Directives

Two directives can be used to control the parsing of configuration files: .include and .pragma.

For compatibility with older versions of OpenSSL, an equal sign after the directive will be ignored. Older versions will treat it as an assignment, so care should be taken if the difference in semantics is important.

A file can include other files using the include syntax:

  .include [=] pathname

If pathname is a simple filename, that file is included directly at that point. Included files can have .include statements that specify other files. If pathname is a directory, all files within that directory that have a ".cnf" or ".conf" extension will be included. (This is only available on systems with POSIX IO support.) Any sub-directories found inside the pathname are ignored. Similarly, if a file is opened while scanning a directory, and that file has an .include directive that specifies a directory, that is also ignored.

As a general rule, the pathname should be an absolute path; this can be enforced with the abspath and includedir pragmas, described below. The environment variable OPENSSL_CONF_INCLUDE, if it exists, is prepended to all relative pathnames. If the pathname is still relative, it is interpreted based on the current working directory.

To require all file inclusions to name absolute paths, use the following directive:

 .pragma [=] abspath:value

The default behavior, where the value is false or off, is to allow relative paths. To require all .include pathnames to be absolute paths, use a value of true or on.

In these files, the dollar sign, $, is used to reference a variable, as described below. On some platforms, however, it is common to treat $ as a regular character in symbol names. Supporting this behavior can be done with the following directive:

 .pragma [=] dollarid:value

The default behavior, where the value is false or off, is to treat the dollarsign as indicating a variable name; "foo$bar" is interpreted as "foo" followed by the expansion of the variable "bar". If value is true or on, then "foo$bar" is a single seven-character name and variable expansions must be specified using braces or parentheses.

 .pragma [=] includedir:value

If a relative pathname is specified in the .include directive, and the OPENSSL_CONF_INCLUDE environment variable doesn't exist, then the value of the includedir pragma, if it exists, is prepended to the pathname.

Settings

A configuration file is divided into a number of sections. A section begins with the section name in square brackets, and ends when a new section starts, or at the end of the file. The section name can consist of alphanumeric characters and underscores. Whitespace between the name and the brackets is removed.

The first section of a configuration file is special and is referred to as the default section. This section is usually unnamed and spans from the start of file until the first named section. When a name is being looked up, it is first looked up in the current or named section, and then the default section if necessary.

The environment is mapped onto a section called ENV.

Within a section are a series of name/value assignments, described in more detail below. As a reminder, the square brackets shown in this example are required, not optional:

 [ section ]
 name1 = This is value1
 name2 = Another value
 ...
 [ newsection ]
 name1 = New value1
 name3 = Value 3

The name can contain any alphanumeric characters as well as a few punctuation symbols such as . , ; and _. Whitespace after the name and before the equal sign is ignored.

If a name is repeated in the same section, then all but the last value are ignored. In certain circumstances, such as with Certificate DNs, the same field may occur multiple times. In order to support this, commands like openssl-req(1) ignore any leading text that is preceded with a period. For example:

 1.OU = First OU
 2.OU = Second OU

The value consists of the string following the = character until end of line with any leading and trailing whitespace removed.

The value string undergoes variable expansion. The text $var or "${var}" inserts the value of the named variable from the current section. To use a value from another section use $section::name or "${section::name}". By using $ENV::name, the value of the specified environment variable will be substituted.

Variables must be defined before their value is referenced, otherwise an error is flagged and the file will not load. This can be worked around by specifying a default value in the default section before the variable is used.

Any name/value settings in an ENV section are available to the configuration file, but are not propagated to the environment.

It is an error if the value ends up longer than 64k.

It is possible to escape certain characters by using a single ' or double " quote around the value, or using a backslash \ before the character, By making the last character of a line a \ a value string can be spread across multiple lines. In addition the sequences \n, \r, \b and \t are recognized.

The expansion and escape rules as described above that apply to value also apply to the pathname of the .include directive.

ASN.1 Object Identifier Configuration

The name oid_section in the initialization section names the section containing name/value pairs of OID's. The name is the short name; the value is an optional long name followed by a comma, and the numeric value. While some OpenSSL commands have their own section for specifying OID's, this section makes them available to all commands and applications.

 [oids]
 shortName = a very long OID name, 1.2.3.4
 newoid1 = 1.2.3.4.1
 some_other_oid = 1.2.3.5

If a full configuration with the above fragment is in the file example.cnf, then the following command line:

 OPENSSL_CONF=example.cnf openssl asn1parse -genstr OID:1.2.3.4.1

will output:

 0:d=0  hl=2 l=   4 prim: OBJECT            :newoid1

showing that the OID "newoid1" has been added as "1.2.3.4.1".

Provider Configuration

The name providers in the initialization section names the section containing cryptographic provider configuration. The name/value assignments in this section each name a provider, and point to the configuration section for that provider. The provider-specific section is used to specify how to load the module, activate it, and set other parameters.

