NAME

MPI_Exscan, MPI_Iexscan - Computes an exclusive scan (partial reduction)

SYNTAX

C Syntax

#include <mpi.h>
int MPI_Exscan(const void *sendbuf, void *recvbuf, int count,
	MPI_Datatype datatype, MPI_Op op, MPI_Comm comm)
int MPI_Iexscan(const void *sendbuf, void *recvbuf, int count,
	MPI_Datatype datatype, MPI_Op op, MPI_Comm comm,
	MPI_Request *request)

Fortran Syntax

USE MPI
! or the older form: INCLUDE 'mpif.h'
MPI_EXSCAN(SENDBUF, RECVBUF, COUNT, DATATYPE, OP, COMM, IERROR)
	<type>	SENDBUF(*), RECVBUF(*)
	INTEGER	COUNT, DATATYPE, OP, COMM, IERROR
MPI_IEXSCAN(SENDBUF, RECVBUF, COUNT, DATATYPE, OP, COMM, REQUEST, IERROR)
	<type>	SENDBUF(*), RECVBUF(*)
	INTEGER	COUNT, DATATYPE, OP, COMM, REQUEST, IERROR

Fortran 2008 Syntax

USE mpi_f08
MPI_Exscan(sendbuf, recvbuf, count, datatype, op, comm, ierror)
	TYPE(*), DIMENSION(..), INTENT(IN) :: sendbuf
	TYPE(*), DIMENSION(..) :: recvbuf
	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: count
	TYPE(MPI_Datatype), INTENT(IN) :: datatype
	TYPE(MPI_Op), INTENT(IN) :: op
	TYPE(MPI_Comm), INTENT(IN) :: comm
	INTEGER, OPTIONAL, INTENT(OUT) :: ierror
MPI_Iexscan(sendbuf, recvbuf, count, datatype, op, comm, request, ierror)
	TYPE(*), DIMENSION(..), INTENT(IN), ASYNCHRONOUS :: sendbuf
	TYPE(*), DIMENSION(..), ASYNCHRONOUS :: recvbuf
	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: count
	TYPE(MPI_Datatype), INTENT(IN) :: datatype
	TYPE(MPI_Op), INTENT(IN) :: op
	TYPE(MPI_Comm), INTENT(IN) :: comm
	TYPE(MPI_Request), INTENT(OUT) :: request
	INTEGER, OPTIONAL, INTENT(OUT) :: ierror

C++ Syntax

#include <mpi.h>
void MPI::Intracomm::Exscan(const void* sendbuf, void* recvbuf,
	int count, const MPI::Datatype& datatype,
	const MPI::Op& op) const

INPUT PARAMETERS

sendbuf: Send buffer (choice).
count: Number of elements in input buffer (integer).
datatype: Data type of elements of input buffer (handle).
op: Operation (handle).
comm: Communicator (handle).

OUTPUT PARAMETERS

recvbuf: Receive buffer (choice).
request: Request (handle, non-blocking only).
IERROR: Fortran only: Error status (integer).

DESCRIPTION

MPI_Exscan is used to perform an exclusive prefix reduction on data distributed across the calling processes. The operation returns, in the recvbuf of the process with rank i, the reduction (calculated according to the function op) of the values in the sendbufs of processes with ranks 0, ..., i-1. Compare this with the functionality of MPI_Scan, which calculates over the range 0, ..., i (inclusive). The type of operations supported, their semantics, and the constraints on send and receive buffers are as for MPI_Reduce.

The value in recvbuf on process 0 is undefined and unreliable as recvbuf is not significant for process 0. The value of recvbuf on process 1 is always the value in sendbuf on process 0.

USE OF IN-PLACE OPTION

The `in place' option for intracommunicators is specified by passing MPI_IN_PLACE in the sendbuf argument. In this case, the input data is taken from the receive buffer, and replaced by the output data.

Note that MPI_IN_PLACE is a special kind of value; it has the same restrictions on its use as MPI_BOTTOM.

Because the in-place option converts the receive buffer into a send-and-receive buffer, a Fortran binding that includes INTENT must mark these as INOUT, not OUT.

NOTES

MPI does not specify which process computes which operation. In particular, both processes 0 and 1 may participate in the computation even though the results for both processes' recvbuf are degenerate. Therefore, all processes, including 0 and 1, must provide the same op.

It can be argued, from a mathematical perspective, that the definition of MPI_Exscan is unsatisfactory because the output at process 0 is undefined. The "mathematically correct" output for process 0 would be the unit element of the reduction operation. However, such a definition of an exclusive scan would not work with user-defined op functions as there is no way for MPI to "know" the unit value for these custom operations.

NOTES ON COLLECTIVE OPERATIONS

The reduction functions of type MPI_Op do not return an error value. As a result, if the functions detect an error, all they can do is either call MPI_Abort or silently skip the problem. Thus, if the error handler is changed from MPI_ERRORS_ARE_FATAL to something else (e.g., MPI_ERRORS_RETURN), then no error may be indicated.

The reason for this is the performance problems in ensuring that all collective routines return the same error value.

ERRORS

Almost all MPI routines return an error value; C routines as the value of the function and Fortran routines in the last argument. C++ functions do not return errors. If the default error handler is set to MPI::ERRORS_THROW_EXCEPTIONS, then on error the C++ exception mechanism will be used to throw an MPI::Exception object.

Before the error value is returned, the current MPI error handler is called. By default, this error handler aborts the MPI job, except for I/O function errors. The error handler may be changed with MPI_Comm_set_errhandler; the predefined error handler MPI_ERRORS_RETURN may be used to cause error values to be returned. Note that MPI does not guarantee that an MPI program can continue past an error.

See the MPI man page for a full list of MPI error codes.