wm - Communicate with window manager
The wm command is used to interact with window managers in
order to control such things as the title for a window, its geometry, or the
increments in terms of which it may be resized. The wm command can
take any of a number of different forms, depending on the option
argument. All of the forms expect at least one additional argument,
window, which must be the path name of a top-level window.
The legal forms for the wm command are:
- wm aspect window
?minNumer minDenom maxNumer maxDenom?
- If minNumer, minDenom, maxNumer, and maxDenom
are all specified, then they will be passed to the window manager and the
window manager should use them to enforce a range of acceptable aspect
ratios for window. The aspect ratio of window (width/length)
will be constrained to lie between minNumer/minDenom and
maxNumer/maxDenom. If minNumer etc. are all specified
as empty strings, then any existing aspect ratio restrictions are removed.
If minNumer etc. are specified, then the command returns an empty
string. Otherwise, it returns a Tcl list containing four elements, which
are the current values of minNumer, minDenom,
maxNumer, and maxDenom (if no aspect restrictions are in
effect, then an empty string is returned).
- wm attributes
window
- wm attributes
window ?option?
- wm attributes
window ?option value option value...?
- This subcommand returns or sets platform specific attributes associated
with a window. The first form returns a list of the platform specific
flags and their values. The second form returns the value for the specific
option. The third form sets one or more of the values. The values are as
follows:
All platforms support the following attributes (though X11 users
should see the notes below):
- -alpha
- Specifies the alpha transparency level of the toplevel. It accepts a value
from 0.0 (fully transparent) to 1.0 (opaque). Values outside
that range will be constrained. Where not supported, the -alpha
value remains at 1.0.
- -fullscreen
- Places the window in a mode that takes up the entire screen, has no
borders, and covers the general use area (i.e. Start menu and taskbar on
Windows, dock and menubar on OSX, general window decorations on X11).
- -topmost
- Specifies whether this is a topmost window (displays above all other
windows).
On Windows, the following attributes may be set.
- -disabled
- Specifies whether the window is in a disabled state.
- -toolwindow
- Specifies a toolwindow style window (as defined in the MSDN).
- -transparentcolor
- Specifies the transparent color index of the toplevel. It takes any color
value accepted by Tk_GetColor. If the empty string is specified
(default), no transparent color is used. This is supported on Windows
2000/XP+. Where not supported, the -transparentcolor value remains
at {}.
On Mac OS X, the following attributes may be set.
- -modified
- Specifies the modification state of the window (determines whether the
window close widget contains the modification indicator and whether the
proxy icon is draggable).
- -notify
- Specifies process notification state (bouncing of the application dock
icon).
- -titlepath
- Specifies the path of the file referenced as the window proxy icon (which
can be dragged and dropped in lieu of the file's finder icon).
- -transparent
- Makes the window content area transparent and turns off the window shadow.
For the transparency to be effective, the toplevel background needs to be
set to a color with some alpha, e.g.
“systemTransparent”.
On X11, the following attributes may be set. These are not
supported by all window managers, and will have no effect under older
WMs.
- -type
- Requests that the window should be interpreted by the window manager as
being of the specified type(s). This may cause the window to be decorated
in a different way or otherwise managed differently, though exactly what
happens is entirely up to the window manager. A list of types may be used,
in order of preference. The following values are mapped to constants
defined in the EWMH specification (using others is possible, but not
advised):
- desktop
- indicates a desktop feature,
- dock
- indicates a dock/panel feature,
- toolbar
- indicates a toolbar window that should be acting on behalf of another
window, as indicated with wm transient,
- indicates a torn-off menu that should be acting on behalf of another
window, as indicated with wm transient,
- utility
- indicates a utility window (e.g., palette or toolbox) that should be
acting on behalf of another window, as indicated with wm
transient,
- splash
- indicates a splash screen, displayed during application start up,
- dialog
- indicates a general dialog window, that should be acting on behalf of
another window, as indicated with wm transient,
- indicates a menu summoned from a menu bar, which should usually also be
set to be override-redirected (with wm overrideredirect),
- indicates a popup menu, which should usually also be set to be
override-redirected (with wm overrideredirect),
- tooltip
- indicates a tooltip window, which should usually also be set to be
override-redirected (with wm overrideredirect),
- notification
- indicates a window that provides a background notification of some event,
which should usually also be set to be override-redirected (with wm
overrideredirect),
- combo
- indicates the drop-down list of a combobox widget, which should usually
also be set to be override-redirected (with wm
overrideredirect),
- dnd
- indicates a window that represents something being dragged, which should
usually also be set to be override-redirected (with wm
overrideredirect),
- normal
- indicates a window that has no special interpretation.
