floppycontrol - floppy driver configuration utility
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floppycontrol [-p] [--pollstate] [--printfdstate]
[-a operation-abort-threshold] [-c read-track-threshold]
[-r recalibrate-threshold] [-R reset-threshold]
[-e reporting-threshold] [-f] [-x] [-d drive][-F] [-T]
[-reset condition] [--debug] [--nodebug] [--messages]
[--nomessages] [--broken_dcl] [--working_dcl] [--inverted_dcl]
[--no_inverted_dcl] [--silent_dcl_clear] [--noisy_dcl_clear]
[-ccmos-type] [-hlt hlt] [-hut hut] [-srt srt] [-o spindown]
[-u spinup] [-s select-delay] [-rps rotations-per-second]
[-O spindown-offset] [-track max-tracks] [-timeout seconds]
[-C check-interval] [-n native-format]
[-autodetect autodetection-sequence] [-P] [--clrwerror]
[--printwerror] [-h]
The floppycontrol program is used to
configure the floppy driver.
The following floppycontrol options don't
set a configuration parameter, but perform a one-time action. They are
available to anybody who has write access to the drive
- -f
-
- --flush
- Flushes (throws away) the dirty data buffers associated with this
drive.
- -x
-
- --eject
- Ejects the disk out of the drive (Sparc). The dirty buffers are first
committed to disk before ejecting it. Fails if the disk is mounted.
- --reset condition
- Resets the FDC under condition . Condition may be one of the
following:
- 0
- resets the FDC only if a reset is needed anyways,
- 1
- resets the FDC also if a raw command has been performed since the last
reset, and
- 2
- resets the FDC unconditionally.
- This command may be needed after some failed raw commands (see section
fdrawcmd).
- -F
-
- --formatend
- Issues an end format ioctl. This might be needed after exiting a
fdformat in an unclean way.
superformat is not subject to this.
- -T
-
- --type
- Print out the drive name of a floppy device. This is used by the
MAKEFLOPPIES script. The drive name is a letter
(describing the drive type) followed by the capacity of the format in
bytes. The letter is E for 3.5 ED drives, H for 3.5 HD drives, D for 3.5
DD drives, h for 5.25 HD drives and d for 5.25 DD drives. The drive type
letter corresponds to the oldest drive type supporting the format of this
device node (not necessarily the type of the drive referred by this node.)
For the generic format nodes (/dev/fd0 et al.) the name of "native
format" of the drive is printed, and for the default formats, if a
generic format has been redefined, its name becomes
(null).
- -p
-
- --print
- Prints out the configuration of the drive. The names of the various fields
are the same as the names of the option to set them, see below.
- -P
-
- --printstate
- Prints out the cached internal state of the driver. The first line lists
various attributes about the disk:
- drive present
-
- disk present
-
- disk writable
- These are only updated when the drive is accessed.
- spinup
- is the time when the motor became switched on for the last time.
- select
- is the time when the drive became selected for the last time
- first_read
- is the time when the first read request after the last spin up
completed.
- probed_fmt
- is the index of the autodetected format in the autodetection sequence for
this drive.
- cylinder
- is the cylinder where the drive head currently sits. If this number is
negative, it has the following meaning:
- *
- -1 means that the driver doesn't know, but the controller does (a seek
command must be issued).
- *
- -2 means that the controller doesn't know either, but is sure that it not
beyond the 80th track. The drive needs a recalibration.
- *
- -3 means that the head may be beyond the 80th track. The drive needs two
successive recalibrations, because at each recalibration, the controller
only issues 80 move head commands per recalibration.
- maxblock
- is the highest block number that has been read.
- maxcylinder
- is a boolean which is set when a sector that is not on cylinder 0/head 0
has been read. These are used for smart invalidation of the buffer cache
on geometry change. The buffer cache of the drive is only invalidated on
geometry change when this change actually implies that a block that has
already been read changes position. This optimization is useful for mtools
which changes the geometry after reading the boot sector.
