CHPASSWD(8) | 系统管理命令 | CHPASSWD(8) |
chpasswd - 批量更新密码
chpasswd [选项]
The chpasswd command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users. Each line is of the format:
user_name:password
By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are encrypted by chpasswd. Also the password age will be updated, if present.
By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) you can select a different encryption method with the -e, -m, or -c options.
Except when PAM is used to encrypt the passwords, chpasswd first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user.
When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in the system database) then if a password cannot be updated chpasswd continues updating the passwords of the next users, and will return an error code on exit.
此命令一般用于需要一次创建很多用户的大型系统。
The options which apply to the chpasswd command are:
-c, --crypt-method METHOD
可用的方法有 DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 或 SHA512,前提是您的 libc 支持这写方法。
默认,使用 PAM 来加密密码。
-e, --encrypted
-h, --help
-m, --md5
-R, --root CHROOT_DIR
-s, --sha-rounds ROUNDS
值 0 表示让系统为加密方法选择默认的轮转次数 (5000)。
会强制最小 1,000,最大 9,9999,9999
您只可以对 SHA256 或 SHA512 使用此选项。
By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in /etc/login.defs.
记住要设置权限或者掩码来阻止其它用户对未加密文件的读取。
The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:
SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS (number), SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS (number)
使用很多轮转,会让暴力破解更加困难。但是需要注意,认证用户时也会需要更多的 CPU 资源。
如果没有指定,libc 会选择默认的轮转数(5000)。
值必须在 1000 - 999,999,999 之间。
If only one of the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS or SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS values is set, then this value will be used.
If SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS > SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS, the highest value will be used.
注意:这只影响组密码的产生。用户密码的产生是由 PAM 和 PAM 配置负责的。建议设置此变量和 PAM 配置一致。
/etc/passwd
/etc/shadow
/etc/login.defs
/etc/pam.d/chpasswd
2020-02-07 | shadow-utils 4.8.1 |