ttk::entry - Editable text field widget
ttk::entry pathName ?options?
An ttk::entry widget displays a one-line text string and
allows that string to be edited by the user. The value of the string may be
linked to a Tcl variable with the -textvariable option. Entry widgets
support horizontal scrolling with the standard -xscrollcommand option
and xview widget command.
-class -cursor
-font -foreground
-style
-takefocus -xscrollcommand
See the ttk_widget manual entry for details on the standard
options.
Command-Line Name: -exportselection
Database Name: exportSelection
Database Class: ExportSelection
- A boolean value specifying whether or not a selection in the widget should
be linked to the X selection. If the selection is exported, then selecting
in the widget deselects the current X selection, selecting outside the
widget deselects any widget selection, and the widget will respond to
selection retrieval requests when it has a selection.
Command-Line Name: -invalidcommand
Database Name: invalidCommand
Database Class: InvalidCommand
- A script template to evaluate whenever the -validatecommand returns
0. See VALIDATION below for more information.
Command-Line Name: -justify
Database Name: justify
Database Class: Justify
- Specifies how the text is aligned within the entry widget. One of
left, center, or right.
Command-Line Name: -show
Database Name: show
Database Class: Show
- If this option is specified, then the true contents of the entry are not
displayed in the window. Instead, each character in the entry's value will
be displayed as the first character in the value of this option, such as
“*” or a bullet. This is useful, for example, if the entry
is to be used to enter a password. If characters in the entry are selected
and copied elsewhere, the information copied will be what is displayed,
not the true contents of the entry.
Command-Line Name: -state
Database Name: state
Database Class: State
- Compatibility option; see ttk::widget(3tk) for details. Specifies
one of three states for the entry, normal, disabled, or
readonly. See WIDGET STATES, below.
Command-Line Name: -textvariable
Database Name: textVariable
Database Class: Variable
- Specifies the name of a global variable whose value is linked to the entry
widget's contents. Whenever the variable changes value, the widget's
contents are updated, and vice versa.
Command-Line Name: -validate
Database Name: validate
Database Class: Validate
- Specifies the mode in which validation should operate: none,
focus, focusin, focusout, key, or all.
Default is none, meaning that validation is disabled. See
VALIDATION below.
Command-Line Name: -validatecommand
Database Name: validateCommand
Database Class: ValidateCommand
- A script template to evaluate whenever validation is triggered. If set to
the empty string (the default), validation is disabled. The script must
return a boolean value. See VALIDATION below.
Command-Line Name: -width
Database Name: width
Database Class: Width
- Specifies an integer value indicating the desired width of the entry
window, in average-size characters of the widget's font.
A portion of the entry may be selected as described below. If an
entry is exporting its selection (see the -exportselection option),
then it will observe the standard X11 protocols for handling the selection;
entry selections are available as type STRING. Entries also observe
the standard Tk rules for dealing with the input focus. When an entry has
the input focus it displays an insert cursor to indicate where new
characters will be inserted.
Entries are capable of displaying strings that are too long to fit
entirely within the widget's window. In this case, only a portion of the
string will be displayed; commands described below may be used to change the
view in the window. Entries use the standard -xscrollcommand
mechanism for interacting with scrollbars (see the description of the
-xscrollcommand option for details).
Many of the entry widget commands take one or more indices
as arguments. An index specifies a particular character in the entry's
string, in any of the following ways:
- number
- Specifies the character as a numerical index, where 0 corresponds to the
first character in the string.
- @number
- In this form, number is treated as an x-coordinate in the entry's
window; the character spanning that x-coordinate is used. For example,
“@0” indicates the left-most character in the
window.
- end
- Indicates the character just after the last one in the entry's string.
This is equivalent to specifying a numerical index equal to the length of
the entry's string.
- insert
- Indicates the character adjacent to and immediately following the insert
cursor.
- sel.first
- Indicates the first character in the selection. It is an error to use this
form if the selection is not in the entry window.
- sel.last
- Indicates the character just after the last one in the selection. It is an
error to use this form if the selection is not in the entry window.
Abbreviations may be used for any of the forms above, e.g.
“e” or “sel.l”. In general,
out-of-range indices are automatically rounded to the nearest legal
value.
