These routines allow C programs to make procedure calls on other
machines across the network. First, the client calls a procedure to send a
data packet to the server. Upon receipt of the packet, the server calls a
dispatch routine to perform the requested service, and then sends back a
reply. Finally, the procedure call returns to the client.
To take use of these routines, include the header file
<rpc/rpc.h>.
The prototypes below make use of the following types:
typedef int bool_t;
typedef bool_t (*xdrproc_t) (XDR *, void *, ...);
typedef bool_t (*resultproc_t) (caddr_t resp,
struct sockaddr_in *raddr);
See the header files for the declarations of the AUTH,
CLIENT, SVCXPRT, and XDR types.
void auth_destroy(AUTH *auth);
- A macro that destroys the authentication information associated with
auth. Destruction usually involves deallocation of private data
structures. The use of auth is undefined after calling
auth_destroy().
AUTH *authnone_create(void);
- Create and return an RPC authentication handle that passes nonusable
authentication information with each remote procedure call. This is the
default authentication used by RPC.
AUTH *authunix_create(char *host, int uid, int gid,
int len, int *aup_gids);
- Create and return an RPC authentication handle that contains
authentication information. The parameter host is the name of the
machine on which the information was created; uid is the user's
user ID; gid is the user's current group ID; len and
aup_gids refer to a counted array of groups to which the user
belongs. It is easy to impersonate a user.
AUTH *authunix_create_default(void);
- Calls authunix_create() with the appropriate parameters.
int callrpc(char *host, unsigned long prognum,
unsigned long versnum, unsigned long procnum,
xdrproc_t inproc, char *in,
xdrproc_t outproc, char *out);
- Call the remote procedure associated with prognum, versnum,
and procnum on the machine, host. The parameter in is
the address of the procedure's argument(s), and out is the address
of where to place the result(s); inproc is used to encode the
procedure's parameters, and outproc is used to decode the
procedure's results. This routine returns zero if it succeeds, or the
value of enum clnt_stat cast to an integer if it fails. The routine
clnt_perrno() is handy for translating failure statuses into
messages.
- Warning: calling remote procedures with this routine uses UDP/IP as a
transport; see clntudp_create() for restrictions. You do not have
control of timeouts or authentication using this routine.
enum clnt_stat clnt_broadcast(unsigned long prognum,
unsigned long versnum, unsigned long procnum,
xdrproc_t inproc, char *in,
xdrproc_t outproc, char *out,
resultproc_t eachresult);
- Like callrpc(), except the call message is broadcast to all locally
connected broadcast nets. Each time it receives a response, this routine
calls eachresult(), whose form is:
-
eachresult(char *out, struct sockaddr_in *addr);
- where out is the same as out passed to
clnt_broadcast(), except that the remote procedure's output is
decoded there; addr points to the address of the machine that sent
the results. If eachresult() returns zero, clnt_broadcast()
waits for more replies; otherwise it returns with appropriate status.
- Warning: broadcast sockets are limited in size to the maximum transfer
unit of the data link. For ethernet, this value is 1500 bytes.
enum clnt_stat clnt_call(CLIENT *clnt, unsigned long procnum,
xdrproc_t inproc, char *in,
xdrproc_t outproc, char *out,
struct timeval tout);
- A macro that calls the remote procedure procnum associated with the
client handle, clnt, which is obtained with an RPC client creation
routine such as clnt_create(). The parameter in is the
address of the procedure's argument(s), and out is the address of
where to place the result(s); inproc is used to encode the
procedure's parameters, and outproc is used to decode the
procedure's results; tout is the time allowed for results to come
back.
clnt_destroy(CLIENT *clnt);
- A macro that destroys the client's RPC handle. Destruction usually
involves deallocation of private data structures, including clnt
itself. Use of clnt is undefined after calling
clnt_destroy(). If the RPC library opened the associated socket, it
will close it also. Otherwise, the socket remains open.
CLIENT *clnt_create(char *host, unsigned long prog,
unsigned long vers, char *proto);
- Generic client creation routine. host identifies the name of the
remote host where the server is located. proto indicates which kind
of transport protocol to use. The currently supported values for this
field are “udp” and “tcp”. Default timeouts
are set, but can be modified using clnt_control().