- generation
- is roughly the number of disk changes noticed since boot. Disk changes are
noticed if the disk is actually changed, or if a flush command is issued
and for both cases if any I/O to/from the disk occurs. (i.e. if you insert
several disks, but don't do any I/O to them, the generation number stays
the same.)
- refs
- is number of open file descriptors for this drive. It is always at least
one, because floppycontrol's file descriptor is counted too.
- device
- is format type (as derived from the minor device number) which is
currently being used.
- last_checked
- is date (in jiffies) when the drive was last checked for a disk change,
and a disk was actually in the drive.
- --pollstate
- Polls the drive and then prints out the internal state of the
driver.(--Printstate only prints out the cached
information without actually polling the drive for a disk change.)
- --printfdcstate
- Prints out the state of the controller where the target drive is attached
to.
- spec1
-
- spec2
- are the current values of those registers.
- rate
- is current data transfer rate
- rawcmd
- is true if a raw command has been executed since the last reset. If this
is the case, a reset will be triggered when a drive on the same FDC is
next opened.
- dor
- is the value of the digital output register. The 4 high bits are a bit
mask describing which drives are spinning, the 2 low bits describe the
selected drive, bit 2 is used to reset the FDC, and bit 3 describes
whether this FDC has hold of the interrupt and the DMA. If you have two
FDCs, bit 3 is only set on one of them.
- version
- is the version of the FDC. See
`linux/include/linux/fdreg.h' for a listing of the
FDC version numbers.
- reset
- is true if a reset needs to be issued to the FDC before processing the
next request.
- need_configure
- is true if this FDC needs configuration by the
FD_CONFIGURE command.
- has_fifo
- is set if the FDC understands the FD_CONFIGURE
command.
- perp_mode
- describes the perpendicular mode of this FDC. 0 is non-perpendicular mode,
2 is HD perpendicular mode, 3 is ED perpendicular mode, and 1 is
unknown.
- address
- is the address of the first I/O port of the FDC. Normally, this is 0x3f0
for the first FDC and 0x370 for the second.
The following options handle the different available drive types,
such as double density vs. high density vs. extra density drives, and 5 1/4
drives vs 3 1/2 drives. Usually the drive type is stored in a non-volatile
memory, called CMOS, under the form of an integer ranging from 1 to 6.
Different drive types are able to handle and autodetect different
formats (different autodetection lists). They also have different
"native format name". The native format is the "usual"
format with the highest capacity supported by the drive. (For example 720KB
on a double density 3 1/2 drive, and 1.2MB on a high density 5 1/4
drive.)
These settings are only changeable by the super user.
- -c cmos-type
-
- --cmos cmos-type
- Set the virtual CMOS type of the floppy drive. This is useful if
- *
- the physical CMOS type is wrong (this may happen with BIOSes which use a
non-standard mapping),
- *
- you have more than two drives (the physical CMOS may only describe up to
two drives).
- *
- you have a BIOS that allows swapping drives A: and B: for DOS.
Right now, this CMOS parameter is not used by the kernel, except
for feeding it back to other applications (for instance
superformat, floppymeter or
MAKEFLOPPIES). It is also possible to supply a
virtual CMOS type with the cmos boot option (see
section Boottime configuration). If possible, I recommend you use the boot
option, rather than floppycontrol, because the boot
option also sets any parameters derived from the CMOS type, such as the
autodetection list and the native format, whereas
floppycontrol does not.
- -A autodetect-seq
-
- --autodetect autodetect-seq
- Set the autodetection sequence (see section Autodetection) The
autodetection sequence is a comma-separated list of at most eight format
descriptors. Each format descriptor is a format number optionally followed
by the letter t. For drive 0, the format number is
the minor device number divided by 4. The autodetection sequence is used
by the driver to find out the format of a newly inserted disk. The formats
are tried one after the other, and the first matching format is retained.
To test the format, the driver tries to read the first sector on the first
track on the first head when t is not given, or
the whole first track when t is given. Thus,
autodetection cannot detect the number of tracks. However, this
information is contained in the boot sector, which is now accessible. The
boot sector can then be used by mtools to configure the correct number of
tracks.
