DOKK / manpages / debian 12 / firewalld / firewall-cmd.1.en
FIREWALL-CMD(1) firewall-cmd FIREWALL-CMD(1)

firewall-cmd - firewalld command line client

firewall-cmd [OPTIONS...]

firewall-cmd is the command line client of the firewalld daemon. It provides an interface to manage the runtime and permanent configurations.

The runtime configuration in firewalld is separated from the permanent configuration. This means that things can get changed in the runtime or permanent configuration.

Sequence options are the options that can be specified multiple times, the exit code is 0 if there is at least one item that succeeded. The ALREADY_ENABLED (11), NOT_ENABLED (12) and also ZONE_ALREADY_SET (16) errors are treated as succeeded. If there are issues while parsing the items, then these are treated as warnings and will not change the result as long as there is a succeeded one. Without any succeeded item, the exit code will depend on the error codes. If there is exactly one error code, then this is used. If there are more than one then UNKNOWN_ERROR (254) will be used.

The following options are supported:

-h, --help

Prints a short help text and exits.

-V, --version

Print the version string of firewalld. This option is not combinable with other options.

-q, --quiet

Do not print status messages.

--state

Check whether the firewalld daemon is active (i.e. running). Returns an exit code 0 if it is active, RUNNING_BUT_FAILED if failure occurred on startup, NOT_RUNNING otherwise. See the section called “EXIT CODES”. This will also print the state to STDOUT.

--reload

Reload firewall rules and keep state information. Current permanent configuration will become new runtime configuration, i.e. all runtime only changes done until reload are lost with reload if they have not been also in permanent configuration.

Note: If FlushAllOnReload=no, runtime changes applied via the direct interface are not affected and will therefore stay in place until firewalld daemon is restarted completely. For FlushAllOnReload, see firewalld.conf(5).

--complete-reload

Reload firewall completely, even netfilter kernel modules. This will most likely terminate active connections, because state information is lost. This option should only be used in case of severe firewall problems. For example if there are state information problems that no connection can be established with correct firewall rules.

Note: If FlushAllOnReload=no, runtime changes applied via the direct interface are not affected and will therefore stay in place until firewalld daemon is restarted completely. For FlushAllOnReload, see firewalld.conf(5).

--runtime-to-permanent

Save active runtime configuration and overwrite permanent configuration with it. The way this is supposed to work is that when configuring firewalld you do runtime changes only and once you're happy with the configuration and you tested that it works the way you want, you save the configuration to disk.

--check-config

Run checks on the permanent configuration. This includes XML validity and semantics.

--reset-to-defaults

Reset configuration to firewalld's default configuration.

--get-log-denied

Print the log denied setting.

--set-log-denied=value

Add logging rules right before reject and drop rules in the INPUT, FORWARD and OUTPUT chains for the default rules and also final reject and drop rules in zones for the configured link-layer packet type. The possible values are: all, unicast, broadcast, multicast and off. The default setting is off, which disables the logging.

This is a runtime and permanent change and will also reload the firewall to be able to add the logging rules.

--permanent

The permanent option --permanent can be used to set options permanently. These changes are not effective immediately, only after service restart/reload or system reboot. Without the --permanent option, a change will only be part of the runtime configuration.

If you want to make a change in runtime and permanent configuration, use the same call with and without the --permanent option.

The --permanent option can be optionally added to all options further down where it is supported.

--get-default-zone

Print default zone for connections and interfaces.

--set-default-zone=zone

Set default zone for connections and interfaces where no zone has been selected. Setting the default zone changes the zone for the connections or interfaces, that are using the default zone.

This is a runtime and permanent change.

--get-active-zones

Print currently active zones altogether with interfaces and sources used in these zones. Active zones are zones, that have a binding to an interface or source. The output format is: 

zone1


  interfaces: interface1 interface2 ..


  sources: source1 ..
zone2


  interfaces: interface3 ..
zone3


  sources: source2 ..

If there are no interfaces or sources bound to the zone, the corresponding line will be omitted.

[--permanent] --get-zones

Print predefined zones as a space separated list.

[--permanent] --get-services

Print predefined services as a space separated list.

[--permanent] --get-icmptypes

Print predefined icmptypes as a space separated list.

[--permanent] --get-zone-of-interface=interface

Print the name of the zone the interface is bound to or no zone.

[--permanent] --get-zone-of-source=source[/mask]|MAC|ipset:ipset

Print the name of the zone the source is bound to or no zone.

[--permanent] --info-zone=zone

Print information about the zone zone. The output format is: 

zone


  interfaces: interface1 ..


  sources: source1 ..


  services: service1 ..


  ports: port1 ..


  protocols: protocol1 ..


  forward-ports:


        forward-port1


        ..


  source-ports: source-port1 ..


  icmp-blocks: icmp-type1 ..


  rich rules:


        rich-rule1


        ..

[--permanent] --list-all-zones

List everything added for or enabled in all zones. The output format is: 

zone1


  interfaces: interface1 ..


  sources: source1 ..


  services: service1 ..


  ports: port1 ..


  protocols: protocol1 ..


  forward-ports:


        forward-port1


        ..


  icmp-blocks: icmp-type1 ..


  rich rules:


        rich-rule1


        ..
..

