| Plack::Request(3pm) | User Contributed Perl Documentation | Plack::Request(3pm) |
Plack::Request - Portable HTTP request object from PSGI env hash
use Plack::Request;
my $app_or_middleware = sub {
my $env = shift; # PSGI env
my $req = Plack::Request->new($env);
my $path_info = $req->path_info;
my $query = $req->parameters->{query};
my $res = $req->new_response(200); # new Plack::Response
$res->finalize;
};
Plack::Request provides a consistent API for request objects across web server environments.
Note that this module is intended to be used by Plack middleware developers and web application framework developers rather than application developers (end users).
Writing your web application directly using Plack::Request is certainly possible but not recommended: it's like doing so with mod_perl's Apache::Request: yet too low level.
If you're writing a web application, not a framework, then you're encouraged to use one of the web application frameworks that support PSGI (<http://plackperl.org/#frameworks>), or see modules like HTTP::Engine to provide higher level Request and Response API on top of PSGI.
If you're looking for an easy-to-use API to convert existing CGI applications to run on PSGI, consider using CGI::PSGI or CGI::Emulate::PSGI as well. CGI::Emulate::PSGI documentation has a good summary of using them to convert existing CGI scripts to adapt to PSGI.
Some of the methods defined in the earlier versions are deprecated in version 0.99. Take a look at "INCOMPATIBILITIES".
Unless otherwise noted, all methods and attributes are read-only, and passing values to the method like an accessor doesn't work like you expect it to.
Plack::Request->new( $env );
Creates a new request object.
$req->logger->({ level => 'debug', message => "This is a debug message" });
If there are multiple cookies with the same name in the request, this method will ignore the duplicates and return only the first value. If that causes issues for you, you may have to use modules like CGI::Simple::Cookie to parse "$request->header('Cookie')" by yourself.
Every time this method is called it returns a new, cloned URI object.
Every time this method is called it returns a new, cloned URI object.
Before version 0.9925, this method was a shortcut for "$req->headers->content_length".
If you want just the MIME type, without any attributes like charset, use "$req->headers->content_type". See also "content_type" in HTTP::Headers.
Before version 0.9925, this method was a shortcut for "$req->headers->content_type".
You are not recommended to use this method since it is easy to misuse in a list context such as inside a hash constructor or method arguments. Use "parameters" and Hash::MultiValue instead.
Unlike CGI.pm, it does not allow setting or modifying query parameters.
$value = $req->param( 'foo' );
@values = $req->param( 'foo' );
@params = $req->param;
$upload = $req->upload('field');
@uploads = $req->upload('field');
@fields = $req->upload;
for my $upload ( $req->upload('field') ) {
print $upload->filename;
}
my $res = $req->new_response;
Creates a new Plack::Response object. Handy to remove dependency on Plack::Response in your code for easy subclassing and duck typing in web application frameworks, as well as overriding Response generation in middlewares.
Parameters that can take one or multiple values (i.e. "parameters", "query_parameters", "body_parameters" and "uploads") store the hash reference as a Hash::MultiValue object. This means you can use the hash reference as a plain hash where values are always scalars (NOT array references), so you don't need to code ugly and unsafe "ref ... eq 'ARRAY'" anymore.
And if you explicitly want to get multiple values of the same key, you can call the "get_all" method on it, such as:
my @foo = $req->query_parameters->get_all('foo');
You can also call "get_one" to always get one parameter independent of the context (unlike "param"), and even call "mixed" (with Hash::MultiValue 0.05 or later) to get the traditional hash reference,
my $params = $req->parameters->mixed;
where values are either a scalar or an array reference depending on input, so it might be useful if you already have the code to deal with that ugliness.
The methods to parse request body ("content", "body_parameters" and "uploads") are carefully coded to save the parsed body in the environment hash as well as in the temporary buffer, so you can call them multiple times and create Plack::Request objects multiple times in a request and they should work safely, and won't parse request body more than twice for the efficiency.
If your application or framework wants to dispatch (or route) actions based on request paths, be sure to use "$req->path_info" not "$req->uri->path".
This is because "path_info" gives you the virtual path of the request, regardless of how your application is mounted. If your application is hosted with mod_perl or CGI scripts, or even multiplexed with tools like Plack::App::URLMap, request's "path_info" always gives you the action path.
Note that "path_info" might give you an empty string, in which case you should assume that the path is "/".
You will also want to use "$req->base" as a base prefix when building URLs in your templates or in redirections. It's a good idea for you to subclass Plack::Request and define methods such as:
sub uri_for {
my($self, $path, $args) = @_;
my $uri = $self->base;
$uri->path($uri->path . $path);
$uri->query_form(@$args) if $args;
$uri;
}
So you can say:
my $link = $req->uri_for('/logout', [ signoff => 1 ]);
and if "$req->base" is "/app" you'll get the full URI for "/app/logout?signoff=1".
In version 0.99, many utility methods are removed or deprecated, and most methods are made read-only. These methods were deleted in version 1.0001.
All parameter-related methods such as "parameters", "body_parameters", "query_parameters" and "uploads" now contains Hash::MultiValue objects, rather than scalar or an array reference depending on the user input which is insecure. See Hash::MultiValue for more about this change.
"$req->path" method had a bug, where the code and the document was mismatching. The document was suggesting it returns the sub request path after "$req->base" but the code was always returning the absolute URI path. The code is now updated to be an alias of "$req->path_info" but returns "/" in case it's empty. If you need the older behavior, just call "$req->uri->path" instead.
Cookie handling is simplified, and doesn't use CGI::Simple::Cookie anymore, which means you CAN NOT set array reference or hash reference as a cookie value and expect it be serialized. You're always required to set string value, and encoding or decoding them is totally up to your application or framework. Also, "cookies" hash reference now returns strings for the cookies rather than CGI::Simple::Cookie objects, which means you no longer have to write a wacky code such as:
$v = $req->cookies->{foo} ? $req->cookies->{foo}->value : undef;
and instead, simply do:
$v = $req->cookies->{foo};
Tatsuhiko Miyagawa
Kazuhiro Osawa
Tokuhiro Matsuno
Plack::Response HTTP::Request, Catalyst::Request
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
| 2022-09-06 | perl v5.34.0 |