zwrite - write to another user via Zephyr
zwrite [ -a ] [ -d ] [ -v ] [
-q ] [ -t ] [ -u ] [ -o ] [ -n ] [
-l ] [ -C ] [ -U ] [ -O opcode ] [ -s
signature ] [ -c class ] [ -i instance ] [ -r realm ] [
-f arg ] [ -S sender ] [ user ... ] [
-m message ]
Zwrite sends a message from you to another user through the
zephyr(1) notification service. The user must have subscribed to
messages of the appropriate class and instance using the zctl(1)
program.
Zwrite understands the following options.
- -a
- Causes zwrite to send the message authenticated, using
Kerberos to perform the authentication. This is the default.
- -d
- Causes zwrite to send the message unauthenticated.
- -v
- Causes zwrite to print what type of message it is sending, and
whether or not it was successful.
- -q
- Forces zwrite to suppress information about whether or not the
message was sent.
- -t
- Prevents zwrite from expanding tabs in the message into appropriate
spaces. Normally zwrite will expand any tabs it finds into the
appropriate number of spaces to maintain separation based on 8-character
tab stops.
- -l
- Causes zwrite to ignore `.' on a line by itself in the input and
only end a typed message when the user types the end-of-file character
(usually control-D). When the input is not a terminal, this is the default
action.
- -u
- Sends an urgent message. This changes the zephyr instance of the
message to ``URGENT''.
- -o
- Causes zwrite to ignore the Zephyr variables zwrite-class,
zwrite-inst, and zwrite-opcode when picking a default class,
instance, and opcode.
- -n
- prevents zwrite from sending a PING message to verify the recipient
is subscribing to messages. By default, zwrite will send a notice
to the destination class, instance, and recipient, with opcode ``PING''
before sending the message. If the PING is sent, and the server response
indicates there are no recipients subscribed to your message,
zwrite exits without sending a message. When the -n option
is used, no PING is sent.
- -C
- prepends a "CC:" line to the body of the message indicating the
recipients of the message. This is strictly a convenience: the presence of
a "CC:" line at the top of a zephyr body does not necessarily
indicate that this option was used, or that the message really was sent to
the listed users, and its lack doesn't indicate that the message was not
sent to multiple users.
- -U
- Send an unacked message. zwrite will not wait for acknowledgement
that the message was sent, nor will it issue a PING before sending.
- -s signature
- sets the signature to be included in the message. This overrides both the
user's name (as found in the password file) and any setting of the Zephyr
variable zwrite-signature. signature must be a single
argument, hence when using a shell it should be quoted with double quotes.
A signature argument of "" leaves the signature in the
message empty.
- -c class
- Allows a user to specify a different class for the message. This allows a
message to be sent to a large group of people with some degree of
security. See zephyr(1) and zephyrd(8) for a description of
how to restrict access to classes. When this option is specified, the
message is sent to recipient "*" unless an additional list of
recipients is specified.
This argument may not be used in conjunction with the -f option.
- -i instance
- Allows a user to specify a different instance than the default. When this
option is used, the message is sent to recipient "*" unless an
additional list of recipients is specified. This allows a message to be
sent to a large group of people (e.g. a development group) just by having
the members subscribe to messages of class "MESSAGE", the
specified instance, and recipient "*".
This argument may not be used in conjunction with the -f option.
- -r realm
- Allows a user to specify a different realm for the message, if the server
supports interrealm Zephyr.
- -S sender
- Specify a sender. The message will be sent unauthenticated.
- -F format
- Allows a user to specify a different default format for the message.
- -O opcode
- Allows a user to specify a different opcode for the message. Some Zephyr
notice display programs may use the opcode to decide how to display a
notice.
- -f arg
- Allows a user to specify an argument to be interpreted as a filesystem
specification. The class is set to FILSRV. he instance is set to
arg as modified: If arg contains no colons (`:'), it is
assumed to be a host name, and it is converted into an official host name
via gethostbyname(3). If arg contains a colon, the portion
preceding the colon is treated as a host name, and the colon and any
trailing characters are appended to the offical host name returned by
gethostbyname. If the name fails to resolve into an official host
name, the instance is set to arg unmodified.
This option may not be used in conjunction with the -c or -i option.
- -m
- Zwrite sends the remaining arguments on the command line as the
message.
If the -m option is not specified, the user is prompted for
the message to be sent. The message may be terminated by typing ^D or ``.''
on a line by itself.
The default class for messages is ``MESSAGE'', the default
instance is ``PERSONAL'', andthe default opcode is ``'' (an empty string).
These defaults can be overridden by setting the Zephyr variables
zwrite-class, zwrite-inst, and zwrite-opcode,
respectively. Command-line options can override the defaults.
If the class is ``MESSAGE'' and the instance is either
``PERSONAL'' or ``URGENT'', a recipient must be specified. These comparisons
are case-sensitive.
Unless the -s option is used, the contents of the Zephyr
variable zwrite-signature are used to augment the user's username in
the message. If zwrite-signature is not set and the -s option
is not specified, the user's full name (as specified in the password file)
is used instead.
Tab expansion should really be done by the receiver of the
message.
The -u option is provided for compatibility with old versions of zwrite
and is not necessarily useful for sending messages to users who do not have
old subscription files.
/etc/passwd
$ZEPHYR_VARS or $HOME/.zephyr.vars
Robert S. French (MIT-Project Athena)
Copyright (c) 1987,1988 by the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. All Rights Reserved.
zephyr(1) specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.