--permanent --new-zone=zone

Add a new permanent and empty zone.

Zone names must be alphanumeric and may additionally include characters: '_' and '-'.

--permanent --new-zone-from-file=filename [--name=zone]

Add a new permanent zone from a prepared zone file with an optional name override.

--permanent --delete-zone=zone

Delete an existing permanent zone.

--permanent --load-zone-defaults=zone

Load zone default settings or report NO_DEFAULTS error.

--permanent --path-zone=zone

Print path of the zone configuration file.

[--permanent] --get-policies

Print predefined policies as a space separated list.

[--permanent] --info-policy=policy

Print information about the policy policy.

[--permanent] --list-all-policies

List everything added for or enabled in all policies.

--permanent --new-policy=policy

Add a new permanent policy.

Policy names must be alphanumeric and may additionally include characters: '_' and '-'.

--permanent --new-policy-from-file=filename [--name=policy]

Add a new permanent policy from a prepared policy file with an optional name override.

--permanent --path-policy=policy

Print path of the policy configuration file.

--permanent --delete-policy=policy

Delete an existing permanent policy.

--permanent --load-policy-defaults=policy

Load the shipped defaults for a policy. Only applies to policies shipped with firewalld. Does not apply to user defined policies.

Options in this section affect only one particular zone or policy. If used with --zone=zone or --policy=policy option, they affect the specified zone or policy. If both options are omitted, they affect the default zone (see --get-default-zone).

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--policy=policy] --list-all

List everything added or enabled.

--permanent [--zone=zone] [--policy=policy] --get-target

Get the target.

--permanent [--zone=zone] [--policy=policy] --set-target=target

Set the target.

For zones target is one of: default, ACCEPT, DROP, REJECT

For policies target is one of: CONTINUE, ACCEPT, DROP, REJECT

default is similar to REJECT, but it implicitly allows ICMP packets.

--permanent [--zone=zone] [--policy=policy] --set-description=description

Set description.

--permanent [--zone=zone] [--policy=policy] --get-description

Print description.

--permanent [--zone=zone] [--policy=policy] --set-short=description

Set short description.

--permanent [--zone=zone] [--policy=policy] --get-short

Print short description.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --list-services

List services added as a space separated list.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --add-service=service [--timeout=timeval]

Add a service. This option can be specified multiple times. If a timeout is supplied, the rule will be active for the specified amount of time and will be removed automatically afterwards. timeval is either a number (of seconds) or number followed by one of characters s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), for example 20m or 1h.

The service is one of the firewalld provided services. To get a list of the supported services, use firewall-cmd --get-services.

The --timeout option is not combinable with the --permanent option.

Note: Some services define connection tracking helpers. Helpers that may operate in client mode (e.g. tftp) must be added to an outbound policy instead of a zone to take effect for clients. Otherwise the helper will not be applied to the outbound traffic. The related traffic, as defined by the connection tracking helper, on the return path (ingress) will be allowed by the stateful firewall rules.

An example of an outbound policy for connection tracking helpers:

# firewall-cmd --permanent --new-policy clientConntrack
# firewall-cmd --permanent --policy clientConntrack --add-ingress-zone HOST
# firewall-cmd --permanent --policy clientConntrack --add-egress-zone ANY
# firewall-cmd --permanent --policy clientConntrack --add-service tftp

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --remove-service=service

Remove a service. This option can be specified multiple times.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --query-service=service

Return whether service has been added. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --list-ports

List ports added as a space separated list. A port is of the form portid[-portid]/protocol, it can be either a port and protocol pair or a port range with a protocol.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --add-port=portid[-portid]/protocol [--timeout=timeval]

Add the port. This option can be specified multiple times. If a timeout is supplied, the rule will be active for the specified amount of time and will be removed automatically afterwards. timeval is either a number (of seconds) or number followed by one of characters s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), for example 20m or 1h.

The port can either be a single port number or a port range portid-portid. The protocol can either be tcp, udp, sctp or dccp.

The --timeout option is not combinable with the --permanent option.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --remove-port=portid[-portid]/protocol

Remove the port. This option can be specified multiple times.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --query-port=portid[-portid]/protocol

Return whether the port has been added. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --list-protocols

List protocols added as a space separated list.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --add-protocol=protocol [--timeout=timeval]

Add the protocol. This option can be specified multiple times. If a timeout is supplied, the rule will be active for the specified amount of time and will be removed automatically afterwards. timeval is either a number (of seconds) or number followed by one of characters s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), for example 20m or 1h.

The protocol can be any protocol supported by the system. Please have a look at /etc/protocols for supported protocols.

The --timeout option is not combinable with the --permanent option.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --remove-protocol=protocol

Remove the protocol. This option can be specified multiple times.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --query-protocol=protocol

Return whether the protocol has been added. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --list-source-ports

List source ports added as a space separated list. A port is of the form portid[-portid]/protocol.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --add-source-port=portid[-portid]/protocol [--timeout=timeval]

Add the source port. This option can be specified multiple times. If a timeout is supplied, the rule will be active for the specified amount of time and will be removed automatically afterwards. timeval is either a number (of seconds) or number followed by one of characters s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), for example 20m or 1h.