- -zoomed
- Requests that the window should be maximized. This is the same as wm
state zoomed on Windows and Mac OS X.
On X11, changes to window attributes are performed asynchronously.
Querying the value of an attribute returns the current state, which will not
be the same as the value most recently set if the window manager has not yet
processed the request or if it does not support the attribute.
- wm client window
?name?
- If name is specified, this command stores name (which should
be the name of the host on which the application is executing) in
window's WM_CLIENT_MACHINE property for use by the window
manager or session manager. The command returns an empty string in this
case. If name is not specified, the command returns the last name
set in a wm client command for window. If name is
specified as an empty string, the command deletes the
WM_CLIENT_MACHINE property from window.
- wm colormapwindows
window ?windowList?
- This command is used to manipulate the WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS
property, which provides information to the window managers about windows
that have private colormaps.
If windowList is not specified, the command returns a list
whose elements are the names of the windows in the
WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS property. If windowList is specified, it
consists of a list of window path names; the command overwrites the
WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS property with the given windows and returns an
empty string. The WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS property should normally
contain a list of the internal windows within window whose colormaps
differ from their parents.
The order of the windows in the property indicates a priority
order: the window manager will attempt to install as many colormaps as
possible from the head of this list when window gets the colormap
focus. If window is not included among the windows in
windowList, Tk implicitly adds it at the end of the
WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS property, so that its colormap is lowest in
priority. If wm colormapwindows is not invoked, Tk will automatically
set the property for each top-level window to all the internal windows whose
colormaps differ from their parents, followed by the top-level itself; the
order of the internal windows is undefined. See the ICCCM documentation for
more information on the WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS property.
- wm command
window ?value?
- If value is specified, this command stores value in
window's WM_COMMAND property for use by the window manager
or session manager and returns an empty string. Value must have
proper list structure; the elements should contain the words of the
command used to invoke the application. If value is not specified
then the command returns the last value set in a wm command command
for window. If value is specified as an empty string, the
command deletes the WM_COMMAND property from window.
- wm deiconify
window
- Arrange for window to be displayed in normal (non-iconified) form.
This is done by mapping the window. If the window has never been mapped
then this command will not map the window, but it will ensure that when
the window is first mapped it will be displayed in de-iconified form. On
Windows, a deiconified window will also be raised and be given the focus
(made the active window). Returns an empty string.
- wm focusmodel
window ?active|passive?
- If active or passive is supplied as an optional argument to
the command, then it specifies the focus model for window. In this
case the command returns an empty string. If no additional argument is
supplied, then the command returns the current focus model for
window.
An active focus model means that window will claim
the input focus for itself or its descendants, even at times when the focus
is currently in some other application. Passive means that
window will never claim the focus for itself: the window manager
should give the focus to window at appropriate times. However, once
the focus has been given to window or one of its descendants, the
application may re-assign the focus among window's descendants. The
focus model defaults to passive, and Tk's focus command
assumes a passive model of focusing.
- wm forget
window
- The window will be unmapped from the screen and will no longer be
managed by wm. Windows created with the toplevel command
will be treated like frame windows once they are no longer managed
by wm, however, the -menu configuration will be remembered
and the menus will return once the widget is managed again.
- wm frame
window
- If window has been reparented by the window manager into a
decorative frame, the command returns the platform specific window
identifier for the outermost frame that contains window (the window
whose parent is the root or virtual root). If window has not been
reparented by the window manager then the command returns the platform
specific window identifier for window.
- wm geometry
window ?newGeometry?
- If newGeometry is specified, then the geometry of window is
changed and an empty string is returned. Otherwise the current geometry
for window is returned (this is the most recent geometry specified
either by manual resizing or in a wm geometry command).
NewGeometry has the form
=widthxheight±x±y,
where any of =, widthxheight, or
±x±y may be omitted.
Width and height are positive integers specifying the
desired dimensions of window. If window is gridded (see
GRIDDED GEOMETRY MANAGEMENT below) then the dimensions are
specified in grid units; otherwise they are specified in pixel units.
X and y specify the desired location of
window on the screen, in pixels. If x is preceded by +,
it specifies the number of pixels between the left edge of the screen and
the left edge of window's border; if preceded by - then
x specifies the number of pixels between the right edge of the screen
and the right edge of window's border. If y is preceded by
+ then it specifies the number of pixels between the top of the
screen and the top of window's border; if y is preceded by
- then it specifies the number of pixels between the bottom of
window's border and the bottom of the screen.
