Specify a tracer. Tracers usually do more than just trace an event. Common tracers are: function, function_graph, preemptirqsoff, irqsoff, preemptoff and wakeup. A tracer must be supported by the running kernel. To see a list of available tracers, see trace-cmd-list(1).

Specify an event to trace. Various static trace points have been added to the Linux kernel. They are grouped by subsystem where you can enable all events of a given subsystem or specify specific events to be enabled. The event is of the format "subsystem:event-name". You can also just specify the subsystem without the :event-name or the event-name without the "subsystem:". Using "-e sched_switch" will enable the "sched_switch" event where as, "-e sched" will enable all events under the "sched" subsystem.

Every event that is being recorded has its output format file saved in the output file to be able to display it later. But if other events are enabled in the trace without trace-cmd’s knowledge, the formats of those events will not be recorded and trace-cmd report will not be able to display them. If this is the case, then specify the -a option and the format for all events in the system will be saved.

Enable a stacktrace on each event. For example:

Enable a stack trace on all functions. Note this is only applicable for the "function" plugin tracer, and will only take effect if the -l option is used and succeeds in limiting functions. If the function tracer is not filtered, and the stack trace is enabled, you can live lock the machine.

Specify a filter for the previous event. This must come after a -e. This will filter what events get recorded based on the content of the event. Filtering is passed to the kernel directly so what filtering is allowed may depend on what version of the kernel you have. Basically, it will let you use C notation to check if an event should be processed or not.

    ==, >=, <=, >, <, &, |, && and ||

The above are usually safe to use to compare fields.

Do not filter out the trace-cmd threads. By default, the threads are filtered out to not be traced by events. This option will have the trace-cmd threads also be traced.

Specify a trigger for the previous event. This must come after a -e. This will add a given trigger to the given event. To only enable the trigger and not the event itself, then place the event after the -v option.

This will cause all events specified after it on the command line to not be traced. This is useful for selecting a subsystem to be traced but to leave out various events. For Example: "-e sched -v -e "*stat\*"" will enable all events in the sched subsystem except those that have "stat" in their names.

This will filter only the executable that is given on the command line. If no command is given, then it will filter itself (pretty pointless). Using -F will let you trace only events that are caused by the given command.

Similar to -F but lets you specify a process ID to trace.

Used with either -F (or -P if kernel supports it) to trace the process' children too.

Execute the specified command as given user.

Set the trace clock to "clock".

By default, trace-cmd report will create a trace.dat file. You can specify a different file to write to with the -o option.

This will limit the function and function_graph tracers to only trace the given function name. More than one -l may be specified on the command line to trace more than one function. The limited use of glob expressions are also allowed. These are match* to only filter functions that start with match. *match to only filter functions that end with match. *match\* to only filter on functions that contain match.

This option is for the function_graph plugin. It will graph the given function. That is, it will only trace the function and all functions that it calls. You can have more than one -g on the command line.

This has the opposite effect of -l. The function given with the -n option will not be traced. This takes precedence, that is, if you include the same function for both -n and -l, it will not be traced.

Some tracer plugins enable the function tracer by default. Like the latency tracers. This option prevents the function tracer from being enabled at start up.

The option -d will try to use the function-trace option to disable the function tracer (if available), otherwise it defaults to the proc file: /proc/sys/kernel/ftrace_enabled, but will not touch it if the function-trace option is available. The -D option will disable both the ftrace_enabled proc file as well as the function-trace option if it exists.

Ftrace has various options that can be enabled or disabled. This allows you to set them. Appending the text no to an option disables it. For example: "-O nograph-time" will disable the "graph-time" Ftrace option.

The processes that trace-cmd creates to record from the ring buffer need to wake up to do the recording. Setting the interval to zero will cause the processes to wakeup every time new data is written into the buffer. But since Ftrace is recording kernel activity, the act of this processes going back to sleep may cause new events into the ring buffer which will wake the process back up. This will needlessly add extra data into the ring buffer.

The priority to run the capture threads at. In a busy system the trace capturing threads may be staved and events can be lost. This increases the priority of those threads to the real time (FIFO) priority. But use this option with care, it can also change the behaviour of the system being traced.

This sets the ring buffer size to size kilobytes. Because the Ftrace ring buffer is per CPU, this size is the size of each per CPU ring buffer inside the kernel. Using "-b 10000" on a machine with 4 CPUs will make Ftrace have a total buffer size of 40 Megs.

If the kernel supports multiple buffers, this will add a buffer with the given name. If the buffer name already exists, that buffer is just reset and will not be deleted at the end of record execution. If the buffer is created, it will be removed at the end of execution (unless the -k is set, or start command was used).