The port can either be a single port number or a port range portid-portid. The protocol can either be tcp, udp, sctp or dccp.

The --timeout option is not combinable with the --permanent option.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --remove-source-port=portid[-portid]/protocol

Remove the source port. This option can be specified multiple times.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --query-source-port=portid[-portid]/protocol

Return whether the source port has been added. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --list-icmp-blocks

List Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) type blocks added as a space separated list.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --add-icmp-block=icmptype [--timeout=timeval]

Add an ICMP block for icmptype. This option can be specified multiple times. If a timeout is supplied, the rule will be active for the specified amount of time and will be removed automatically afterwards. timeval is either a number (of seconds) or number followed by one of characters s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), for example 20m or 1h.

The icmptype is the one of the icmp types firewalld supports. To get a listing of supported icmp types: firewall-cmd --get-icmptypes

The --timeout option is not combinable with the --permanent option.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --remove-icmp-block=icmptype

Remove the ICMP block for icmptype. This option can be specified multiple times.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --query-icmp-block=icmptype

Return whether an ICMP block for icmptype has been added. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --list-forward-ports

List IPv4 forward ports added as a space separated list.

For IPv6 forward ports, please use the rich language.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --add-forward-port=port=portid[-portid]:proto=protocol[:toport=portid[-portid]][:toaddr=address[/mask]] [--timeout=timeval]

Add the IPv4 forward port. This option can be specified multiple times. If a timeout is supplied, the rule will be active for the specified amount of time and will be removed automatically afterwards. timeval is either a number (of seconds) or number followed by one of characters s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), for example 20m or 1h.

The port can either be a single port number portid or a port range portid-portid. The protocol can either be tcp, udp, sctp or dccp. The destination address is a simple IP address.

The --timeout option is not combinable with the --permanent option.

For IPv6 forward ports, please use the rich language.

Note: IP forwarding will be implicitly enabled if toaddr is specified.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --remove-forward-port=port=portid[-portid]:proto=protocol[:toport=portid[-portid]][:toaddr=address[/mask]]

Remove the IPv4 forward port. This option can be specified multiple times.

For IPv6 forward ports, please use the rich language.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --query-forward-port=port=portid[-portid]:proto=protocol[:toport=portid[-portid]][:toaddr=address[/mask]]

Return whether the IPv4 forward port has been added. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

For IPv6 forward ports, please use the rich language.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --add-masquerade [--timeout=timeval]

Enable IPv4 masquerade. If a timeout is supplied, masquerading will be active for the specified amount of time. timeval is either a number (of seconds) or number followed by one of characters s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), for example 20m or 1h. Masquerading is useful if the machine is a router and machines connected over an interface in another zone should be able to use the first connection.

The --timeout option is not combinable with the --permanent option.

For IPv6 masquerading, please use the rich language.

Note: IP forwarding will be implicitly enabled.

Note (Linux < 5.5): For the iptables backend, a policy may not enable masquerade if an ingress zone has assigned interfaces. This restriction does not exist for the nftables backend, but does require Linux v5.5+ to function properly; otherwise it will silently fail.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --remove-masquerade

Disable IPv4 masquerade. If the masquerading was enabled with a timeout, it will be disabled also.

For IPv6 masquerading, please use the rich language.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --query-masquerade

Return whether IPv4 masquerading has been enabled. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

For IPv6 masquerading, please use the rich language.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --list-rich-rules

List rich language rules added as a newline separated list.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --add-rich-rule='rule' [--timeout=timeval]

Add rich language rule 'rule'. This option can be specified multiple times. If a timeout is supplied, the rule will be active for the specified amount of time and will be removed automatically afterwards. timeval is either a number (of seconds) or number followed by one of characters s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), for example 20m or 1h.

For the rich language rule syntax, please have a look at firewalld.richlanguage(5).

The --timeout option is not combinable with the --permanent option.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --remove-rich-rule='rule'

Remove rich language rule 'rule'. This option can be specified multiple times.

For the rich language rule syntax, please have a look at firewalld.richlanguage(5).

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] [--permanent] [--policy=policy] --query-rich-rule='rule'

Return whether a rich language rule 'rule' has been added. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

For the rich language rule syntax, please have a look at firewalld.richlanguage(5).

Options in this section affect only one particular zone. If used with --zone=zone option, they affect the specified zone. If the option is omitted, they affect default zone (see --get-default-zone).

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] --add-icmp-block-inversion

Enable ICMP block inversion.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] --remove-icmp-block-inversion

Disable ICMP block inversion.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] --query-icmp-block-inversion

Return whether ICMP block inversion is enabled. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] --add-forward

Enable intra zone forwarding.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] --remove-forward

Disable intra zone forwarding.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] --query-forward

Return whether intra zone forwarding is enabled. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

Options in this section affect only one particular policy. It's required to specify --policy=policy with these options.

