| ematch(8) | Linux | ematch(8) |
ematch - extended matches for use with "basic", "cgroup" or "flow" filters
tc filter add .. basic match EXPR .. flowid ..
EXPR := TERM [ { and | or } EXPR ]
TERM := [ not ] { MATCH | '(' EXPR ')' }
MATCH := module '(' ARGS ')'
ARGS := ARG1 ARG2 ..
Simple comparison ematch: arithmetic compare of packet data to a given value.
cmp( ALIGN at OFFSET [ ATTRS ] { eq | lt | gt } VALUE )
ALIGN := { u8 | u16 | u32 }
ATTRS := [ layer LAYER ] [ mask MASK ] [ trans ]
LAYER := { link | network | transport | 0..2 }
Metadata ematch
meta( OBJECT { eq | lt |gt } OBJECT )
OBJECT := { META_ID | VALUE }
META_ID := id [ shift SHIFT ] [ mask MASK ]
random 32 bit random value
loadavg_1 Load average in last 5 minutes
nf_mark Netfilter mark
vlan Vlan tag
sk_rcvbuf Receive buffer size
sk_snd_queue Send queue length
A full list of meta attributes can be obtained via
# tc filter add dev eth1 basic match 'meta(list)'
match packet data byte sequence
nbyte( NEEDLE at OFFSET [ layer LAYER ] )
NEEDLE := { string | c-escape-sequence }
OFFSET := int
LAYER := { link | network | transport | 0..2 }
u32 ematch
u32( ALIGN VALUE MASK at [ nexthdr+ ] OFFSET )
ALIGN := { u8 | u16 | u32 }
test packet against ipset membership
ipset( SETNAME FLAGS )
SETNAME := string
FLAGS := { FLAG [, FLAGS] }
The flag options are the same as those used by the iptables "set" match.
When using the ipset ematch with the "ip_set_hash:net,iface" set type, the interface can be queried using "src,dst (source ip address, outgoing interface) or "src,src" (source ip address, incoming interface) syntax.
test packet against xtables matches
ipt( [-6] -m MATCH_NAME FLAGS )
MATCH_NAME := string
FLAGS := { FLAG [, FLAGS] }
The flag options are the same as those used by the xtable match used.
ematch rule to match CAN frames
canid( IDLIST )
IDLIST := IDSPEC[IDLIST]
IDSPEC := { ’sff’ CANID | ’eff’ CANID }
CANID := ID[:MASK]
ID, MASK := hexadecimal number (i.e. 0x123)
The ematch syntax uses '(' and ')' to group expressions. All braces need to be escaped properly to prevent shell commandline from interpreting these directly.
When using the ipset ematch with the "ifb" device, the outgoing device will be the ifb device itself, e.g. "ifb0". The original interface (i.e. the device the packet arrived on) is treated as the incoming interface.
# tc filter add .. basic match ...
# 'cmp(u16 at 3 layer 2 mask 0xff00 gt 20)'
# 'meta(nfmark gt 24)' and 'meta(tcindex mask 0xf0 eq 0xf0)'
# 'nbyte("ababa" at 12 layer 1)'
# 'u32(u16 0x1122 0xffff at nexthdr+4)'
Check if packet source ip address is member of set named bulk:
# 'ipset(bulk src)'
Check if packet source ip and the interface the packet arrived on is member of "hash:net,iface" set named interactive:
# 'ipset(interactive src,src)'
Check if packet matches an IPSec state with reqid 1:
# 'ipt(-m policy --dir in --pol ipsec --reqid 1)'
The extended match infrastructure was added by Thomas Graf.
| 6 August 2012 | iproute2 |