NAME

Forest::Tree::Pure - An n-ary tree

SYNOPSIS

  use Forest::Tree;
  my $t = Forest::Tree::Pure->new(
      node     => 1,
      children => [
          Forest::Tree::Pure->new(
              node     => 1.1,
              children => [
                  Forest::Tree::Pure->new(node => 1.1.1),
                  Forest::Tree::Pure->new(node => 1.1.2),
                  Forest::Tree::Pure->new(node => 1.1.3),
              ]
          ),
          Forest::Tree::Pure->new(node => 1.2),
          Forest::Tree::Pure->new(
              node     => 1.3,
              children => [
                  Forest::Tree::Pure->new(node => 1.3.1),
                  Forest::Tree::Pure->new(node => 1.3.2),
              ]
          ),
      ]
  );
  $t->traverse(sub {
      my $t = shift;
      print(('    ' x $t->depth) . ($t->node || '\undef') . "\n");
  });

DESCRIPTION

This module is a base class for Forest::Tree providing functionality for immutable trees.

It can be used independently for trees that require sharing of children between parents.

There is no single authoritative parent (no upward links at all), and changing of data is not supported.

This class is appropriate when many tree roots share the same children (e.g. in a versioned tree).

This class is strictly a DAG, wheras Forest::Tree produces a graph with back references

ATTRIBUTES

node

children

size

height

METHODS

is_leaf

True if the current tree has no children

traverse (\&func)

Takes a reference to a subroutine and traverses the tree applying this subroutine to every descendant. (But not the root)

visit (&func)

Traverse the entire tree, including the root.

fmap_cont (&func)

A CPS form of "visit" that lets you control when and how data flows from the children.

It takes a callback in the form:

    sub {
        my ( $tree, $cont, @args ) = @_;
        ...
    }
    

and $cont is a code ref that when invoked will apply that same function to the children of $tree.

This allows you to do things like computing the sum of all the node values in a tree, for instance:

    use List::Util qw(sum);
    my $sum = $tree->fmap_cont(sub {
        my ( $tree, $cont ) = @_;
        return sum( $tree->node, $cont->() );
    });
    

And also allows one to stop traversal at a given point.

add_children (@children)

add_child ($child)

Create a new tree node with the children appended.

The children must inherit "Forest::Tree::Pure"

Note that this method does not mutate the tree, instead it clones and returns a tree with the augmented list of children.

insert_child_at ($index, $child)

Insert a child at this position. (zero-base index)

Returns a derived tree with overridden children.

set_child_at ($index, $child)

Replaces the child at $index with $child.

remove_child_at ($index)

Remove the child at this position. (zero-base index)

Returns a derived tree with overridden children.

locate (@path)

Find a child using a path of child indexes. These two examples return the same object:

    $tree->get_child_at(0)->get_child_at(1)->get_child_at(0);
    $tree->locate(0, 1, 0);
    

descend (@path)

Like "lookup" except that it returns every object in the path, not just the leaf.

"transform (\@path, $method, @args)"

Performs a lookup on @path, applies the method $method with @args to the located node, and clones the path to the parent returning a derived tree.

This method is also implemented in Forest::Tree by mutating the tree in place and returning the original tree, so the same transformations should work on both pure trees and mutable ones.

This code:

    my $new = $root->transform([ 1, 3 ], insert_child_at => 3, $new_child);
    

will locate the child at the path "[ 1, 3 ]", call "insert_child_at" on it, creating a new version of "[ 1, 3 ]", and then return a cloned version of "[ 1 ]" and the root node recursively, such that $new appears to be a mutated $root.

set_node $new

Returns a clone of the tree node with the node value changed.

"replace $arg"

Returns the argument. This is useful when used with "transform".

clone

Provided by MooseX::Clone.

Deeply clones the entire tree.

Subclasses should use MooseX::Clone traits to specify the correct cloning behavior for additional attributes if cloning is used.

reconstruct_with_class $class

Recursively recreates the tree by passing constructor arguments to $class.

Does not use "clone".

to_mutable_tree

Invokes "reconstruct_with_class" with Forest::Tree as the argument.

to_pure_tree

Returns the invocant.

get_child_index ($child)

Returns the index of $child in "children" or undef if it isn't a child of the current tree.

BUGS

All complex software has bugs lurking in it, and this module is no exception. If you find a bug please either email me, or add the bug to cpan-RT.

AUTHOR

Yuval Kogman

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

Copyright 2008-2014 Infinity Interactive, Inc.

<http://www.iinteractive.com>

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.