--permanent --policy=policy --get-priority

Get the priority.

--permanent --policy=policy --set-priority=priority

Set the priority. The priority determines the relative ordering of policies. This is an integer value between -32768 and 32767 where -1 is the default value for new policies and 0 is reserved for internal use.

If a priority is < 0, then the policy's rules will execute before all rules in all zones.

If a priority is > 0, then the policy's rules will execute after all rules in all zones.

[--permanent] --policy=policy --list-ingress-zones

List ingress zones added as a space separated list.

[--permanent] --policy=policy --add-ingress-zone=zone

Add an ingress zone. This option can be specified multiple times.

The ingress zone is one of the firewalld provided zones or one of the pseudo-zones: HOST, ANY.

HOST is used for traffic originating from the host machine, i.e. the host running firewalld.

ANY is used for traffic originating from any zone. This can be thought of as a wild card for zones. However it does not include traffic originating from the host machine - use HOST for that.

[--permanent] --policy=policy --remove-ingress-zone=zone

Remove an ingress zone. This option can be specified multiple times.

[--permanent] --policy=policy --query-ingress-zone=zone

Return whether zone has been added. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

[--permanent] --policy=policy --list-egress-zones

List egress zones added as a space separated list.

[--permanent] --policy=policy --add-egress-zone=zone

Add an egress zone. This option can be specified multiple times.

The egress zone is one of the firewalld provided zones or one of the pseudo-zones: HOST, ANY.

For clarification on HOST and ANY see option --add-ingress-zone.

[--permanent] --policy=policy --remove-egress-zone=zone

Remove an egress zone. This option can be specified multiple times.

[--permanent] --policy=policy --query-egress-zone=zone

Return whether zone has been added. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

Binding an interface to a zone means that this zone settings are used to restrict traffic via the interface.

Options in this section affect only one particular zone. If used with --zone=zone option, they affect the zone zone. If the option is omitted, they affect default zone (see --get-default-zone).

For a list of predefined zones use firewall-cmd --get-zones.

An interface name is a string up to 16 characters long, that may not contain ' ', '/', '!' and '*'.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] --list-interfaces

List interfaces that are bound to zone zone as a space separated list. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] --add-interface=interface

Bind interface interface to zone zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.

If the interface is under control of NetworkManager, it is at first connected to change the zone for the connection that is using the interface. If this fails, the zone binding is created in firewalld and the limitations below apply. For interfaces that are not under control of NetworkManager, firewalld tries to change the ZONE setting in the ifcfg file, if the file exists.

As a end user you don't need this in most cases, because NetworkManager (or legacy network service) adds interfaces into zones automatically (according to ZONE= option from ifcfg-interface file) if NM_CONTROLLED=no is not set. You should do it only if there's no /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-interface file. If there is such file and you add interface to zone with this --add-interface option, make sure the zone is the same in both cases, otherwise the behaviour would be undefined. Please also have a look at the firewalld(1) man page in the Concepts section. For permanent association of interface with a zone, see also 'How to set or change a zone for a connection?' in firewalld.zones(5).

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] --change-interface=interface

If the interface is under control of NetworkManager, it is at first connected to change the zone for the connection that is using the interface. If this fails, the zone binding is created in firewalld and the limitations below apply. For interfaces that are not under control of NetworkManager, firewalld tries to change the ZONE setting in the ifcfg file, if the file exists.

Change zone the interface interface is bound to to zone zone. It's basically --remove-interface followed by --add-interface. If the interface has not been bound to a zone before, it behaves like --add-interface. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] --query-interface=interface

Query whether interface interface is bound to zone zone. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

[--permanent] --remove-interface=interface

If the interface is under control of NetworkManager, it is at first connected to change the zone for the connection that is using the interface. If this fails, the zone binding is created in firewalld and the limitations below apply.

For the addition or change of interfaces that are not under control of NetworkManager: firewalld tries to change the ZONE setting in the ifcfg file, if an ifcfg file exists that is using the interface.

Only for the removal of interfaces that are not under control of NetworkManager: firewalld is not trying to change the ZONE setting in the ifcfg file. This is needed to make sure that an ifdown of the interface will not result in a reset of the zone setting to the default zone. Only the zone binding is then removed in firewalld then.

Remove binding of interface interface from zone it was previously added to.

Binding a source to a zone means that this zone settings will be used to restrict traffic from this source.

A source address or address range is either an IP address or a network IP address with a mask for IPv4 or IPv6 or a MAC address or an ipset with the ipset: prefix. For IPv4, the mask can be a network mask or a plain number. For IPv6 the mask is a plain number. The use of host names is not supported.

Options in this section affect only one particular zone. If used with --zone=zone option, they affect the zone zone. If the option is omitted, they affect default zone (see --get-default-zone).

For a list of predefined zones use firewall-cmd [--permanent] --get-zones.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] --list-sources

List sources that are bound to zone zone as a space separated list. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] --add-source=source[/mask]|MAC|ipset:ipset

Bind the source to zone zone. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.

