ogr2ogr - Converts simple features data between file formats.
ogr2ogr [--help-general] [-skipfailures] [-append] [-update]
[-select field_list] [-where restricted_where|\@filename]
[-progress] [-sql <sql statement>|\@filename] [-dialect dialect]
[-preserve_fid] [-fid FID] [-limit nb_features]
[-spat xmin ymin xmax ymax] [-spat_srs srs_def] [-geomfield field]
[-a_srs srs_def] [-t_srs srs_def] [-s_srs srs_def] [-ct string]
[-f format_name] [-overwrite] [[-dsco NAME=VALUE] ...]
dst_datasource_name src_datasource_name
[-lco NAME=VALUE] [-nln name]
[-nlt type|PROMOTE_TO_MULTI|CONVERT_TO_LINEAR|CONVERT_TO_CURVE]
[-dim XY|XYZ|XYM|XYZM|2|3|layer_dim] [layer [layer ...]]
# Advanced options
[-gt n]
[[-oo NAME=VALUE] ...] [[-doo NAME=VALUE] ...]
[-clipsrc [xmin ymin xmax ymax]|WKT|datasource|spat_extent]
[-clipsrcsql sql_statement] [-clipsrclayer layer]
[-clipsrcwhere expression]
[-clipdst [xmin ymin xmax ymax]|WKT|datasource]
[-clipdstsql sql_statement] [-clipdstlayer layer]
[-clipdstwhere expression]
[-wrapdateline] [-datelineoffset val]
[[-simplify tolerance] | [-segmentize max_dist]]
[-makevalid]
[-addfields] [-unsetFid]
[-relaxedFieldNameMatch] [-forceNullable] [-unsetDefault]
[-fieldTypeToString All|(type1[,type2]*)] [-unsetFieldWidth]
[-mapFieldType type1|All=type2[,type3=type4]*]
[-fieldmap identity | index1[,index2]*]
[-splitlistfields] [-maxsubfields val]
[-explodecollections] [-zfield field_name]
[-gcp ungeoref_x ungeoref_y georef_x georef_y [elevation]]* [-order n | -tps]
[-nomd] [-mo "META-TAG=VALUE"]* [-noNativeData]
ogr2ogr can be used to convert simple features data between
file formats. It can also perform various operations during the process,
such as spatial or attribute selection, reducing the set of attributes,
setting the output coordinate system or even reprojecting the features
during translation.
- -f
<format_name>
- Output file format name, e.g. ESRI Shapefile, MapInfo File,
PostgreSQL. Starting with GDAL 2.3, if not specified, the format is
guessed from the extension (previously was ESRI Shapefile).
- -append
- Append to existing layer instead of creating new
- -overwrite
- Delete the output layer and recreate it empty
- -update
- Open existing output datasource in update mode rather than trying to
create a new one
- -select
<field_list>
- Comma-delimited list of fields from input layer to copy to the new layer.
A field is skipped if mentioned previously in the list even if the input
layer has duplicate field names. (Defaults to all; any field is
skipped if a subsequent field with same name is found.) Geometry fields
can also be specified in the list.
Note this setting cannot be used together with -append.
To control the selection of fields when appending to a layer, use
-fieldmap or -sql.
- -progress
- Display progress on terminal. Only works if input layers have the
"fast feature count" capability.
- -sql
<sql_statement>
- SQL statement to execute. The resulting table/layer will be saved to the
output. Starting with GDAL 2.1, the @filename syntax can be used to
indicate that the content is in the pointed filename.
- -dialect
<dialect>
- SQL dialect. In some cases can be used to use (unoptimized) OGR SQL
instead of the native SQL of an RDBMS by passing OGRSQL. The
"SQLITE" dialect can also be used with any datasource.
- -where
restricted_where
- Attribute query (like SQL WHERE). Starting with GDAL 2.1, the
@filename syntax can be used to indicate that the content is in the
pointed filename.
- -skipfailures
- Continue after a failure, skipping the failed feature.
- -spat <xmin>
<ymin> <xmax> <ymax>
- spatial query extents, in the SRS of the source layer(s) (or the one
specified with -spat_srs). Only features whose geometry intersects
the extents will be selected. The geometries will not be clipped unless
-clipsrc is specified.
- -nlt
<type>
- Define the geometry type for the created layer. One of NONE,
GEOMETRY, POINT, LINESTRING, POLYGON,
GEOMETRYCOLLECTION, MULTIPOINT, MULTIPOLYGON,
MULTILINESTRING, CIRCULARSTRING, COMPOUNDCURVE,
CURVEPOLYGON, MULTICURVE, and MULTISURFACE non-linear
geometry types. Add Z, M, or ZM to the type name to
specify coordinates with elevation, measure, or elevation and measure.