The max size in kilobytes that a per cpu buffer should be. Note, due to rounding to page size, the number may not be totally correct. Also, this is performed by switching between two buffers that are half the given size thus the output may not be of the given size even if much more was written.

Set the cpumask for to trace. It only affects the last buffer instance given. If supplied before any buffer instance, then it affects the main buffer. The value supplied must be a hex number.

By default, when trace-cmd is finished tracing, it will reset the buffers and disable all the tracing that it enabled. This option keeps trace-cmd from disabling the tracer and reseting the buffer. This option is useful for debugging trace-cmd.

By default, if an event is listed that trace-cmd does not find, it will exit with an error. This option will just ignore events that are listed on the command line but are not found on the system.

If another machine is running "trace-cmd listen", this option is used to have the data sent to that machine with UDP packets. Instead of writing to an output file, the data is sent off to a remote box. This is ideal for embedded machines with little storage, or having a single machine that will keep all the data in a single repository.

This option is used with -N, when there’s a need to send the live data with TCP packets instead of UDP. Although TCP is not nearly as fast as sending the UDP packets, but it may be needed if the network is not that reliable, the amount of data is not that intensive, and a guarantee is needed that all traced information is transfered successfully.

For use with recording an application. Suppresses normal output (except for errors) to allow only the application’s output to be displayed.

With the --date option, "trace-cmd" will write timestamps into the trace buffer after it has finished recording. It will then map the timestamp to gettimeofday which will allow wall time output from the timestamps reading the created trace.dat file.

Set the maximum depth the function_graph tracer will trace into a function. A value of one will only show where userspace enters the kernel but not any functions called in the kernel. The default is zero, which means no limit.

Set the number of entries the kernel tracing file "saved_cmdlines" can contain. This file is a circular buffer which stores the mapping between cmdlines and PIDs. If full, it leads to unresolved cmdlines ("<...>") within the trace. The kernel default value is 128.

Filter a module’s name in function tracing. It is equivalent to adding :mod:module after all other functions being filtered. If no other function filter is listed, then all modules functions will be filtered in the filter.

Save the traced process address map into the trace.dat file. The traced processes can be specified using the option -P, or as a given command.

With the --profile option, "trace-cmd" will enable tracing that can be used with trace-cmd-report(1) --profile option. If a tracer -p is not set, and function graph depth is supported by the kernel, then the function_graph tracer will be enabled with a depth of one (only show where userspace enters into the kernel). It will also enable various tracepoints with stack tracing such that the report can show where tasks have been blocked for the longest time.

Set interrupt (soft and hard) events as global (associated to CPU instead of tasks). Only works for --profile.

Add custom event matching to connect any two events together. When not used with --profile, it will save the parameter and this will be used by trace-cmd report --profile, too. That is:

(for --profile only) Only enable the tracer or events speficied on the command line. With this option, the function_graph tracer is not enabled, nor are any events (like sched_switch), unless they are specifically specified on the command line (i.e. -p function -e sched_switch -e sched_wakeup)

Add an offset for the timestamp in the trace.dat file. This will add a offset option into the trace.dat file such that a trace-cmd report will offset all the timestamps of the events by the given offset. The offset is in raw units. That is, if the event timestamps are in nanoseconds the offset will also be in nanoseconds even if the displayed units are in microseconds.

Set the loop interval, in ms, for timestamps synchronization with guests: If a negative number is specified, timestamps synchronization is disabled If 0 is specified, no loop is performed - timestamps offset is calculated only twice," at the beginning and at the end of the trace. Timestamps synchronization with guests works only if there is support for VSOCK.\n"

Have output go to stderr instead of stdout, but the output of the command executed will not be changed. This is useful if you want to monitor the output of the command being executed, but not see the output from trace-cmd.

 # trace-cmd record -e all ls > /dev/null


 # trace-cmd report


       trace-cmd-13541 [003] 106260.693809: filemap_fault: address=0x128122 offset=0xce


       trace-cmd-13543 [001] 106260.693809: kmalloc: call_site=81128dd4 ptr=0xffff88003dd83800 bytes_req=768 bytes_alloc=1024 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|GFP_ZERO


              ls-13545 [002] 106260.693809: kfree: call_site=810a7abb ptr=0x0


              ls-13545 [002] 106260.693818: sys_exit_write:       0x1

 # trace-cmd record -p function -e sched_switch ls > /dev/null


 # trace-cmd report


              ls-13587 [002] 106467.860310: function: hrtick_start_fair <-- pick_next_task_fair