- Warning: using UDP has its shortcomings. Since UDP-based RPC messages can
hold only up to 8 Kbytes of encoded data, this transport cannot be used
for procedures that take large arguments or return huge results.
bool_t clnt_control(CLIENT *cl, int req, char *info);
- A macro used to change or retrieve various information about a client
object. req indicates the type of operation, and info is a
pointer to the information. For both UDP and TCP, the supported values of
req and their argument types and what they do are:
-
CLSET_TIMEOUT struct timeval // set total timeout
CLGET_TIMEOUT struct timeval // get total timeout
- Note: if you set the timeout using clnt_control(), the timeout
parameter passed to clnt_call() will be ignored in all future
calls.
-
CLGET_SERVER_ADDR struct sockaddr_in // get server's address
- The following operations are valid for UDP only:
-
CLSET_RETRY_TIMEOUT struct timeval // set the retry timeout
CLGET_RETRY_TIMEOUT struct timeval // get the retry timeout
- The retry timeout is the time that "UDP RPC" waits for the
server to reply before retransmitting the request.
clnt_freeres(CLIENT * clnt, xdrproc_t outproc, char *out);
- A macro that frees any data allocated by the RPC/XDR system when it
decoded the results of an RPC call. The parameter out is the
address of the results, and outproc is the XDR routine describing
the results. This routine returns one if the results were successfully
freed, and zero otherwise.
void clnt_geterr(CLIENT *clnt, struct rpc_err *errp);
- A macro that copies the error structure out of the client handle to the
structure at address errp.
void clnt_pcreateerror(char *s);
- Print a message to standard error indicating why a client RPC handle could
not be created. The message is prepended with string s and a colon.
Used when a clnt_create(), clntraw_create(),
clnttcp_create(), or clntudp_create() call fails.
void clnt_perrno(enum clnt_stat stat);
- Print a message to standard error corresponding to the condition indicated
by stat. Used after callrpc().
clnt_perror(CLIENT *clnt, char *s);
- Print a message to standard error indicating why an RPC call failed;
clnt is the handle used to do the call. The message is prepended
with string s and a colon. Used after clnt_call().
char *clnt_spcreateerror(char *s);
- Like clnt_pcreateerror(), except that it returns a string instead
of printing to the standard error.
- Bugs: returns pointer to static data that is overwritten on each
call.
char *clnt_sperrno(enum clnt_stat stat);
- Take the same arguments as clnt_perrno(), but instead of sending a
message to the standard error indicating why an RPC call failed, return a
pointer to a string which contains the message. The string ends with a
NEWLINE.
- clnt_sperrno() is used instead of clnt_perrno() if the
program does not have a standard error (as a program running as a server
quite likely does not), or if the programmer does not want the message to
be output with printf(3), or if a message format different than
that supported by clnt_perrno() is to be used. Note: unlike
clnt_sperror() and clnt_spcreateerror(),
clnt_sperrno() returns pointer to static data, but the result will
not get overwritten on each call.
char *clnt_sperror(CLIENT *rpch, char *s);
- Like clnt_perror(), except that (like clnt_sperrno()) it
returns a string instead of printing to standard error.
- Bugs: returns pointer to static data that is overwritten on each
call.
CLIENT *clntraw_create(unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum);
- This routine creates a toy RPC client for the remote program
prognum, version versnum. The transport used to pass
messages to the service is actually a buffer within the process's address
space, so the corresponding RPC server should live in the same address
space; see svcraw_create(). This allows simulation of RPC and
acquisition of RPC overheads, such as round trip times, without any kernel
interference. This routine returns NULL if it fails.
CLIENT *clnttcp_create(struct sockaddr_in *addr,
unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum,
int *sockp, unsigned int sendsz, unsigned int recvsz);
- This routine creates an RPC client for the remote program prognum,
version versnum; the client uses TCP/IP as a transport. The remote
program is located at Internet address *addr. If
addr->sin_port is zero, then it is set to the actual port that
the remote program is listening on (the remote portmap service is
consulted for this information). The parameter sockp is a socket;
if it is RPC_ANYSOCK, then this routine opens a new one and sets
sockp. Since TCP-based RPC uses buffered I/O, the user may specify
the size of the send and receive buffers with the parameters sendsz
and recvsz; values of zero choose suitable defaults. This routine
returns NULL if it fails.