PROMOTE_TO_MULTI can be used to automatically promote layers that
mix polygon or multipolygons to multipolygons, and layers that mix
linestrings or multilinestrings to multilinestrings. Can be useful when
converting shapefiles to PostGIS and other target drivers that implement
strict checks for geometry types. CONVERT_TO_LINEAR can be used to
to convert non-linear geometry types into linear geometry types by
approximating them, and CONVERT_TO_CURVE to promote a non-linear
type to its generalized curve type (POLYGON to CURVEPOLYGON,
MULTIPOLYGON to MULTISURFACE, LINESTRING to
COMPOUNDCURVE, MULTILINESTRING to MULTICURVE).
Starting with version 2.1 the type can be defined as measured
("25D" remains as an alias for single "Z"). Some
forced geometry conversions may result in invalid geometries, for example
when forcing conversion of multi-part multipolygons with -nlt
POLYGON, the resulting polygon will break the Simple Features rules.
Starting with GDAL 3.0.5, -nlt CONVERT_TO_LINEAR and
-nlt PROMOTE_TO_MULTI can be used simultaneously.
- -dim <val>
- Force the coordinate dimension to val (valid values are XY,
XYZ, XYM, and XYZM - for backwards compatibility
2 is an alias for XY and 3 is an alias for
XYZ). This affects both the layer geometry type, and feature
geometries. The value can be set to layer_dim to instruct feature
geometries to be promoted to the coordinate dimension declared by the
layer. Support for M was added in GDAL 2.1.
- -a_srs
<srs_def>
- Assign an output SRS. Srs_def can be a full WKT definition (hard to escape
properly), or a well known definition (i.e. EPSG:4326) or a file with a
WKT definition.
- -ct <string>
- A PROJ string (single step operation or multiple step string starting with
+proj=pipeline), a WKT2 string describing a CoordinateOperation, or a
urn:ogc:def:coordinateOperation:EPSG::XXXX URN overriding the
default transformation from the source to the target CRS. It must take
into account the axis order of the source and target CRS.
New in version 3.0.
- -preserve_fid
- Use the FID of the source features instead of letting the output driver
automatically assign a new one (for formats that require a FID). If not in
append mode, this behavior is the default if the output driver has a FID
layer creation option, in which case the name of the source FID column
will be used and source feature IDs will be attempted to be preserved.
This behavior can be disabled by setting -unsetFid.
- -fid fid
- If provided, only the feature with the specified feature id will be
processed. Operates exclusive of the spatial or attribute queries. Note:
if you want to select several features based on their feature id, you can
also use the fact the 'fid' is a special field recognized by OGR SQL. So,
-where "fid in (1,3,5)" would select features 1, 3 and
5.
- -doo NAME=VALUE
- Destination dataset open option (format specific), only valid in -update
mode.
- -gt n
- Group n features per transaction (default 100 000). Increase the value for
better performance when writing into DBMS drivers that have transaction
support. n can be set to unlimited to load the data into a single
transaction.
- -ds_transaction
- Force the use of a dataset level transaction (for drivers that support
such mechanism), especially for drivers such as FileGDB that only support
dataset level transaction in emulation mode.
- -clipsrc [xmin ymin
xmax ymax]|WKT|datasource|spat_extent
- Clip geometries to the specified bounding box (expressed in source SRS),
WKT geometry (POLYGON or MULTIPOLYGON), from a datasource or to the
spatial extent of the -spa.. option if you use the spat_extent keyword.
When specifying a datasource, you will generally want to use it in
combination of the -clipsrclayer, -clipsrcwhere or -clipsrcsql
options
- -clipdst <xmin>
<ymin> <xmax> <ymax>
- Clip geometries after reprojection to the specified bounding box
(expressed in dest SRS), WKT geometry (POLYGON or MULTIPOLYGON) or from a
datasource. When specifying a datasource, you will generally want to use
it in combination of the -clipdstlayer, -clipdstwhere or -clipdstsq..
options
- -wrapdateline
- Split geometries crossing the dateline meridian (long. = +/- 180deg)
- -datelineoffset
- Offset from dateline in degrees (default long. = +/- 10deg, geometries
within 170deg to -170deg will be split)
- -simplify
<tolerance>
- Distance tolerance for simplification. Note: the algorithm used preserves
topology per feature, in particular for polygon geometries, but not for a
whole layer.
- -makevalid
- Run the OGRGeometry::MakeValid() operation, followed by
OGRGeometryFactory::removeLowerDimensionSubGeoms(), on geometries
to ensure they are valid regarding the rules of the Simple Features
specification.
- -fieldTypeToString
type1,...
- Converts any field of the specified type to a field of type string in the
destination layer. Valid types are : Integer, Integer64, Real, String,
Date, Time, DateTime, Binary, IntegerList, Integer64List, RealList,
StringList. Special value All can be used to convert all fields to
strings. This is an alternate way to using the CAST operator of OGR SQL,
that may avoid typing a long SQL query. Note that this does not influence
the field types used by the source driver, and is only an afterwards
conversion.
- -mapFieldType
srctype|All=dsttype,...
- Converts any field of the specified type to another type. Valid types are
: Integer, Integer64, Real, String, Date, Time, DateTime, Binary,
IntegerList, Integer64List, RealList, StringList. Types can also include
subtype between parenthesis, such as Integer(Boolean), Real(Float32), ...