[--zone=zone] --change-source=source[/mask]|MAC|ipset:ipset

Change zone the source is bound to to zone zone. It's basically --remove-source followed by --add-source. If the source has not been bound to a zone before, it behaves like --add-source. If zone is omitted, default zone will be used.

[--permanent] [--zone=zone] --query-source=source[/mask]|MAC|ipset:ipset

Query whether the source is bound to the zone zone. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

[--permanent] --remove-source=source[/mask]|MAC|ipset:ipset

Remove binding of the source from zone it was previously added to.

--get-ipset-types

Print the supported ipset types.

--permanent --new-ipset=ipset --type=type [--family=inet|inet6] [--option=key[=value]]

Add a new permanent and empty ipset with specifying the type and optional the family and options like timeout, hashsize and maxelem. For more information please have a look at ipset(8) man page.

ipset names must be alphanumeric and may additionally include characters: '_' and '-'.

--permanent --new-ipset-from-file=filename [--name=ipset]

Add a new permanent ipset from a prepared ipset file with an optional name override.

--permanent --delete-ipset=ipset

Delete an existing permanent ipset.

--permanent --load-ipset-defaults=ipset

Load ipset default settings or report NO_DEFAULTS error.

[--permanent] --info-ipset=ipset

Print information about the ipset ipset. The output format is: 

ipset


  type: type


  options: option1[=value1] ..


  entries: entry1 ..

[--permanent] --get-ipsets

Print predefined ipsets as a space separated list.

--permanent --ipset=ipset --set-description=description

Set new description to ipset

--permanent --ipset=ipset --get-description

Print description for ipset

--permanent --ipset=ipset --set-short=description

Set short description to ipset

--permanent --ipset=ipset --get-short

Print short description for ipset

[--permanent] --ipset=ipset --add-entry=entry

Add a new entry to the ipset.

Adding an entry to an ipset with option timeout is permitted, but these entries are not tracked by firewalld.

[--permanent] --ipset=ipset --remove-entry=entry

Remove an entry from the ipset.

[--permanent] --ipset=ipset --query-entry=entry

Return whether the entry has been added to an ipset. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

Querying an ipset with a timeout will yield an error. Entries are not tracked for ipsets with a timeout.

[--permanent] --ipset=ipset --get-entries

List all entries of the ipset.

[--permanent] --ipset=ipset --add-entries-from-file=filename

Add a new entries to the ipset from the file. For all entries that are listed in the file but already in the ipset, a warning will be printed.

The file should contain an entry per line. Lines starting with an hash or semicolon are ignored. Also empty lines.

[--permanent] --ipset=ipset --remove-entries-from-file=filename

Remove existing entries from the ipset from the file. For all entries that are listed in the file but not in the ipset, a warning will be printed.

The file should contain an entry per line. Lines starting with an hash or semicolon are ignored. Also empty lines.

--permanent --path-ipset=ipset

Print path of the ipset configuration file.

Options in this section affect only one particular service.

[--permanent] --info-service=service

Print information about the service service. The output format is: 

service


  ports: port1 ..


  protocols: protocol1 ..


  source-ports: source-port1 ..


  helpers: helper1 ..


  destination: ipv1:address1 ..

The following options are only usable in the permanent configuration.

--permanent --new-service=service

Add a new permanent and empty service.

Service names must be alphanumeric and may additionally include characters: '_' and '-'.

--permanent --new-service-from-file=filename [--name=service]

Add a new permanent service from a prepared service file with an optional name override.

--permanent --delete-service=service

Delete an existing permanent service.

--permanent --load-service-defaults=service

Load service default settings or report NO_DEFAULTS error.

--permanent --path-service=service

Print path of the service configuration file.

--permanent --service=service --set-description=description

Set new description to service

--permanent --service=service --get-description

Print description for service

--permanent --service=service --set-short=description

Set short description to service

--permanent --service=service --get-short

Print short description for service

--permanent --service=service --add-port=portid[-portid]/protocol

Add a new port to the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --remove-port=portid[-portid]/protocol

Remove a port from the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --query-port=portid[-portid]/protocol

Return whether the port has been added to the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --get-ports

List ports added to the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --add-protocol=protocol

Add a new protocol to the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --remove-protocol=protocol

Remove a protocol from the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --query-protocol=protocol

Return whether the protocol has been added to the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --get-protocols

List protocols added to the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --add-source-port=portid[-portid]/protocol

Add a new source port to the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --remove-source-port=portid[-portid]/protocol

Remove a source port from the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --query-source-port=portid[-portid]/protocol

Return whether the source port has been added to the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --get-source-ports

List source ports added to the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --add-helper=helper

Add a new helper to the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --remove-helper=helper

Remove a helper from the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --query-helper=helper

Return whether the helper has been added to the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --get-service-helpers

List helpers added to the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --set-destination=ipv:address[/mask]

Set destination for ipv to address[/mask] in the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --remove-destination=ipv

Remove the destination for ipv from the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --query-destination=ipv:address[/mask]

Return whether the destination ipv to address[/mask] has been set in the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --get-destinations

List destinations added to the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --add-include=service

Add a new include to the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --remove-include=service

Remove a include from the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --query-include=service

Return whether the include has been added to the permanent service.

