR (1) VDD - VDD Target (2) -- possibly optional if AVR self powered GND - GND (3) MISO - PGD (4) SCLK - PDC (5) MOSI - AUX (6)
-e
(chip erase), rather than entire chip. Only
applicable to TPI devices (ATtiny 4/5/9/10/20/40).avrdude: jtagmkII_setparm(): bad response to set parameter command: RSP_FAILED avrdude: jtagmkII_getsync(): ISP activation failed, trying debugWire avrdude: Target prepared for ISP, signed off. avrdude: Please restart avrdude without power-cycling the target.
If the target AVR has been set up for debugWire mode (i.
e. the DWEN fuse is
programmed), normal ISP connection attempts will fail as the
/RESET
pin is not available. When using the JTAG ICE mkII in ISP mode, the message
shown indicates that avrdude
has guessed this
condition, and tried to initiate a debugWire reset to the target. When
successful, this will leave the target AVR in a state where it can respond
to normal ISP communication again (until the next power cycle). Typically,
the same command is going to be retried again immediately afterwards, and
will then succeed connecting to the target using normal ISP
communication.
avr-objcopy(1), ppi(4), libelf(3,) readline(3)
The AVR microcontroller product description can be found at
http://www.atmel.com/products/AVR/
Avrdude
was written by Brian S. Dean
<bsd@bsdhome.com>.
This man page by Joerg Wunsch.
Please report bugs via
http://savannah.nongnu.org/bugs/?group=avrdude
The JTAG ICE programmers currently cannot write to the flash ROM one byte at a time. For that reason, updating the flash ROM from terminal mode does not work.
Page-mode programming the EEPROM through JTAG (i.e. through an
-U
option) requires a prior chip erase. This is an
inherent feature of the way JTAG EEPROM programming works. This also applies
to the STK500 and STK600 in parallel programming mode.
The USBasp and USBtinyISP drivers do not offer any option to distinguish multiple devices connected simultaneously, so effectively only a single device is supported.
The avrftdi driver allows one to select specific devices using any combination of vid,pid serial number (usbsn) vendor description (usbvendoror part description (usbproduct) as seen with lsusb or whatever tool used to view USB device information. Multiple devices can be on the bus at the same time. For the H parts, which have multiple MPSSE interfaces, the interface can also be selected. It defaults to interface 'A'.
DATE February 15, 2016 | Debian |