Special value All can be used to convert all fields to another type. This
is an alternate way to using the CAST operator of OGR SQL, that may avoid
typing a long SQL query. This is a generalization of -fieldTypeToString.
Note that this does not influence the field types used by the source
driver, and is only an afterwards conversion.
- -splitlistfields
- Split fields of type StringList, RealList or IntegerList into as many
fields of type String, Real or Integer as necessary.
- -maxsubfields
<val>
- To be combined with -splitlistfields to limit the number of
subfields created for each split field.
- -explodecollections
- Produce one feature for each geometry in any kind of geometry collection
in the source file, applied after any -sql option.
- -order
<n>
- Order of polynomial used for warping (1 to 3). The default is to select a
polynomial order based on the number of GCPs.
- -tps
- Force use of thin plate spline transformer based on available GCPs.
- -fieldmap
- Specifies the list of field indexes to be copied from the source to the
destination. The (n)th value specified in the list is the index of the
field in the target layer definition in which the n(th) field of the
source layer must be copied. Index count starts at zero. To omit a field,
specify a value of -1. There must be exactly as many values in the list as
the count of the fields in the source layer. We can use the 'identity'
setting to specify that the fields should be transferred by using the same
order. This setting should be used along with the -append
setting.
- -addfields
- This is a specialized version of -append. Contrary to
-append, -addfields has the effect of adding, to existing
target layers, the new fields found in source layers. This option is
useful when merging files that have non-strictly identical structures.
This might not work for output formats that don't support adding fields to
existing non-empty layers. Note that if you plan to use -addfields, you
may need to combine it with -forceNullable, including for the initial
import.
- -relaxedFieldNameMatch
- Do field name matching between source and existing target layer in a more
relaxed way if the target driver has an implementation for it.
- -forceNullable
- Do not propagate not-nullable constraints to target layer if they exist in
source layer.
- -unsetDefault
- Do not propagate default field values to target layer if they exist in
source layer.
- -unsetFid
- Can be specified to prevent the name of the source FID column and source
feature IDs from being re-used for the target layer. This option can for
example be useful if selecting source features with a ORDER BY
clause.
- -nomd
- To disable copying of metadata from source dataset and layers into target
dataset and layers, when supported by output driver.
- -mo META-TAG=VALUE
- Passes a metadata key and value to set on the output dataset, when
supported by output driver.
- -noNativeData
- To disable copying of native data, i.e. details of source format not
captured by OGR abstraction, that are otherwise preserved by some drivers
(like GeoJSON) when converting to same format.
New in version 2.1.
When writing into transactional DBMS (SQLite/PostgreSQL,MySQL,
etc...), it might be beneficial to increase the number of INSERT statements
executed between BEGIN TRANSACTION and COMMIT TRANSACTION statements. This
number is specified with the -gt option. For example, for SQLite, explicitly
defining -gt 65536 ensures optimal performance while populating some table
containing many hundreds of thousands or millions of rows. However, note
that -skipfailures overrides -gt and sets the size of transactions to 1.
For PostgreSQL, the PG_USE_COPY config option can be set to YES
for a significant insertion performance boost. See the PG driver
documentation page.
More generally, consult the documentation page of the input and
output drivers for performance hints.
This utility is also callable from C with
GDALVectorTranslate().
Basic conversion from Shapefile to GeoPackage:
ogr2ogr \
-f GPKG output.gpkg \
input.shp
Change the coordinate reference system from EPSG:4326 to
EPSG:3857:
ogr2ogr \
-s_srs EPSG:4326 \
-t_srs EPSG:3857 \
-f GPKG output.gpkg \
input.gpkg
Example appending to an existing layer (both -update and
-append flags need to be used):
ogr2ogr -update -append -f PostgreSQL PG:dbname=warmerda abc.tab
Clip input layer with a bounding box (<xmin> <ymin>
<xmax> <ymax>):
ogr2ogr \
-spat -13.931 34.886 46.23 74.12 \
-f GPKG output.gpkg \
natural_earth_vector.gpkg
Filter Features by a -where clause:
ogr2ogr \
-where "\"POP_EST\" < 1000000" \
-f GPKG output.gpkg \
natural_earth_vector.gpkg \
ne_10m_admin_0_countries
Example reprojecting from ETRS_1989_LAEA_52N_10E to EPSG:4326 and
clipping to a bounding box:
ogr2ogr -wrapdateline -t_srs EPSG:4326 -clipdst -5 40 15 55 france_4326.shp europe_laea.shp
Example for using the -fieldmap setting. The first field of
the source layer is used to fill the third field (index 2 = third field) of
the target layer, the second field of the source layer is ignored, the third
field of the source layer used to fill the fifth field of the target
layer.
ogr2ogr -append -fieldmap 2,-1,4 dst.shp src.shp
More examples are given in the individual format pages.
Frank Warmerdam <warmerdam@pobox.com>, Silke Reimer
<silke@intevation.de>