Within a provider section, the following names have meaning:

identity

This is used to specify an alternate name, overriding the default name specified in the list of providers. For example:

 [providers]
 foo = foo_provider
 [foo_provider]
 identity = my_fips_module
    

module

Specifies the pathname of the module (typically a shared library) to load.

activate

If present, the module is activated. The value assigned to this name is not significant.

All parameters in the section as well as sub-sections are made available to the provider.

Default provider and its activation

If no providers are activated explicitly, the default one is activated implicitly. See OSSL_PROVIDER-default(7) for more details.

If you add a section explicitly activating any other provider(s), you most probably need to explicitly activate the default provider, otherwise it becomes unavailable in openssl. It may make the system remotely unavailable.

EVP Configuration

The name alg_section in the initialization section names the section containing algorithmic properties when using the EVP API.

Within the algorithm properties section, the following names have meaning:

default_properties

The value may be anything that is acceptable as a property query string for EVP_set_default_properties().

fips_mode (deprecated)

The value is a boolean that can be yes or no. If the value is yes, this is exactly equivalent to:

 default_properties = fips=yes
    

If the value is no, nothing happens. Using this name is deprecated, and if used, it must be the only name in the section.

SSL Configuration

The name ssl_conf in the initialization section names the section containing the list of SSL/TLS configurations. As with the providers, each name in this section identifies a section with the configuration for that name. For example:

 [ssl_configuration]
 server = server_tls_config
 client = client_tls_config
 system_default = tls_system_default
 [server_tls_config]
 ... configuration for SSL/TLS servers ...
 [client_tls_config]
 ... configuration for SSL/TLS clients ...

The configuration name system_default has a special meaning. If it exists, it is applied whenever an SSL_CTX object is created. For example, to impose system-wide minimum TLS and DTLS protocol versions:

 [tls_system_default]
 MinProtocol = TLSv1.2
 MinProtocol = DTLSv1.2

The minimum TLS protocol is applied to SSL_CTX objects that are TLS-based, and the minimum DTLS protocol to those are DTLS-based. The same applies also to maximum versions set with MaxProtocol.

Each configuration section consists of name/value pairs that are parsed by SSL_CONF_cmd(3), which will be called by SSL_CTX_config() or SSL_config(), appropriately. Note that any characters before an initial dot in the configuration section are ignored, so that the same command can be used multiple times. This probably is most useful for loading different key types, as shown here:

 [server_tls_config]
 RSA.Certificate = server-rsa.pem
 ECDSA.Certificate = server-ecdsa.pem

Engine Configuration

The name engines in the initialization section names the section containing the list of ENGINE configurations. As with the providers, each name in this section identifies an engine with the configuration for that engine. The engine-specific section is used to specify how to load the engine, activate it, and set other parameters.

Within an engine section, the following names have meaning:

engine_id

This is used to specify an alternate name, overriding the default name specified in the list of engines. If present, it must be first. For example:

 [engines]
 foo = foo_engine
 [foo_engine]
 engine_id = myfoo
    

dynamic_path

This loads and adds an ENGINE from the given path. It is equivalent to sending the ctrls SO_PATH with the path argument followed by LIST_ADD with value 2 and LOAD to the dynamic ENGINE. If this is not the required behaviour then alternative ctrls can be sent directly to the dynamic ENGINE using ctrl commands.

init

This specifies whether to initialize the ENGINE. If the value is 0 the ENGINE will not be initialized, if the value is 1 an attempt is made to initialize the ENGINE immediately. If the init command is not present then an attempt will be made to initialize the ENGINE after all commands in its section have been processed.

default_algorithms

This sets the default algorithms an ENGINE will supply using the function ENGINE_set_default_string().

All other names are taken to be the name of a ctrl command that is sent to the ENGINE, and the value is the argument passed with the command. The special value EMPTY means no value is sent with the command. For example:

 [engines]
 foo = foo_engine
 [foo_engine]
 dynamic_path = /some/path/fooengine.so
 some_ctrl = some_value
 default_algorithms = ALL
 other_ctrl = EMPTY

Random Configuration

The name random in the initialization section names the section containing the random number generator settings.

Within the random section, the following names have meaning:

random

This is used to specify the random bit generator. For example:

 [random]
 random = CTR-DRBG
    

The available random bit generators are:

cipher

This specifies what cipher a CTR-DRBG random bit generator will use. Other random bit generators ignore this name. The default value is AES-256-CTR.

digest

This specifies what digest the HASH-DRBG or HMAC-DRBG random bit generators will use. Other random bit generators ignore this name.

properties

This sets the property query used when fetching the random bit generator and any underlying algorithms.

seed

This sets the randomness source that should be used. By default SEED-SRC will be used outside of the FIPS provider. The FIPS provider uses call backs to access the same randomness sources from outside the validated boundary.

seed_properties

This sets the property query used when fetching the randomness source.