If newGeometry is specified as an empty string then any
existing user-specified geometry for window is cancelled, and the
window will revert to the size requested internally by its widgets.
Note that this is related to winfo geometry, but not the
same. That can only query the geometry, and always reflects Tk's current
understanding of the actual size and location of window, whereas
wm geometry allows both setting and querying of the window
manager's understanding of the size and location of the window. This can
vary significantly, for example to reflect the addition of decorative
elements to window such as title bars, and window managers are not
required to precisely follow the requests made through this command.
- wm grid window
?baseWidth baseHeight widthInc heightInc?
- This command indicates that window is to be managed as a gridded
window. It also specifies the relationship between grid units and pixel
units. BaseWidth and baseHeight specify the number of grid
units corresponding to the pixel dimensions requested internally by
window using Tk_GeometryRequest. WidthInc and
heightInc specify the number of pixels in each horizontal and
vertical grid unit. These four values determine a range of acceptable
sizes for window, corresponding to grid-based widths and heights
that are non-negative integers. Tk will pass this information to the
window manager; during manual resizing, the window manager will restrict
the window's size to one of these acceptable sizes.
Furthermore, during manual resizing the window manager will
display the window's current size in terms of grid units rather than pixels.
If baseWidth etc. are all specified as empty strings, then
window will no longer be managed as a gridded window. If
baseWidth etc. are specified then the return value is an empty
string.
Otherwise the return value is a Tcl list containing four elements
corresponding to the current baseWidth, baseHeight,
widthInc, and heightInc; if window is not currently
gridded, then an empty string is returned.
Note: this command should not be needed very often, since the
Tk_SetGrid library procedure and the setGrid option provide
easier access to the same functionality.
- wm group
window ?pathName?
- If pathName is specified, it gives the path name for the leader of
a group of related windows. The window manager may use this information,
for example, to unmap all of the windows in a group when the group's
leader is iconified. PathName may be specified as an empty string
to remove window from any group association. If pathName is
specified then the command returns an empty string; otherwise it returns
the path name of window's current group leader, or an empty string
if window is not part of any group.
- wm iconbitmap
window ?bitmap?
- If bitmap is specified, then it names a bitmap in the standard
forms accepted by Tk (see the Tk_GetBitmap manual entry for
details). This bitmap is passed to the window manager to be displayed in
window's icon, and the command returns an empty string. If an empty
string is specified for bitmap, then any current icon bitmap is
cancelled for window. If bitmap is specified then the
command returns an empty string. Otherwise it returns the name of the
current icon bitmap associated with window, or an empty string if
window has no icon bitmap. On the Windows operating system, an
additional flag is supported:
- wm iconbitmap
window ?-default? ?image?
- If the -default flag is given, the icon is applied to all toplevel
windows (existing and future) to which no other specific icon has yet been
applied. In addition to bitmap image types, a full path specification to
any file which contains a valid Windows icon is also accepted (usually
.ico or .icr files), or any file for which the shell has assigned an icon.
Tcl will first test if the file contains an icon, then if it has an
assigned icon, and finally, if that fails, test for a bitmap.
- wm iconify
window
- Arrange for window to be iconified. It window has not yet
been mapped for the first time, this command will arrange for it to appear
in the iconified state when it is eventually mapped.
- wm iconmask
window ?bitmap?
- If bitmap is specified, then it names a bitmap in the standard
forms accepted by Tk (see the Tk_GetBitmap manual entry for
details). This bitmap is passed to the window manager to be used as a mask
in conjunction with the iconbitmap option: where the mask has
zeroes no icon will be displayed; where it has ones, the bits from the
icon bitmap will be displayed. If an empty string is specified for
bitmap then any current icon mask is cancelled for window
(this is equivalent to specifying a bitmap of all ones). If bitmap
is specified then the command returns an empty string. Otherwise it
returns the name of the current icon mask associated with window,
or an empty string if no mask is in effect.
- wm iconname
window ?newName?
- If newName is specified, then it is passed to the window manager;
the window manager should display newName inside the icon
associated with window. In this case an empty string is returned as
result. If newName is not specified then the command returns the
current icon name for window, or an empty string if no icon name
has been specified (in this case the window manager will normally display
the window's title, as specified with the wm title command).
- wm iconphoto
window ?-default? image1 ?image2
...?