- Example:
7,4,24t,25
means to try out the formats whose minor device numbers are 28
(1.44M), 16 (720KB), 96 (1.76MB), and 100 (1.92MB), in this order. For
the 1.76MB format, try to read the whole track at once.
- Reading the whole track at once allows you to distinguish between two
formats which differ only in the number of sectors. (The format with the
most sectors must be tried first.) If you use mtools, you do not need this
feature, as mtools can figure out the number of sectors without any help
from the floppy driver, by looking at the boot sector.
- Reading the whole track at once may also speed up the first read by 200
milliseconds. However, if, on the other hand, you try to read a disk which
has less sectors than the format, you lose some time.
- I suggest that you put the most often used format in the first place
(barring other constraints), as each format that is tried out takes 400
milliseconds.
- -n native-format
-
- --native_format native-format
- Set the native format of this drive. The native format of a drive is the
highest standard format available for this drive. (Example: For a 5 1/4 HD
drive it is the usual 1200K format.) This is format is used to make up the
format name for the generic device (which is the name of the native
format). This drive name is read back from the kernel by the
MAKEFLOPPIES script which uses it to decide which
device nodes to create.
- --broken_dcl
- Assumes that the disk change line of the drive is broken. If this is set,
disk changes are assumed to happen whenever the device node is first
opened. The physical disk change line is ignored.
- This option should be used if disk changes are either not detected at all,
or if disk changes are detected when the disk was actually not changed. If
this option fixes the problem, I'd recommend that you try to trace the
root cause of the problem. Indeed, this options results in reduced
performance due to spurious cache flushes.
- The following hardware problems may lead to a bad disk change line:
- *
- If the floppy cable is not inserted straight, or if it is kinked, the disk
change line is likely to suffer, as it is on the edge of the cable. Gently
press on both connectors of the cable (drive and controller) to insure
that all wires make contact. Visually inspect the cable, and if it shows
obvious traces of damage, get a new one.
- *
- On some drives, the locations disk change line may be chosen by jumper.
Make sure that your floppy controller and your drive agree on which line
is the disk change line.
- *
- Some older drives (mostly double density 5 1/4 drives) don't have a disk
change line. In this case, you have no choice other than to leave the
broken_dcl option on.
- --working_dcl
- Assumes that the disk change line works all right. Switching from broken
to working may lead to unexpected results after the first disk
change.
- --inverted_dcl
- Assumes that this disk drive uses an inverted disk change line. Apparently
this is the case for IBM thinkpads.
- --no_inverted_dcl
- Assumes that this drive follows the standard convention for the disk
change line.
- --noisy_dcl_clear
- Switches off silent disk change line clearing for this drive.
This section describes how to configure drive timings. To set
these parameters, you need superuser privileges. All times are in
"jiffy" units (10 milliseconds), unless otherwise specified.
- --hlt hlt
- Set the head load time (in microseconds) for this floppy drive. The head
load time describes how long the floppy controller waits after seeking or
changing heads before allowing access to a track.
- --hut hut
- Set the head unload time (in microseconds) for this floppy drive. The head
unload time describes how long the floppy controller waits after an access
before directing its attention to the other head, or before seeking.
- --srt srt
- Set the step rate (in microseconds) for this floppy drive. The step rate
describes how long the drive head stays on one cylinder when seeking.
Setting this value to low (too fast seeks) may make seeks fail, because
the motor doesn't follow fast enough.
- -u spinup-time
-
- --spinup spinup-time
- Set the spinup time of the floppy drive. In order to do read or write to
the floppy disk, it must spin. It takes a certain time for the motor to
reach enough speed to read or write. This parameter describes this time.
The floppy driver doesn't try to access the drive before the spinup time
has elapsed. With modern controllers, you may set this time to zero, as
the controller itself enforces the right delay.
- -o spindown-time
-
- --spindown spindown-time
- Set the spindown time of this floppy drive. The motor is not stopped
immediately after the operation completes, because there might be more
operations following. The spindown time is the time the driver waits
before switching off the motor.