              ls-13587 [002] 106467.860313: sched_switch: prev_comm=trace-cmd prev_pid=13587 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=trace-cmd next_pid=13583 next_prio=120


       trace-cmd-13585 [001] 106467.860314: function: native_set_pte_at <-- __do_fault


       trace-cmd-13586 [003] 106467.860314: function:             up_read <-- do_page_fault


              ls-13587 [002] 106467.860317: function:             __phys_addr <-- schedule


       trace-cmd-13585 [001] 106467.860318: function: _raw_spin_unlock <-- __do_fault


              ls-13587 [002] 106467.860320: function: native_load_sp0 <-- __switch_to


       trace-cmd-13586 [003] 106467.860322: function: down_read_trylock <-- do_page_fault

 # trace-cmd record -p function_graph -e irq_handler_entry  -l do_IRQ sleep 10


 # trace-cmd report


          <idle>-0     [000] 157412.933969: funcgraph_entry:                  |  do_IRQ() {


          <idle>-0     [000] 157412.933974: irq_handler_entry:    irq=48 name=eth0


          <idle>-0     [000] 157412.934004: funcgraph_exit:       + 36.358 us |  }


          <idle>-0     [000] 157413.895004: funcgraph_entry:                  |  do_IRQ() {


          <idle>-0     [000] 157413.895011: irq_handler_entry:    irq=48 name=eth0


          <idle>-0     [000] 157413.895026: funcgraph_exit:                        + 24.014 us |  }


          <idle>-0     [000] 157415.891762: funcgraph_entry:                  |  do_IRQ() {


          <idle>-0     [000] 157415.891769: irq_handler_entry:    irq=48 name=eth0


          <idle>-0     [000] 157415.891784: funcgraph_exit:       + 22.928 us |  }


          <idle>-0     [000] 157415.934869: funcgraph_entry:                  |  do_IRQ() {


          <idle>-0     [000] 157415.934874: irq_handler_entry:    irq=48 name=eth0


          <idle>-0     [000] 157415.934906: funcgraph_exit:       + 37.512 us |  }


          <idle>-0     [000] 157417.888373: funcgraph_entry:                  |  do_IRQ() {


          <idle>-0     [000] 157417.888381: irq_handler_entry:    irq=48 name=eth0


          <idle>-0     [000] 157417.888398: funcgraph_exit:       + 25.943 us |  }

 # trace-cmd record --profile sleep 1


 # trace-cmd report --profile --comm sleep
task: sleep-21611


  Event: sched_switch:R (1) Total: 99442 Avg: 99442 Max: 99442 Min:99442


     <stack> 1 total:99442 min:99442 max:99442 avg=99442


       => ftrace_raw_event_sched_switch (0xffffffff8105f812)


       => __schedule (0xffffffff8150810a)


       => preempt_schedule (0xffffffff8150842e)


       => ___preempt_schedule (0xffffffff81273354)


       => cpu_stop_queue_work (0xffffffff810b03c5)


       => stop_one_cpu (0xffffffff810b063b)


       => sched_exec (0xffffffff8106136d)


       => do_execve_common.isra.27 (0xffffffff81148c89)


       => do_execve (0xffffffff811490b0)


       => SyS_execve (0xffffffff811492c4)


       => return_to_handler (0xffffffff8150e3c8)


       => stub_execve (0xffffffff8150c699)


  Event: sched_switch:S (1) Total: 1000506680 Avg: 1000506680 Max: 1000506680 Min:1000506680


     <stack> 1 total:1000506680 min:1000506680 max:1000506680 avg=1000506680


       => ftrace_raw_event_sched_switch (0xffffffff8105f812)


       => __schedule (0xffffffff8150810a)


       => schedule (0xffffffff815084b8)


       => do_nanosleep (0xffffffff8150b22c)


       => hrtimer_nanosleep (0xffffffff8108d647)


       => SyS_nanosleep (0xffffffff8108d72c)


       => return_to_handler (0xffffffff8150e3c8)


       => tracesys_phase2 (0xffffffff8150c304)


  Event: sched_wakeup:21611 (1) Total: 30326 Avg: 30326 Max: 30326 Min:30326


     <stack> 1 total:30326 min:30326 max:30326 avg=30326


       => ftrace_raw_event_sched_wakeup_template (0xffffffff8105f653)


       => ttwu_do_wakeup (0xffffffff810606eb)


       => ttwu_do_activate.constprop.124 (0xffffffff810607c8)


       => try_to_wake_up (0xffffffff8106340a)

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