- Sets the titlebar icon for window based on the named photo images.
If -default is specified, this is applied to all future created
toplevels as well. The data in the images is taken as a snapshot at the
time of invocation. If the images are later changed, this is not reflected
to the titlebar icons. Multiple images are accepted to allow different
images sizes (e.g., 16x16 and 32x32) to be provided. The window manager
may scale provided icons to an appropriate size.
On Windows, the images are packed into a Windows icon structure.
This will override an ico specified to wm iconbitmap, and vice
versa.
On X, the images are arranged into the _NET_WM_ICON X property,
which most modern window managers support. A wm iconbitmap may exist
simultaneously. It is recommended to use not more than 2 icons, placing the
larger icon first.
On Macintosh, the first image called is loaded into an OSX-native
icon format, and becomes the application icon in dialogs, the Dock, and
other contexts. At the script level the command will accept only the first
image passed in the parameters as support for multiple sizes/resolutions on
macOS is outside Tk's scope. Developers should use the largest icon they can
support (preferably 512 pixels) to ensure smooth rendering on the Mac.
- wm iconposition
window ?x y?
- If x and y are specified, they are passed to the window
manager as a hint about where to position the icon for window. In
this case an empty string is returned. If x and y are
specified as empty strings then any existing icon position hint is
cancelled. If neither x nor y is specified, then the command
returns a Tcl list containing two values, which are the current icon
position hints (if no hints are in effect then an empty string is
returned).
- wm iconwindow
window ?pathName?
- If pathName is specified, it is the path name for a window to use
as icon for window: when window is iconified then
pathName will be mapped to serve as icon, and when window is
de-iconified then pathName will be unmapped again. If
pathName is specified as an empty string then any existing icon
window association for window will be cancelled. If the
pathName argument is specified then an empty string is returned.
Otherwise the command returns the path name of the current icon window for
window, or an empty string if there is no icon window currently
specified for window. Button press events are disabled for
window as long as it is an icon window; this is needed in order to
allow window managers to “own” those events. Note: not all
window managers support the notion of an icon window.
- wm manage
widget
- The widget specified will become a stand alone top-level window.
The window will be decorated with the window managers title bar, etc. Only
frame, labelframe and toplevel widgets can be used
with this command. Attempting to pass any other widget type will raise an
error. Attempting to manage a toplevel widget is benign and
achieves nothing. See also GEOMETRY MANAGEMENT.
- wm maxsize
window ?width height?
- If width and height are specified, they give the maximum
permissible dimensions for window. For gridded windows the
dimensions are specified in grid units; otherwise they are specified in
pixel units. The window manager will restrict the window's dimensions to
be less than or equal to width and height. If width
and height are specified, then the command returns an empty string.
Otherwise it returns a Tcl list with two elements, which are the maximum
width and height currently in effect. The maximum size defaults to the
size of the screen. See the sections on geometry management below for more
information.
- wm minsize
window ?width height?
- If width and height are specified, they give the minimum
permissible dimensions for window. For gridded windows the
dimensions are specified in grid units; otherwise they are specified in
pixel units. The window manager will restrict the window's dimensions to
be greater than or equal to width and height. If
width and height are specified, then the command returns an
empty string. Otherwise it returns a Tcl list with two elements, which are
the minimum width and height currently in effect. The minimum size
defaults to one pixel in each dimension. See the sections on geometry
management below for more information.
- wm overrideredirect
window ?boolean?
- If boolean is specified, it must have a proper boolean form and the
override-redirect flag for window is set to that value. If
boolean is not specified then 1 or 0 is returned to
indicate whether or not the override-redirect flag is currently set for
window. Setting the override-redirect flag for a window causes it
to be ignored by the window manager; among other things, this means that
the window will not be reparented from the root window into a decorative
frame and the user will not be able to manipulate the window using the
normal window manager mechanisms.
Note that the override-redirect flag is only guaranteed to be
taken notice of when the window is first mapped or when mapped after the
state is changed from withdrawn to normal. Some, but not all, platforms will
take notice at additional times.
- wm positionfrom
window ?who?
- If who is specified, it must be either program or
user, or an abbreviation of one of these two. It indicates whether
window's current position was requested by the program or by the
user. Many window managers ignore program-requested initial positions and
ask the user to manually position the window; if user is specified
then the window manager should position the window at the given place
without asking the user for assistance. If who is specified as an
empty string, then the current position source is cancelled. If who
is specified, then the command returns an empty string. Otherwise it
returns user or program to indicate the source of the
window's current position, or an empty string if no source has been
specified yet. Most window managers interpret “no source” as
equivalent to program. Tk will automatically set the position
source to user when a wm geometry command is invoked, unless
the source has been set explicitly to program.