CLIENT *clntudp_create(struct sockaddr_in *addr,
unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum,
struct timeval wait, int *sockp);
- This routine creates an RPC client for the remote program prognum,
version versnum; the client uses use UDP/IP as a transport. The
remote program is located at Internet address addr. If
addr->sin_port is zero, then it is set to actual port that the
remote program is listening on (the remote portmap service is
consulted for this information). The parameter sockp is a socket;
if it is RPC_ANYSOCK, then this routine opens a new one and sets
sockp. The UDP transport resends the call message in intervals of
wait time until a response is received or until the call times out.
The total time for the call to time out is specified by
clnt_call().
- Warning: since UDP-based RPC messages can hold only up to 8 Kbytes of
encoded data, this transport cannot be used for procedures that take large
arguments or return huge results.
CLIENT *clntudp_bufcreate(struct sockaddr_in *addr,
unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum,
struct timeval wait, int *sockp,
unsigned int sendsize, unsigned int recosize);
- This routine creates an RPC client for the remote program prognum,
on versnum; the client uses use UDP/IP as a transport. The remote
program is located at Internet address addr. If
addr->sin_port is zero, then it is set to actual port that the
remote program is listening on (the remote portmap service is
consulted for this information). The parameter sockp is a socket;
if it is RPC_ANYSOCK, then this routine opens a new one and sets
sockp. The UDP transport resends the call message in intervals of
wait time until a response is received or until the call times out.
The total time for the call to time out is specified by
clnt_call().
- This allows the user to specify the maximum packet size for sending and
receiving UDP-based RPC messages.
void get_myaddress(struct sockaddr_in *addr);
- Stuff the machine's IP address into *addr, without consulting the
library routines that deal with /etc/hosts. The port number is
always set to htons(PMAPPORT).
struct pmaplist *pmap_getmaps(struct sockaddr_in *addr);
- A user interface to the portmap service, which returns a list of
the current RPC program-to-port mappings on the host located at IP address
*addr. This routine can return NULL. The command
rpcinfo -p uses this routine.
unsigned short pmap_getport(struct sockaddr_in *addr,
unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum,
unsigned int protocol);
- A user interface to the portmap service, which returns the port
number on which waits a service that supports program number
prognum, version versnum, and speaks the transport protocol
associated with protocol. The value of protocol is most
likely IPPROTO_UDP or IPPROTO_TCP. A return value of zero
means that the mapping does not exist or that the RPC system failed to
contact the remote portmap service. In the latter case, the global
variable rpc_createerr contains the RPC status.
enum clnt_stat pmap_rmtcall(struct sockaddr_in *addr,
unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum,
unsigned long procnum,
xdrproc_t inproc, char *in,
xdrproc_t outproc, char *out,
struct timeval tout, unsigned long *portp);
- A user interface to the portmap service, which instructs
portmap on the host at IP address *addr to make an RPC call
on your behalf to a procedure on that host. The parameter *portp
will be modified to the program's port number if the procedure succeeds.
The definitions of other parameters are discussed in callrpc() and
clnt_call(). This procedure should be used for a
“ping” and nothing else. See also
clnt_broadcast().
bool_t pmap_set(unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum,
unsigned int protocol, unsigned short port);
- A user interface to the portmap service, which establishes a
mapping between the triple [prognum,versnum,protocol]
and port on the machine's portmap service. The value of
protocol is most likely IPPROTO_UDP or IPPROTO_TCP.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise. Automatically
done by svc_register().
bool_t pmap_unset(unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum);
- A user interface to the portmap service, which destroys all mapping
between the triple [prognum,versnum,*] and
ports on the machine's portmap service. This routine returns
one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
int registerrpc(unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum,
unsigned long procnum, char *(*procname)(char *),
xdrproc_t inproc, xdrproc_t outproc);
- Register procedure procname with the RPC service package. If a
request arrives for program prognum, version versnum, and
procedure procnum, procname is called with a pointer to its
parameter(s); procname should return a pointer to its static
result(s); inproc is used to decode the parameters while
outproc is used to encode the results. This routine returns zero if
the registration succeeded, -1 otherwise.
- Warning: remote procedures registered in this form are accessed using the
UDP/IP transport; see svcudp_create() for restrictions.
struct rpc_createerr rpc_createerr;
- A global variable whose value is set by any RPC client creation routine
that does not succeed. Use the routine clnt_pcreateerror() to print
the reason why.
void svc_destroy(SVCXPRT *xprt);
- A macro that destroys the RPC service transport handle, xprt.