The following subcommands are possible for entry widgets:
- pathName
bbox index
- Returns a list of four numbers describing the bounding box of the
character given by index. The first two elements of the list give
the x and y coordinates of the upper-left corner of the screen area
covered by the character (in pixels relative to the widget) and the last
two elements give the width and height of the character, in pixels. The
bounding box may refer to a region outside the visible area of the
window.
- pathName
delete first ?last?
- Delete one or more elements of the entry. First is the index of the
first character to delete, and last is the index of the character
just after the last one to delete. If last is not specified it
defaults to first+1, i.e. a single character is deleted. This
command returns the empty string.
- pathName
get
- Returns the entry's string.
- pathName
icursor index
- Arrange for the insert cursor to be displayed just before the character
given by index. Returns the empty string.
- pathName
index index
- Returns the numerical index corresponding to index.
- pathName
insert index string
- Insert string just before the character indicated by index.
Returns the empty string.
- pathName
selection option arg
- This command is used to adjust the selection within an entry. It has
several forms, depending on option:
- pathName
selection clear
- Clear the selection if it is currently in this widget. If the selection is
not in this widget then the command has no effect. Returns the empty
string.
- pathName
selection present
- Returns 1 if there is are characters selected in the entry, 0 if nothing
is selected.
- pathName
selection range start end
- Sets the selection to include the characters starting with the one indexed
by start and ending with the one just before end. If
end refers to the same character as start or an earlier one,
then the entry's selection is cleared.
- pathName
validate
- Force revalidation, independent of the conditions specified by the
-validate option. Returns 0 if validation fails, 1 if it succeeds.
Sets or clears the invalid state accordingly. See VALIDATION
below for more details.
The entry widget also supports the following generic
ttk::widget widget subcommands (see ttk::widget(3tk) for
details):
cget configure identify
instate state xview
The -validate, -validatecommand, and
-invalidcommand options are used to enable entry widget
validation.
There are two main validation modes: prevalidation, in
which the -validatecommand is evaluated prior to each edit and the
return value is used to determine whether to accept or reject the change;
and revalidation, in which the -validatecommand is evaluated
to determine whether the current value is valid.
The -validate option determines when validation occurs; it
may be set to any of the following values:
- none
- Default. This means validation will only occur when specifically requested
by the validate widget command.
- key
- The entry will be prevalidated prior to each edit (specifically, whenever
the insert or delete widget commands are called). If
prevalidation fails, the edit is rejected.
- focus
- The entry is revalidated when the entry receives or loses focus.
- focusin
- The entry is revalidated when the entry receives focus.
- focusout
- The entry is revalidated when the entry loses focus.
- all
- Validation is performed for all above conditions.
The -invalidcommand is evaluated whenever the
-validatecommand returns a false value.
The -validatecommand and -invalidcommand may modify
the entry widget's value via the widget insert or delete
commands, or by setting the linked -textvariable. If either does so
during prevalidation, then the edit is rejected regardless of the value
returned by the -validatecommand.
If -validatecommand is empty (the default), validation
always succeeds.
It is possible to perform percent substitutions on the
-validatecommand and -invalidcommand, just as in a bind
script. The following substitutions are recognized:
- %d
- Type of action: 1 for insert prevalidation, 0 for delete
prevalidation, or -1 for revalidation.
- %i
- Index of character string to be inserted/deleted, if any, otherwise
-1.
- %P
- In prevalidation, the new value of the entry if the edit is accepted. In
revalidation, the current value of the entry.
- %s
- The current value of entry prior to editing.
- %S
- The text string being inserted/deleted, if any, {} otherwise.
- %v
- The current value of the -validate option.
- %V
- The validation condition that triggered the callback (key,
focusin, focusout, or forced).
- %W
- The name of the entry widget.
The standard Tk entry widget automatically disables validation (by
setting -validate to none) if the -validatecommand or
-invalidcommand modifies the entry's value. The Tk themed entry
widget only disables validation if one of the validation scripts raises an
error, or if -validatecommand does not return a valid boolean value.
(Thus, it is not necessary to re-enable validation after modifying the entry
value in a validation script).
In addition, the standard entry widget invokes validation whenever
the linked -textvariable is modified; the Tk themed entry widget does
not.