- wm protocol
window ?name? ?command?
- This command is used to manage window manager protocols such as
WM_DELETE_WINDOW. Name is the name of an atom corresponding
to a window manager protocol, such as WM_DELETE_WINDOW or
WM_SAVE_YOURSELF or WM_TAKE_FOCUS. If both name and
command are specified, then command is associated with the
protocol specified by name. Name will be added to
window's WM_PROTOCOLS property to tell the window manager
that the application has a protocol handler for name, and
command will be invoked in the future whenever the window manager
sends a message to the client for that protocol. In this case the command
returns an empty string. If name is specified but command is
not, then the current command for name is returned, or an empty
string if there is no handler defined for name. If command
is specified as an empty string then the current handler for name
is deleted and it is removed from the WM_PROTOCOLS property on
window; an empty string is returned. Lastly, if neither name
nor command is specified, the command returns a list of all the
protocols for which handlers are currently defined for window.
Tk always defines a protocol handler for WM_DELETE_WINDOW,
even if you have not asked for one with wm protocol. If a
WM_DELETE_WINDOW message arrives when you have not defined a handler,
then Tk handles the message by destroying the window for which it was
received.
- wm resizable
window ?width height?
- This command controls whether or not the user may interactively resize a
top-level window. If width and height are specified, they
are boolean values that determine whether the width and height of
window may be modified by the user. In this case the command
returns an empty string. If width and height are omitted
then the command returns a list with two 0/1 elements that indicate
whether the width and height of window are currently resizable. By
default, windows are resizable in both dimensions. If resizing is
disabled, then the window's size will be the size from the most recent
interactive resize or wm geometry command. If there has been no
such operation then the window's natural size will be used.
- wm sizefrom
window ?who?
- If who is specified, it must be either program or
user, or an abbreviation of one of these two. It indicates whether
window's current size was requested by the program or by the user.
Some window managers ignore program-requested sizes and ask the user to
manually size the window; if user is specified then the window
manager should give the window its specified size without asking the user
for assistance. If who is specified as an empty string, then the
current size source is cancelled. If who is specified, then the
command returns an empty string. Otherwise it returns user or
window to indicate the source of the window's current size, or an
empty string if no source has been specified yet. Most window managers
interpret “no source” as equivalent to program.
- wm stackorder
window ?isabove|isbelow window?
- The stackorder command returns a list of toplevel windows in
stacking order, from lowest to highest. When a single toplevel window is
passed, the returned list recursively includes all of the window's
children that are toplevels. Only those toplevels that are currently
mapped to the screen are returned. The stackorder command can also
be used to determine if one toplevel is positioned above or below a second
toplevel. When two window arguments separated by either isabove or
isbelow are passed, a boolean result indicates whether or not the
first window is currently above or below the second window in the stacking
order.
- wm state
window ?newstate?
- If newstate is specified, the window will be set to the new state,
otherwise it returns the current state of window: either
normal, iconic, withdrawn, icon, or (Windows
and Mac OS X only) zoomed. The difference between iconic and
icon is that iconic refers to a window that has been
iconified (e.g., with the wm iconify command) while icon
refers to a window whose only purpose is to serve as the icon for some
other window (via the wm iconwindow command). The
icon state cannot be set.
- wm title
window ?string?
- If string is specified, then it will be passed to the window
manager for use as the title for window (the window manager should
display this string in window's title bar). In this case the
command returns an empty string. If string is not specified then
the command returns the current title for the window. The title for
a window defaults to its name.
- wm transient
window ?container?
- If container is specified, then the window manager is informed that
window is a transient window (e.g. pull-down menu) working on
behalf of container (where container is the path name for a
top-level window). If container is specified as an empty string
then window is marked as not being a transient window any more.
Otherwise the command returns the path name of window's current
container, or an empty string if window is not currently a
transient window. A transient window will mirror state changes in the
container and inherit the state of the container when initially mapped.
The directed graph with an edge from each transient to its container must
be acyclic. In particular, it is an error to attempt to make a window a
transient of itself. The window manager may also decorate a transient
window differently, removing some features normally present (e.g.,
minimize and maximize buttons) though this is entirely at the discretion
of the window manager.
