NEWUSERS(8) | Commandes de gestion du systèm | NEWUSERS(8) |
newusers - Mettre à jour, ou créer de nouveaux utilisateurs par lots
newusers [options] [fichier]
The newusers command reads a file (or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see passwd(5)) with the exceptions explained below:
pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell
pw_name
It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by newusers). In case of an existing user, the user's information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created.
pw_passwd
pw_uid
If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by newusers.
Si ce champ contient un nombre, ce nombre sera utilisé comme UID.
If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by newusers), the UID of the specified user will be used.
Si l'UID d'un utilisateur existant est modifié, vous devrez configurer vous-même le propriétaire des fichiers de l'utilisateur.
pw_gid
If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by newusers), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user.
Si ce champ est un nombre, ce nombre sera utilisé comme identifiant de groupe primaire de cet utilisateur. Si aucun groupe n'existe avec ce GID, un nouveau groupe sera créé avec ce GID et le nom de l'utilisateur.
If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by newusers to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group.
If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by newusers), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by newusers to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group.
pw_gecos
pw_dir
If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group. Note that newusers does not create parent directories of the new user's home directory. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr informing the user of the failure. The newusers command will not halt or return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified.
If the home directory of an existing user is changed, newusers does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location. This should be done manually.
pw_shell
newusers first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases.
Lors du premier passage, les utilisateurs sont créés avec un mot de passe verrouillé (les mots de passe ne sont pas modifiés pour les utilisateurs non créés). Un second passage est utilisé pour mettre à jour les mots de passe en utilisant PAM. Les échecs de mise à jour des mots de passe sont signalés, mais n'empêchent pas les mises à jour des autres mots de passe.
Cette commande a été conçue pour les gros systèmes pour lesquels un grand nombre de comptes sont mis à jour en même temps.
The options which apply to the newusers command are:
--badname
-h, --help
-r, --system
System users will be created with no aging information in /etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the SYS_UID_MIN-SYS_UID_MAX range, defined in login.defs, instead of UID_MIN-UID_MAX (and their GID counterparts for the creation of groups).
-R, --root CHROOT_DIR
Le fichier d'entrée doit être correctement protégé puisqu'il contient des mots de passe en clair.
The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:
/etc/passwd
/etc/shadow
/etc/group
/etc/gshadow
/etc/login.defs
/etc/pam.d/newusers
/etc/subgid
/etc/subuid
23/03/2023 | shadow-utils 4.13 |