The entry widget's default bindings enable the following behavior.
In the descriptions below, “word” refers to a contiguous group
of letters, digits, or “_” characters, or any single character
other than these.
- •
- Clicking mouse button 1 positions the insert cursor just before the
character underneath the mouse cursor, sets the input focus to this
widget, and clears any selection in the widget. Dragging with mouse button
1 down strokes out a selection between the insert cursor and the character
under the mouse.
- •
- Double-clicking with mouse button 1 selects the word under the mouse and
positions the insert cursor at the end of the word. Dragging after a
double click strokes out a selection consisting of whole words.
- •
- Triple-clicking with mouse button 1 selects all of the text in the entry
and positions the insert cursor at the end of the line.
- •
- The ends of the selection can be adjusted by dragging with mouse button 1
while the Shift key is down. If the button is double-clicked before
dragging then the selection will be adjusted in units of whole words.
- •
- Clicking mouse button 1 with the Control key down will position the insert
cursor in the entry without affecting the selection.
- •
- If any normal printing characters are typed in an entry, they are inserted
at the point of the insert cursor.
- •
- The view in the entry can be adjusted by dragging with the middle mouse
button (button 2, or button 3 in TkAqua). If the middle mouse button is
clicked without moving the mouse, the selection is copied into the entry
at the position of the mouse cursor.
- •
- If the mouse is dragged out of the entry on the left or right sides while
button 1 is pressed, the entry will automatically scroll to make more text
visible (if there is more text off-screen on the side where the mouse left
the window).
- •
- The Left and Right keys move the insert cursor one character to the left
or right; they also clear any selection in the entry. If Left or Right is
typed with the Shift key down, then the insertion cursor moves and the
selection is extended to include the new character. Control-Left and
Control-Right move the insert cursor by words, and Control-Shift-Left and
Control-Shift-Right move the insert cursor by words and also extend the
selection. Control-b and Control-f behave the same as Left and Right,
respectively.
- •
- The Home key and Control-a move the insert cursor to the beginning of the
entry and clear any selection in the entry. Shift-Home moves the insert
cursor to the beginning of the entry and extends the selection to that
point.
- •
- The End key and Control-e move the insert cursor to the end of the entry
and clear any selection in the entry. Shift-End moves the cursor to the
end and extends the selection to that point.
- •
- Control-/ selects all the text in the entry.
- •
- Control-\ clears any selection in the entry.
- •
- The standard Tk <<Cut>>, <<Copy>>,
<<Paste>>, and <<Clear>> virtual events operate on
the selection in the expected manner.
- •
- The Delete key deletes the selection, if there is one in the entry. If
there is no selection, it deletes the character to the right of the insert
cursor.
- •
- The BackSpace key and Control-h delete the selection, if there is one in
the entry. If there is no selection, it deletes the character to the left
of the insert cursor.
- •
- Control-d deletes the character to the right of the insert cursor.
- •
- Control-k deletes all the characters to the right of the insertion
cursor.
In the disabled state, the entry cannot be edited and the
text cannot be selected. In the readonly state, no insert cursor is
displayed and the entry cannot be edited (specifically: the insert
and delete commands have no effect). The disabled state is the
same as readonly, and in addition text cannot be selected.
Note that changes to the linked -textvariable will still be
reflected in the entry, even if it is disabled or readonly.
Typically, the text is “grayed-out” in the
disabled state, and a different background is used in the
readonly state.
The entry widget sets the invalid state if revalidation
fails, and clears it whenever validation succeeds.
The class name for a ttk::entry is TEntry.
Dynamic states: disabled, focus,
readonly.
TEntry styling options configurable with ttk::style
are:
-background color
For backwards compatibility, when using the aqua theme
(for macOS), this option behaves as an alias for the -fieldbackground
provided that no value is specified for -fieldbackground. Otherwise it
is ignored.
-bordercolor color
-darkcolor color
-fieldbackground color
Some themes use a graphical background and their field
background colors cannot be changed.
-foreground color
-insertcolor color
-insertwidth amount
-lightcolor color
-padding padding
-relief relief
-selectbackground color
-selectborderwidth amount
-selectforeground color
See the ttk::style manual page for information on how to
configure ttk styles.
entry, widget, text field