| vpSetLookupShader(3) | Library Functions Manual | vpSetLookupShader(3) |
vpSetLookupShader - specify shading lookup tables
#include <volpack.h>
vpResult
vpSetLookupShader(vpc, color_channels, num_materials, color_field, color_table, color_table_size, weight_field, weight_table, weight_table_size)
vpSetLookupShader is used to specify lookup tables that define a shading function. The lookup-table shading algorithm provided by VolPack is designed to support the following shading model. Each voxel is assumed to contain a mixture of some set of basic material types. Each material type has its own shading parameters for the Phong shading equation (for example, the diffuse color components and the shinyness). The color of a voxel is found by computing a color for each material type and then combining the colors in proportion to the fraction of each material in the voxel. The shading model also supports directional (infinite-distance) light sources.
This shading model is implemented using lookup tables. The tables can be precomputed so that the shading equation does not have to be evaluated for every voxel. VolPack provides routines to compute the lookup tables (see vpShadeTable(3)). The lookup tables can also be used to implement other shading models by using a user-supplied routine to compute the contents of the tables. See vpSetDepthCueing(3) for information about depth cueing.
It is also possible to define a callback function that will be called to shade each voxel during rendering, instead of using a lookup table. This method allows more general shading models but slows down rendering. To define a callback shader, call vpSetCallback with the VP_GRAY_SHADE_FUNC or VP_RGB_SHADE_FUNC option code (see vpSetCallback(3)). The lookup tables are used if the last successful call to vpSetLookupShader occurred after the last successful call to vpSetCallback with one of the VP_*_SHADE_FUNC options.
The color_channels argument determines whether the shading table will contain grayscale (1 channel) or RGB (3 channel) pixels. The num_materials argument specifies the number of basic material types out of which each voxel can be composed (at least 1). The color_table and weight_table arguments specify two lookup tables, and the color_field and weight_field arguments specify two voxel fields that are used to index the tables. The size of the color_table array must be:
where n is the number of possible values in the color_field field of the voxel (the maximum value plus one). The size of the weight_table argument must be:
where m is the number of possible values in the weight_field field of the voxel (the maximum value plus one). If there is only one material then weight_table is not used and may be a NULL pointer.
During rendering the shading lookup tables are accessed as follows. Suppose a particular voxel to be shaded has the value color_index in the field specified by color_field and the value weight_index in the field specified by weight_field. For each material number material_index, a weighted color is computed from the formula:
Then the weighted colors for each material type are added up to give the voxel color. If color_table contains RGB values then each component is treated separately using the above formula. If there is only one material type then the constant 1.0 is substituted for the weight_table value.
The suggested way to use the tables is as follows. The voxel field specified by color_field should contain an encoded surface normal vector; this should be the same field as the norm_field argument to vpVolumeNormals or vpClassifyScalars. In the color_table array, for each possible encoded surface normal (the color index) and material type (the material index) the array should contain the color of the material given the current viewing direction and lighting arrangement. The color is independent of the voxel location because the light sources are assumed to be infinitely distant. The function vpShadeTable initializes the contents of color_table in this way.
The voxel field specified by weight_field should contain some quantity that determines the material composition of the voxel. For example, a field containing the scalar value could be used. In the weight_table array, for each possible value of weight_field there should be one row of material occupancy fractions. Each entry should be a number in the range 0.0-1.0 that specifies the fraction of the voxel occupied by the corresponding material. For example, if there are two material types and a voxel's weight_field contains the value 62, then weight_table[62][0] gives the fraction of the voxel occupied by material 0, and weight_table[62][1] gives the fraction of the voxel occupied by material 1. Normally, the numbers in a given row of weight_table should add up to 1.0 (although special effects can be achieved by bending the rules). The function vpRamp is useful for initializing the weight table with piece-wise linear ramps.
The values in the shading lookup tables may be initialized before or after calling vpSetLookupShader. Typically vpSetLookupShader is called once at the beginning of a rendering session, and then the values in the shading tables are modified as the user changes the lighting and shading parameters or the viewing direction.
Information about the current shading table parameters can be retrieved with the following state variable codes (see vpGeti(3)): VP_COLOR_CHANNELS, VP_SHADE_COLOR_TABLE, VP_SHADE_COLOR_SIZE, VP_SHADE_WEIGHT_TABLE, VP_SHADE_WEIGHT_SIZE, VP_SHADE_COLOR_FIELD, VP_SHADE_WEIGHT_FIELD, VP_MATERIAL_COUNT
The normal return value is VP_OK. The following error return values are possible:
VolPack(3), vpCreateContext(3), vpShadeTable(3), vpSetCallback(3), vpRamp(3), vpVolumeNormals(3), vpClassifyScalars(3), vpSetDepthCueing(3)
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