- -O spindown-offset
-
- --spindown_offset spindown-offset
- Set the spindown offset of this floppy drive. This parameter is used to
set the position in which the disk stops. This is useful to minimize the
next access time. (If the first sector is just near the head at the very
moment at which the disk has reached enough speed, you win 200
milliseconds against the most unfavorable situation).
- This is done by clocking the time where the first I/O request completes,
and using this time to calculate the current position of the disk.
- -s select-delay
-
- --select_delay select-delay
- Set the select delay of this floppy drive. This is the delay that
the driver waits after selecting the drive and issuing the first command
to it. For modern controllers/drives, you may set this to zero.
- -C check-interval
-
- --checkfreq check-interval
- Set the maximal disk change check interval. The disk change line is
checked whenever a read or write to the device is issued, and it has not
been checked for more than interval jiffies.
This subsection describes how to switch the available debugging
messages on and off.
- --debug
- Switch debugging output on. The debugging information includes timing
information. This option might be useful to fine-tune the timing options
for your local setups. (But for most normal purposes, the default values
are good enough.)
- --nodebug
- Switch debugging output off.
- --messages
- Print informational messages after autodetection, geometry parameter
clearing and dma over/underruns.
- --nomessages
- Don't print informational messages after these events.
The following options configure the behavior of the floppy driver
in case of read/write errors. They may be used by any user who has write
privileges for the drive. Whenever the floppy driver encounters an error, a
retry counter is incremented. If the value of this counter gets bigger than
the thresholds described below, the corresponding actions are performed at
the next retry. The counter is reset when the read or write finally
terminates, whether successfully or not.
- -a operation-abort-threshold
-
- --abort operation-abort-threshold
- Tell the floppy driver to stop trying to read/write a sector after
operation-abort-threshold retries, and signal the I/O error to the
user.
- -t read-track-threshold
-
- --readtrack read-track-threshold
- Tell the floppy driver to switch from track-reading mode to
sector-at-a-time-mode after read-track-threshold retries.
- -r recalibrate-threshold
-
- --recalibrate recalibrate-threshold
- Tell the floppy driver to recalibrate the drive after
recalibrate-threshold retries.
- -R reset-threshold
-
- --reset reset-threshold
- Tell the floppy driver to reset the controller after
reset-threshold retries. After a controller reset, the floppy
driver also recalibrates all drives connected to that controller.
- -e error-report-threshold
-
- --reporting error-report-threshold
- Tell the floppy driver to start printing error messages to the console
after error-report-threshold retries.
Due to the buffer cache, write errors cannot always be reported to
the writing user program as soon as the write system call returns. Indeed,
the actual writing may take place much later. If a write error is
encountered, the floppy driver stores information about it in its per drive
write error structure. This write error structure stays until explicitly
cleared. It can for example be queried by a backup program which wants to
make sure that the data has been written successfully.
- --clrwerror
- Clears the write error structure.
- --printwerror
- Prints the contents of the write error structure:
- write_errors
- is a count of how many write errors have occurred since the structure was
last cleared.
- badness
- is the maximal number of retries that were needed to complete an operation
(reads, writes and formats).
- first_error_sector
- is where the first (chronologically) write error occurred.
- first_error_generation
- is the disk change generation in which did the first write error occurred.
The disk change generation is a number which is incremented at each disk
change.
- last_error_sector
- and
- last_error_generation
- are similar.
This subsection lists per drive configuration options, which don't
fit in any other category. They are available only to the superuser:
- --tracks max-tracks
- Set the maximal numbers of physical tracks that this drive may handle. If
you have a drive which is only able to handle 80 tracks (making strange
noises when you try to format or read a disk with more than 80 tracks),
use this option to prevent unprivileged users of damaging your drive by
repeatedly reading disks with more than 80 tracks.
- If you trust your users and your disks, you don't need this. With most
drives you don't need to worry anyways. See section More cylinders, for
details.
- -i sector-interleave
-
- --interleave sector-interleave
- Set the number of sectors beyond which sector interleaving will be used.
This option will only be used by the FDFMTTRK
ioctl. The fdformat command, which is now
considered obsolete, uses FDFMTTRK ioctl, but
superformat does not.