--permanent --service=service --get-includes

List includes added to the permanent service.

Options in this section affect only one particular helper.

[--permanent] --info-helper=helper

Print information about the helper helper. The output format is: 

helper


  family: family


  module: module


  ports: port1 ..

The following options are only usable in the permanent configuration.

--permanent --new-helper=helper --module=nf_conntrack_module [--family=ipv4|ipv6]

Add a new permanent helper with module and optionally family defined.

Helper names must be alphanumeric and may additionally include characters: '-'.

--permanent --new-helper-from-file=filename [--name=helper]

Add a new permanent helper from a prepared helper file with an optional name override.

--permanent --delete-helper=helper

Delete an existing permanent helper.

--permanent --load-helper-defaults=helper

Load helper default settings or report NO_DEFAULTS error.

--permanent --path-helper=helper

Print path of the helper configuration file.

[--permanent] --get-helpers

Print predefined helpers as a space separated list.

--permanent --helper=helper --set-description=description

Set new description to helper

--permanent --helper=helper --get-description

Print description for helper

--permanent --helper=helper --set-short=description

Set short description to helper

--permanent --helper=helper --get-short

Print short description for helper

--permanent --helper=helper --add-port=portid[-portid]/protocol

Add a new port to the permanent helper.

--permanent --helper=helper --remove-port=portid[-portid]/protocol

Remove a port from the permanent helper.

--permanent --helper=helper --query-port=portid[-portid]/protocol

Return whether the port has been added to the permanent helper.

--permanent --helper=helper --get-ports

List ports added to the permanent helper.

--permanent --helper=helper --set-module=description

Set module description for helper

--permanent --helper=helper --get-module

Print module description for helper

--permanent --helper=helper --set-family=description

Set family description for helper

--permanent --helper=helper --get-family

Print family description of helper

Options in this section affect only one particular icmptype.

[--permanent] --info-icmptype=icmptype

Print information about the icmptype icmptype. The output format is: 

icmptype


  destination: ipv1 ..

The following options are only usable in the permanent configuration.

--permanent --new-icmptype=icmptype

Add a new permanent and empty icmptype.

ICMP type names must be alphanumeric and may additionally include characters: '_' and '-'.

--permanent --new-icmptype-from-file=filename [--name=icmptype]

Add a new permanent icmptype from a prepared icmptype file with an optional name override.

--permanent --delete-icmptype=icmptype

Delete an existing permanent icmptype.

--permanent --load-icmptype-defaults=icmptype

Load icmptype default settings or report NO_DEFAULTS error.

--permanent --icmptype=icmptype --set-description=description

Set new description to icmptype

--permanent --icmptype=icmptype --get-description

Print description for icmptype

--permanent --icmptype=icmptype --set-short=description

Set short description to icmptype

--permanent --icmptype=icmptype --get-short

Print short description for icmptype

--permanent --icmptype=icmptype --add-destination=ipv

Enable destination for ipv in permanent icmptype. ipv is one of ipv4 or ipv6.

--permanent --icmptype=icmptype --remove-destination=ipv

Disable destination for ipv in permanent icmptype. ipv is one of ipv4 or ipv6.

--permanent --icmptype=icmptype --query-destination=ipv

Return whether destination for ipv is enabled in permanent icmptype. ipv is one of ipv4 or ipv6.

--permanent --icmptype=icmptype --get-destinations

List destinations in permanent icmptype.

--permanent --path-icmptype=icmptype

Print path of the icmptype configuration file.

DEPRECATED

The direct interface has been deprecated. It will be removed in a future release. It is superseded by policies, see firewalld.policies(5).

The direct options give a more direct access to the firewall. These options require user to know basic iptables concepts, i.e. table (filter/mangle/nat/...), chain (INPUT/OUTPUT/FORWARD/...), commands (-A/-D/-I/...), parameters (-p/-s/-d/-j/...) and targets (ACCEPT/DROP/REJECT/...).

Direct options should be used only as a last resort when it's not possible to use for example --add-service=service or --add-rich-rule='rule'.

Warning: Direct rules behavior is different depending on the value of FirewallBackend. See CAVEATS in firewalld.direct(5).

The first argument of each option has to be ipv4 or ipv6 or eb. With ipv4 it will be for IPv4 (iptables(8)), with ipv6 for IPv6 (ip6tables(8)) and with eb for ethernet bridges (ebtables(8)).

[--permanent] --direct --get-all-chains

Get all chains added to all tables. This option concerns only chains previously added with --direct --add-chain.

[--permanent] --direct --get-chains { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } table

Get all chains added to table table as a space separated list. This option concerns only chains previously added with --direct --add-chain.

[--permanent] --direct --add-chain { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } table chain

Add a new chain with name chain to table table. Make sure there's no other chain with this name already.

There already exist basic chains to use with direct options, for example INPUT_direct chain (see iptables-save | grep direct output for all of them). These chains are jumped into before chains for zones, i.e. every rule put into INPUT_direct will be checked before rules in zones.

[--permanent] --direct --remove-chain { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } table chain

Remove chain with name chain from table table. Only chains previously added with --direct --add-chain can be removed this way.

