ld86 [-03MNdimrstyz[-]] [-llib_extension]
[-o outfile] [-Ccrtfile] [-Llibdir]
[-Olibfile] [-Ttextaddr] [-Hheapsize]
[-Ddataaddr] infile...
This linker understands only the object files produced by the as86
assembler, it can link them into either an impure or a separate I&D
executable.
The linking defaults are everything off or none except for
-0 and the output file is a.out. There is not a
standard library location defined in the linker.
- -0
- produce header with 16-bit magic
- -3
- produce header with 32-bit magic
- -d
- delete the header from the output file, used for MSDOS COM files. As a
side effect this also includes -s as there's nowhere to put a symbol
table.
- -Cx
- add file libdir-from-search/crtx.o to list of files linked
- -D
- data base address follows (in format suitable for strtoul)
- -H
- the top of heap (initial stack) address (in format suitable for
strtoul)
- -Lx
- add dir name x to the head of the list of library dirs searched
- -M
- print symbols linked on stdout
- -N
- Create a native Linux OMAGIC output file. If the contents are i386 code
the binary can be either linked by GCC or executed by linux. If the
-z option is also included the linker can generate a QMAGIC
executable.
- -Ox
- add library or object file libdir-from-search/x to list of files
linked
- -T
- text base address follows (in format suitable for strtoul)
- -i
- separate I&D output
- -lx
- add library libdir-from-search/libx.a to list of files linked
- -m
- print modules linked on stdout
- -o
- output file name follows
- -s
- strip symbols
- -r
- Generate a relocatable object from one source object, if the linker is
given the -N option also the output format will be the hosts native format
if possible.
- -t
- trace modules being looked at on stdout
- -y
- Alter the symbol tables to add label 'extensions' so that labels with more
than 8 characters can be stored in elks executables.
- -z
- produce "unmapped zero page" or "QMAGIC"
executables
All the options not taking an argument may be turned off by
following the option letter by a '-', as for cc1.
The linker predefines several labels that can be imported into
user programs.
- __etext
- Standard C variable for the end of the text segment.
- __edata
- Standard C variable for the end of the initialized data.
- __end
- Standard C variable for the end of the bss area.
- __segoff
- The offset within the executable file between the start of the text
segment and the start of the data segment in 16 byte 'paragraphs'. Note
this is zero for impure (tiny model) executables and is adjusted
for executables that don't start at offset 0 within the segment.
- __segXDL
- The lowest address with data in segment 'X'. (eg __seg0DL is for segment
zero or the text segment, __seg3DL is for the data segment) The value 'X'
is a hex digit.
- __segXDH
- The top of segment 'X's data area.
- __segXCL
- The bottom of segment 'X's 'common data' or uninitialized data area. Each
segment has both an initialized and uninitialized data area.
- __segXCH
- The top of segment 'X's common area.
- __segXSO
- This is the adjusted offset from segment 0 of the start of segment 'X' in
'paragraphs'.
The 6809 version does not support -i.
The previous versions of the linker could produce an 8086
executable with segments of a size >64k, now only i386 executables may
have segments this large.
The linker cannot deal with reverse seeks caused by org
instructions in the object file. Unlike previous versions the current one
traps the error rather than trying to fill up the hard disk.
The linker produces a broken a.out object file if given one input
and the -r option this is so it is compatible with pre-dev86
versions.