NAME

MD4Init, MD4Update, MD4Pad, MD4Final, MD4Transform, MD4End, MD4File, MD4FileChunk, MD4Data — calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., “MD4” message digest

LIBRARY

Message Digest (MD4, MD5, etc.) Support Library (libmd, -lmd)

SYNOPSIS

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <md4.h>

void
MD4Init(MD4_CTX *context);

void
MD4Update(MD4_CTX *context, const uint8_t *data, size_t len);

void
MD4Pad(MD4_CTX *context);

void
MD4Final(uint8_t digest[MD4_DIGEST_LENGTH], MD4_CTX *context);

void
MD4Transform(uint32_t state[4], uint8_t block[MD4_BLOCK_LENGTH]);

char *
MD4End(MD4_CTX *context, char *buf);

char *
MD4File(const char *filename, char *buf);

char *
MD4FileChunk(const char *filename, char *buf, off_t offset, off_t length);

char *
MD4Data(const uint8_t *data, size_t len, char *buf);

DESCRIPTION

The MD4 functions calculate a 128-bit cryptographic checksum (digest) for any number of input bytes. A cryptographic checksum is a one-way hash-function, that is, you cannot find (except by exhaustive search) the input corresponding to a particular output. This net result is a “fingerprint” of the input-data, which doesn't disclose the actual input.

MD2 is the slowest, MD4 is the fastest and MD5 is somewhere in the middle. MD2 can only be used for Privacy-Enhanced Mail. MD4 has been criticized for being too weak, so MD5 was developed in response as ``MD4 with safety-belts''. MD4 and MD5 have been broken; they should only be used where necessary for backward compatibility. The attacks on both MD4 and MD5 are both in the nature of finding “collisions” - that is, multiple inputs which hash to the same value; it is still unlikely for an attacker to be able to determine the exact original input given a hash value.

The MD4Init(), MD4Update(), and MD4Final() functions are the core functions. Allocate an MD4_CTX, initialize it with MD4Init(), run over the data with MD4Update(), and finally extract the result using MD4Final().

The MD4Pad() function can be used to apply padding to the message digest as in MD4Final(), but the current context can still be used with MD4Update().

The MD4Transform() function is used by MD4Update() to hash 512-bit blocks and forms the core of the algorithm. Most programs should use the interface provided by MD4Init(), MD4Update() and MD4Final() instead of calling MD4Transform() directly.

MD4End() is a wrapper for MD4Final() which converts the return value to an MD4_DIGEST_STRING_LENGTH-character (including the terminating '\0') ASCII string which represents the 128 bits in hexadecimal.

MD4File() calculates the digest of a file, and uses MD4End() to return the result. If the file cannot be opened, a null pointer is returned.

MD4FileChunk() behaves like MD4File() but calculates the digest only for that portion of the file starting at offset and continuing for length bytes or until end of file is reached, whichever comes first. A zero length can be specified to read until end of file. A negative length or offset will be ignored. MD4Data() calculates the digest of a chunk of data in memory, and uses MD4End() to return the result.

When using MD4End(), MD4File(), MD4FileChunk(), or MD4Data(), the buf argument can be a null pointer, in which case the returned string is allocated with malloc(3) and subsequently must be explicitly deallocated using free(3) after use. If the buf argument is non-null it must point to at least MD4_DIGEST_STRING_LENGTH characters of buffer space.

SEE ALSO

md2(3), md4(3), md5(3), rmd160(3), sha1(3), sha2(3)

B. Kaliski, The MD2 Message-Digest Algorithm, RFC 1319.

R. Rivest, The MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm, RFC 1186.

R. Rivest, The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm, RFC 1321.

RSA Laboratories, Frequently Asked Questions About today's Cryptography, <http://www.rsa.com/rsalabs/faq/>.

H. Dobbertin, Alf Swindles Ann, CryptoBytes, 1(3):5, 1995.

MJ. B. Robshaw, On Recent Results for MD4 and MD5, RSA Laboratories Bulletin, 4, November 12, 1996.

Hans Dobbertin, Cryptanalysis of MD5 Compress.

HISTORY

These functions appeared in OpenBSD 2.0 and NetBSD 1.3.

AUTHORS

The original MD4 routines were developed by RSA Data Security, Inc., and published in the above references. This code is derived from a public domain implementation written by Colin Plumb.

The MD4End(), MD4File(), MD4FileChunk(), and MD4Data() helper functions are derived from code written by Poul-Henning Kamp.

BUGS

Collisions have been found for the full versions of both MD4 and MD5. The use of sha2(3) is recommended instead.