[--permanent] --direct --query-chain { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } table chain

Return whether a chain with name chain exists in table table. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise. This option concerns only chains previously added with --direct --add-chain.

[--permanent] --direct --get-all-rules

Get all rules added to all chains in all tables as a newline separated list of the priority and arguments. This option concerns only rules previously added with --direct --add-rule.

[--permanent] --direct --get-rules { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } table chain

Get all rules added to chain chain in table table as a newline separated list of the priority and arguments. This option concerns only rules previously added with --direct --add-rule.

[--permanent] --direct --add-rule { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } table chain priority args

Add a rule with the arguments args to chain chain in table table with priority priority.

The priority is used to order rules. Priority 0 means add rule on top of the chain, with a higher priority the rule will be added further down. Rules with the same priority are on the same level and the order of these rules is not fixed and may change. If you want to make sure that a rule will be added after another one, use a low priority for the first and a higher for the following.

[--permanent] --direct --remove-rule { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } table chain priority args

Remove a rule with priority and the arguments args from chain chain in table table. Only rules previously added with --direct --add-rule can be removed this way.

[--permanent] --direct --remove-rules { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } table chain

Remove all rules in the chain with name chain exists in table table. This option concerns only rules previously added with --direct --add-rule in this chain.

[--permanent] --direct --query-rule { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } table chain priority args

Return whether a rule with priority and the arguments args exists in chain chain in table table. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise. This option concerns only rules previously added with --direct --add-rule.

--direct --passthrough { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } args

Pass a command through to the firewall. args can be all iptables, ip6tables and ebtables command line arguments. This command is untracked, which means that firewalld is not able to provide information about this command later on, also not a listing of the untracked passthoughs.

[--permanent] --direct --get-all-passthroughs

Get all passthrough rules as a newline separated list of the ipv value and arguments.

[--permanent] --direct --get-passthroughs { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb }

Get all passthrough rules for the ipv value as a newline separated list of the priority and arguments.

[--permanent] --direct --add-passthrough { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } args

Add a passthrough rule with the arguments args for the ipv value.

[--permanent] --direct --remove-passthrough { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } args

Remove a passthrough rule with the arguments args for the ipv value.

[--permanent] --direct --query-passthrough { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } args

Return whether a passthrough rule with the arguments args exists for the ipv value. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

Local applications or services are able to change the firewall configuration if they are running as root (example: libvirt) or are authenticated using PolicyKit. With this feature administrators can lock the firewall configuration so that only applications on lockdown whitelist are able to request firewall changes.

The lockdown access check limits D-Bus methods that are changing firewall rules. Query, list and get methods are not limited.

The lockdown feature is a very light version of user and application policies for firewalld and is turned off by default.

--lockdown-on

Enable lockdown. Be careful - if firewall-cmd is not on lockdown whitelist when you enable lockdown you won't be able to disable it again with firewall-cmd, you would need to edit firewalld.conf.

This is a runtime and permanent change.

--lockdown-off

Disable lockdown.

This is a runtime and permanent change.

--query-lockdown

Query whether lockdown is enabled. Returns 0 if lockdown is enabled, 1 otherwise.

The lockdown whitelist can contain commands, contexts, users and user ids.

If a command entry on the whitelist ends with an asterisk '*', then all command lines starting with the command will match. If the '*' is not there the absolute command inclusive arguments must match.

Command paths for users are not always the same and depends on the users PATH. Some distributions symlink /bin to /usr/bin in which case it depends on the order they appear in the PATH environment variable.

The context is the security (SELinux) context of a running application or service. To get the context of a running application use ps -e --context.

Warning: If the context is unconfined, then this will open access for more than the desired application.

The lockdown whitelist entries are checked in the following order:

1. context
2. uid
3. user
4. command

[--permanent] --list-lockdown-whitelist-commands

List all command lines that are on the whitelist.

[--permanent] --add-lockdown-whitelist-command=command

Add the command to the whitelist.

[--permanent] --remove-lockdown-whitelist-command=command

Remove the command from the whitelist.

[--permanent] --query-lockdown-whitelist-command=command

Query whether the command is on the whitelist. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

[--permanent] --list-lockdown-whitelist-contexts

List all contexts that are on the whitelist.

[--permanent] --add-lockdown-whitelist-context=context

Add the context context to the whitelist.

[--permanent] --remove-lockdown-whitelist-context=context

Remove the context from the whitelist.

[--permanent] --query-lockdown-whitelist-context=context

Query whether the context is on the whitelist. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

[--permanent] --list-lockdown-whitelist-uids

List all user ids that are on the whitelist.

[--permanent] --add-lockdown-whitelist-uid=uid

Add the user id uid to the whitelist.

[--permanent] --remove-lockdown-whitelist-uid=uid

Remove the user id uid from the whitelist.

[--permanent] --query-lockdown-whitelist-uid=uid

Query whether the user id uid is on the whitelist. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

[--permanent] --list-lockdown-whitelist-users

List all user names that are on the whitelist.