Destruction usually involves deallocation of private data structures,
including xprt itself. Use of xprt is undefined after
calling this routine.
fd_set svc_fdset;
- A global variable reflecting the RPC service side's read file descriptor
bit mask; it is suitable as a parameter to the select(2) system
call. This is of interest only if a service implementor does their own
asynchronous event processing, instead of calling svc_run(). This
variable is read-only (do not pass its address to select(2)!), yet
it may change after calls to svc_getreqset() or any creation
routines.
int svc_fds;
- Similar to svc_fdset, but limited to 32 file descriptors. This
interface is obsoleted by svc_fdset.
svc_freeargs(SVCXPRT *xprt, xdrproc_t inproc, char *in);
- A macro that frees any data allocated by the RPC/XDR system when it
decoded the arguments to a service procedure using svc_getargs().
This routine returns 1 if the results were successfully freed, and zero
otherwise.
svc_getargs(SVCXPRT *xprt, xdrproc_t inproc, char *in);
- A macro that decodes the arguments of an RPC request associated with the
RPC service transport handle, xprt. The parameter in is the
address where the arguments will be placed; inproc is the XDR
routine used to decode the arguments. This routine returns one if decoding
succeeds, and zero otherwise.
struct sockaddr_in *svc_getcaller(SVCXPRT *xprt);
- The approved way of getting the network address of the caller of a
procedure associated with the RPC service transport handle,
xprt.
void svc_getreqset(fd_set *rdfds);
- This routine is of interest only if a service implementor does not call
svc_run(), but instead implements custom asynchronous event
processing. It is called when the select(2) system call has
determined that an RPC request has arrived on some RPC socket(s);
rdfds is the resultant read file descriptor bit mask. The routine
returns when all sockets associated with the value of rdfds have
been serviced.
void svc_getreq(int rdfds);
- Similar to svc_getreqset(), but limited to 32 file descriptors.
This interface is obsoleted by svc_getreqset().
bool_t svc_register(SVCXPRT *xprt, unsigned long prognum,
unsigned long versnum,
void (*dispatch)(svc_req *, SVCXPRT *),
unsigned long protocol);
- Associates prognum and versnum with the service dispatch
procedure, dispatch. If protocol is zero, the service is not
registered with the portmap service. If protocol is nonzero,
then a mapping of the triple
[prognum,versnum,protocol] to xprt->xp_port
is established with the local portmap service (generally
protocol is zero, IPPROTO_UDP or IPPROTO_TCP). The
procedure dispatch has the following form:
-
dispatch(struct svc_req *request, SVCXPRT *xprt);
- The svc_register() routine returns one if it succeeds, and zero
otherwise.
void svc_run(void);
- This routine never returns. It waits for RPC requests to arrive, and calls
the appropriate service procedure using svc_getreq() when one
arrives. This procedure is usually waiting for a select(2) system
call to return.
bool_t svc_sendreply(SVCXPRT *xprt, xdrproc_t outproc, char *out);
- Called by an RPC service's dispatch routine to send the results of a
remote procedure call. The parameter xprt is the request's
associated transport handle; outproc is the XDR routine which is
used to encode the results; and out is the address of the results.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
void svc_unregister(unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum);
- Remove all mapping of the double [prognum,versnum] to
dispatch routines, and of the triple
[prognum,versnum,*] to port number.
void svcerr_auth(SVCXPRT *xprt, enum auth_stat why);
- Called by a service dispatch routine that refuses to perform a remote
procedure call due to an authentication error.
void svcerr_decode(SVCXPRT *xprt);
- Called by a service dispatch routine that cannot successfully decode its
parameters. See also svc_getargs().
void svcerr_noproc(SVCXPRT *xprt);
- Called by a service dispatch routine that does not implement the procedure
number that the caller requests.
void svcerr_noprog(SVCXPRT *xprt);
- Called when the desired program is not registered with the RPC package.
Service implementors usually do not need this routine.
void svcerr_progvers(SVCXPRT *xprt);
- Called when the desired version of a program is not registered with the
RPC package. Service implementors usually do not need this routine.
void svcerr_systemerr(SVCXPRT *xprt);
- Called by a service dispatch routine when it detects a system error not
covered by any particular protocol. For example, if a service can no
longer allocate storage, it may call this routine.
void svcerr_weakauth(SVCXPRT *xprt);
- Called by a service dispatch routine that refuses to perform a remote
procedure call due to insufficient authentication parameters. The routine
calls svcerr_auth(xprt, AUTH_TOOWEAK).
