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NG_BRIDGE(4) Device Drivers Manual NG_BRIDGE(4)

ng_bridge — Ethernet bridging netgraph node type

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netgraph/ng_bridge.h>

The bridge node type performs Ethernet bridging over one or more links. Each link (represented by a connected hook) is used to transmit and receive raw Ethernet frames. As packets are received, the node learns which link each host resides on. Packets unicast to a known host are directed out the appropriate link only, and other links are spared the traffic. This behavior is in contrast to a hub, which always forwards every received packet to every other link.

The bridge node incorporates a simple loop detection algorithm. A loop is when two ports are connected to the same physical medium. Loops are important to avoid because of packet storms, which severely degrade performance. A packet storm results when the same packet is sent and received over and over again. If a host is detected on link A, and is then detected on link B within a certain time period after first being detected on link A, then link B is considered to be a looped back link. The time period is called the minimum stable time.

A looped back link will be temporarily muted, i.e., all traffic received on that link is ignored.

Processing of IP packets via the ipfirewall(4) mechanism on a per-link basis is not yet implemented.

This node type supports an unlimited number of hooks. Each connected hook represents a bridged link. The hooks are named link0, link1, etc. Typically these hooks are connected to the lower hooks of one or more ng_ether(4) nodes. To connect the host machine to a bridged network, simply connect the upper hook of an ng_ether(4) node to the bridge node.

This node type supports the generic control messages, plus the following:

(setconfig)
Set the node configuration. This command takes a struct ng_bridge_config as an argument: 
/* Node configuration structure */
struct ng_bridge_config {
  u_char      debugLevel;           /* debug level */
  uint32_t    loopTimeout;          /* link loopback mute time */
  uint32_t    maxStaleness;         /* max host age before nuking */
  uint32_t    minStableAge;         /* min time for a stable host */
};

The debugLevel field sets the debug level on the node. At level of 2 or greater, detected loops are logged. The default level is 1.

The loopTimeout determines how long (in seconds) a looped link is muted. The default is 60 seconds. The maxStaleness parameter determines how long a period of inactivity before a host's entry is forgotten. The default is 15 minutes. The minStableAge determines how quickly a host must jump from one link to another before we declare a loopback condition. The default is one second.

(getconfig)
Returns the current configuration as a struct ng_bridge_config.
(reset)
Causes the node to forget all hosts and unmute all links. The node configuration is not changed.
(getstats)
This command takes a four byte link number as an argument and returns a struct ng_bridge_link_stats containing statistics for the corresponding link, which must be currently connected: 
/* Statistics structure (one for each link) */
struct ng_bridge_link_stats {
  uint64_t   recvOctets;     /* total octets rec'd on link */
  uint64_t   recvPackets;    /* total pkts rec'd on link */
  uint64_t   recvMulticasts; /* multicast pkts rec'd on link */
  uint64_t   recvBroadcasts; /* broadcast pkts rec'd on link */
  uint64_t   recvUnknown;    /* pkts rec'd with unknown dest addr */
  uint64_t   recvRunts;      /* pkts rec'd less than 14 bytes */
  uint64_t   recvInvalid;    /* pkts rec'd with bogus source addr */
  uint64_t   xmitOctets;     /* total octets xmit'd on link */
  uint64_t   xmitPackets;    /* total pkts xmit'd on link */
  uint64_t   xmitMulticasts; /* multicast pkts xmit'd on link */
  uint64_t   xmitBroadcasts; /* broadcast pkts xmit'd on link */
  uint64_t   loopDrops;      /* pkts dropped due to loopback */
  uint64_t   loopDetects;    /* number of loop detections */
  uint64_t   memoryFailures; /* times couldn't get mem or mbuf */
};
(clrstats)
This command takes a four byte link number as an argument and clears the statistics for that link.
(getclrstats)
Same as NGM_BRIDGE_GET_STATS, but also atomically clears the statistics as well.
(gettable)
Returns the current host mapping table used to direct packets, in a struct ng_bridge_host_ary.
(setpersistent)
This command sets the persistent flag on the node, and takes no arguments.

This node shuts down upon receipt of a NGM_SHUTDOWN control message, or when all hooks have been disconnected. Setting the persistent flag via a NGM_BRIDGE_SET_PERSISTENT control message disables automatic node shutdown when the last hook gets disconnected.

/usr/share/examples/netgraph/ether.bridge
Example script showing how to set up a bridging network

if_bridge(4), netgraph(4), ng_ether(4), ng_hub(4), ng_one2many(4), ngctl(8)

The ng_bridge node type was implemented in FreeBSD 4.2.

Archie Cobbs <archie@FreeBSD.org>

October 2, 2019 Debian