[--permanent] --add-lockdown-whitelist-user=user

Add the user name user to the whitelist.

[--permanent] --remove-lockdown-whitelist-user=user

Remove the user name user from the whitelist.

[--permanent] --query-lockdown-whitelist-user=user

Query whether the user name user is on the whitelist. Returns 0 if true, 1 otherwise.

--panic-on

Enable panic mode. All incoming and outgoing packets are dropped, active connections will expire. Enable this only if there are serious problems with your network environment. For example if the machine is getting hacked in.

This is a runtime only change.

--panic-off

Disable panic mode. After disabling panic mode established connections might work again, if panic mode was enabled for a short period of time.

This is a runtime only change.

--query-panic

Returns 0 if panic mode is enabled, 1 otherwise.

For more examples see http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FirewallD

Enable http service in default zone. This is runtime only change, i.e. effective until restart.

firewall-cmd --add-service=http

Enable port 443/tcp immediately and permanently in default zone. To make the change effective immediately and also after restart we need two commands. The first command makes the change in runtime configuration, i.e. makes it effective immediately, until restart. The second command makes the change in permanent configuration, i.e. makes it effective after restart.

firewall-cmd --add-port=443/tcp
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=443/tcp

On success 0 is returned. On failure the output is red colored and exit code is either 2 in case of wrong command-line option usage or one of the following error codes in other cases:

String Code
ALREADY_ENABLED 11
NOT_ENABLED 12
COMMAND_FAILED 13
NO_IPV6_NAT 14
PANIC_MODE 15
ZONE_ALREADY_SET 16
UNKNOWN_INTERFACE 17
ZONE_CONFLICT 18
BUILTIN_CHAIN 19
EBTABLES_NO_REJECT 20
NOT_OVERLOADABLE 21
NO_DEFAULTS 22
BUILTIN_ZONE 23
BUILTIN_SERVICE 24
BUILTIN_ICMPTYPE 25
NAME_CONFLICT 26
NAME_MISMATCH 27
PARSE_ERROR 28
ACCESS_DENIED 29
UNKNOWN_SOURCE 30
RT_TO_PERM_FAILED 31
IPSET_WITH_TIMEOUT 32
BUILTIN_IPSET 33
ALREADY_SET 34
MISSING_IMPORT 35
DBUS_ERROR 36
BUILTIN_HELPER 37
NOT_APPLIED 38
INVALID_ACTION 100
INVALID_SERVICE 101
INVALID_PORT 102
INVALID_PROTOCOL 103
INVALID_INTERFACE 104
INVALID_ADDR 105
INVALID_FORWARD 106
INVALID_ICMPTYPE 107
INVALID_TABLE 108
INVALID_CHAIN 109
INVALID_TARGET 110
INVALID_IPV 111
INVALID_ZONE 112
INVALID_PROPERTY 113
INVALID_VALUE 114
INVALID_OBJECT 115
INVALID_NAME 116
INVALID_FILENAME 117
INVALID_DIRECTORY 118
INVALID_TYPE 119
INVALID_SETTING 120
INVALID_DESTINATION 121
INVALID_RULE 122
INVALID_LIMIT 123
INVALID_FAMILY 124
INVALID_LOG_LEVEL 125
INVALID_AUDIT_TYPE 126
INVALID_MARK 127
INVALID_CONTEXT 128
INVALID_COMMAND 129
INVALID_USER 130
INVALID_UID 131
INVALID_MODULE 132
INVALID_PASSTHROUGH 133
INVALID_MAC 134
INVALID_IPSET 135
INVALID_ENTRY 136
INVALID_OPTION 137
INVALID_HELPER 138
INVALID_PRIORITY 139
INVALID_POLICY 140
INVALID_LOG_PREFIX 141
INVALID_NFLOG_GROUP 142
INVALID_NFLOG_QUEUE 143
MISSING_TABLE 200
MISSING_CHAIN 201
MISSING_PORT 202
MISSING_PROTOCOL 203
MISSING_ADDR 204
MISSING_NAME 205
MISSING_SETTING 206
MISSING_FAMILY 207
RUNNING_BUT_FAILED 251
NOT_RUNNING 252
NOT_AUTHORIZED 253
UNKNOWN_ERROR 254

Note that return codes of --query-* options are special: Successful queries return 0, unsuccessful ones return 1 unless an error occurred in which case the table above applies.

firewall-applet(1), firewalld(1), firewall-cmd(1), firewall-config(1), firewalld.conf(5), firewalld.direct(5), firewalld.dbus(5), firewalld.icmptype(5), firewalld.lockdown-whitelist(5), firewall-offline-cmd(1), firewalld.richlanguage(5), firewalld.service(5), firewalld.zone(5), firewalld.zones(5), firewalld.policy(5), firewalld.policies(5), firewalld.ipset(5), firewalld.helper(5)

firewalld home page:

http://firewalld.org

More documentation with examples:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FirewallD

Thomas Woerner <twoerner@redhat.com>

Developer

Jiri Popelka <jpopelka@redhat.com>

Developer

Eric Garver <eric@garver.life>

Developer
firewalld 1.3.3