- wm withdraw
window
- Arranges for window to be withdrawn from the screen. This causes
the window to be unmapped and forgotten about by the window manager. If
the window has never been mapped, then this command causes the window to
be mapped in the withdrawn state. Not all window managers appear to know
how to handle windows that are mapped in the withdrawn state. Note: it
sometimes seems to be necessary to withdraw a window and then re-map it
(e.g. with wm deiconify) to get some window managers to pay
attention to changes in window attributes such as group.
By default a top-level window appears on the screen in its
natural size, which is the one determined internally by its widgets
and geometry managers. If the natural size of a top-level window changes,
then the window's size changes to match. A top-level window can be given a
size other than its natural size in two ways. First, the user can resize the
window manually using the facilities of the window manager, such as resize
handles. Second, the application can request a particular size for a
top-level window using the wm geometry command. These two cases are
handled identically by Tk; in either case, the requested size overrides the
natural size. You can return the window to its natural by invoking wm
geometry with an empty geometry string.
Normally a top-level window can have any size from one pixel in
each dimension up to the size of its screen. However, you can use the wm
minsize and wm maxsize commands to limit the range of allowable
sizes. The range set by wm minsize and wm maxsize applies to
all forms of resizing, including the window's natural size as well as manual
resizes and the wm geometry command. You can also use the command
wm resizable to completely disable interactive resizing in one or
both dimensions.
The wm manage and wm forget commands may be used to
perform undocking and docking of windows. After a widget is managed by wm
manage command, all other wm subcommands may be used with the
widget. Only widgets created using the toplevel command may have an attached
menu via the -menu configure option. A toplevel widget may be used as
a frame and managed with any of the other geometry managers after using the
wm forget command. Any menu associated with a toplevel widget will be
hidden when managed by another geometry managers. The menus will reappear
once the window is managed by wm. All custom bindtags for widgets in
a subtree that have their top-level widget changed via a wm manage or
wm forget command, must be redone to adjust any top-level widget path
in the bindtags. Bindtags that have not been customized do not have to be
redone.
Gridded geometry management occurs when one of the widgets of an
application supports a range of useful sizes. This occurs, for example, in a
text editor where the scrollbars, menus, and other adornments are fixed in
size but the edit widget can support any number of lines of text or
characters per line. In this case, it is usually desirable to let the user
specify the number of lines or characters-per-line, either with the wm
geometry command or by interactively resizing the window. In the case of
text, and in other interesting cases also, only discrete sizes of the window
make sense, such as integral numbers of lines and characters-per-line;
arbitrary pixel sizes are not useful.
Gridded geometry management provides support for this kind of
application. Tk (and the window manager) assume that there is a grid of some
sort within the application and that the application should be resized in
terms of grid units rather than pixels. Gridded geometry management
is typically invoked by turning on the setGrid option for a widget;
it can also be invoked with the wm grid command or by calling
Tk_SetGrid. In each of these approaches the particular widget (or
sometimes code in the application as a whole) specifies the relationship
between integral grid sizes for the window and pixel sizes. To return to
non-gridded geometry management, invoke wm grid with empty argument
strings.
When gridded geometry management is enabled then all the
dimensions specified in wm minsize, wm maxsize, and wm
geometry commands are treated as grid units rather than pixel units.
Interactive resizing is also carried out in even numbers of grid units
rather than pixels.
Most existing window managers appear to have bugs that affect the
operation of the wm command. For example, some changes will not take
effect if the window is already active: the window will have to be withdrawn
and de-iconified in order to make the change happen.
A fixed-size window that says that it is fixed-size too:
toplevel .fixed
wm title .fixed "Fixed-size Window"
wm resizable .fixed 0 0
A simple dialog-like window, centred on the screen:
# Create and arrange the dialog contents.
toplevel .msg
label .msg.l -text "This is a very simple dialog demo."
button .msg.ok -text OK -default active -command {destroy .msg}
pack .msg.ok -side bottom -fill x
pack .msg.l -expand 1 -fill both
# Now set the widget up as a centred dialog.
# But first, we need the geometry managers to finish setting
# up the interior of the dialog, for which we need to run the
# event loop with the widget hidden completely...
wm withdraw .msg
update
set x [expr {([winfo screenwidth .]-[winfo width .msg])/2}]
set y [expr {([winfo screenheight .]-[winfo height .msg])/2}]
wm geometry .msg +$x+$y
wm transient .msg .
wm title .msg "Dialog demo"
wm deiconify .msg
aspect ratio, deiconify, focus model, geometry, grid, group, icon,
iconify, increments, position, size, title, top-level window, units, window
manager