SVCXPRT *svcfd_create(int fd, unsigned int sendsize,
unsigned int recvsize);
- Create a service on top of any open file descriptor. Typically, this file
descriptor is a connected socket for a stream protocol such as TCP.
sendsize and recvsize indicate sizes for the send and
receive buffers. If they are zero, a reasonable default is chosen.
SVCXPRT *svcraw_create(void);
- This routine creates a toy RPC service transport, to which it returns a
pointer. The transport is really a buffer within the process's address
space, so the corresponding RPC client should live in the same address
space; see clntraw_create(). This routine allows simulation of RPC
and acquisition of RPC overheads (such as round trip times), without any
kernel interference. This routine returns NULL if it fails.
SVCXPRT *svctcp_create(int sock, unsigned int send_buf_size,
unsigned int recv_buf_size);
- This routine creates a TCP/IP-based RPC service transport, to which it
returns a pointer. The transport is associated with the socket
sock, which may be RPC_ANYSOCK, in which case a new socket
is created. If the socket is not bound to a local TCP port, then this
routine binds it to an arbitrary port. Upon completion,
xprt->xp_sock is the transport's socket descriptor, and
xprt->xp_port is the transport's port number. This routine
returns NULL if it fails. Since TCP-based RPC uses buffered I/O, users may
specify the size of buffers; values of zero choose suitable defaults.
SVCXPRT *svcudp_bufcreate(int sock, unsigned int sendsize,
unsigned int recosize);
- This routine creates a UDP/IP-based RPC service transport, to which it
returns a pointer. The transport is associated with the socket
sock, which may be RPC_ANYSOCK, in which case a new socket
is created. If the socket is not bound to a local UDP port, then this
routine binds it to an arbitrary port. Upon completion,
xprt->xp_sock is the transport's socket descriptor, and
xprt->xp_port is the transport's port number. This routine
returns NULL if it fails.
- This allows the user to specify the maximum packet size for sending and
receiving UDP-based RPC messages.
SVCXPRT *svcudp_create(int sock);
- This call is equivalent to svcudp_bufcreate(sock,SZ,SZ) for some
default size SZ.
bool_t xdr_accepted_reply(XDR *xdrs, struct accepted_reply *ar);
- Used for encoding RPC reply messages. This routine is useful for users who
wish to generate RPC-style messages without using the RPC package.
bool_t xdr_authunix_parms(XDR *xdrs, struct authunix_parms *aupp);
- Used for describing UNIX credentials. This routine is useful for users who
wish to generate these credentials without using the RPC authentication
package.
void xdr_callhdr(XDR *xdrs, struct rpc_msg *chdr);
- Used for describing RPC call header messages. This routine is useful for
users who wish to generate RPC-style messages without using the RPC
package.
bool_t xdr_callmsg(XDR *xdrs, struct rpc_msg *cmsg);
- Used for describing RPC call messages. This routine is useful for users
who wish to generate RPC-style messages without using the RPC
package.
bool_t xdr_opaque_auth(XDR *xdrs, struct opaque_auth *ap);
- Used for describing RPC authentication information messages. This routine
is useful for users who wish to generate RPC-style messages without using
the RPC package.
bool_t xdr_pmap(XDR *xdrs, struct pmap *regs);
- Used for describing parameters to various portmap procedures,
externally. This routine is useful for users who wish to generate these
parameters without using the pmap interface.
bool_t xdr_pmaplist(XDR *xdrs, struct pmaplist **rp);
- Used for describing a list of port mappings, externally. This routine is
useful for users who wish to generate these parameters without using the
pmap interface.
bool_t xdr_rejected_reply(XDR *xdrs, struct rejected_reply *rr);
- Used for describing RPC reply messages. This routine is useful for users
who wish to generate RPC-style messages without using the RPC
package.
bool_t xdr_replymsg(XDR *xdrs, struct rpc_msg *rmsg);
- Used for describing RPC reply messages. This routine is useful for users
who wish to generate RPC style messages without using the RPC
package.
void xprt_register(SVCXPRT *xprt);
- After RPC service transport handles are created, they should register
themselves with the RPC service package. This routine modifies the global
variable svc_fds. Service implementors usually do not need this
routine.
void xprt_unregister(SVCXPRT *xprt);
- Before an RPC service transport handle is destroyed, it should unregister
itself with the RPC service package. This routine modifies the global
variable svc_fds. Service implementors usually do not need this
routine.