NAME

Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays

SYNOPSIS

  use Text::ParseWords;
  @lists = nested_quotewords($delim, $keep, @lines);
  @words = quotewords($delim, $keep, @lines);
  @words = shellwords(@lines);
  @words = parse_line($delim, $keep, $line);
  @words = old_shellwords(@lines); # DEPRECATED!

DESCRIPTION

The "nested_quotewords()" and "quotewords()" functions accept a delimiter (which can be a regular expression) and a list of lines and then breaks those lines up into a list of words ignoring delimiters that appear inside quotes. "quotewords()" returns all of the tokens in a single long list, while "nested_quotewords()" returns a list of token lists corresponding to the elements of @lines. "parse_line()" does tokenizing on a single string. The "*quotewords()" functions simply call "parse_line()", so if you're only splitting one line you can call "parse_line()" directly and save a function call.

The $keep controls what happens with delimters and special characters:

true

If true, then the tokens are split on the specified delimiter, but all other characters (including quotes and backslashes) are kept in the tokens.

false

If $keep is false then the "*quotewords()" functions remove all quotes and backslashes that are not themselves backslash-escaped or inside of single quotes (i.e., "quotewords()" tries to interpret these characters just like the Bourne shell). NB: these semantics are significantly different from the original version of this module shipped with Perl 5.000 through 5.004.

"delimiters"

As an additional feature, $keep may be the keyword "delimiters" which causes the functions to preserve the delimiters in each string as tokens in the token lists, in addition to preserving quote and backslash characters.

"shellwords()" is written as a special case of "quotewords()", and it does token parsing with whitespace as a delimiter-- similar to most Unix shells.

EXAMPLES

The sample program:

  use Text::ParseWords;
  @words = quotewords('\s+', 0, q{this   is "a test" of\ quotewords \"for you});
  $i = 0;
  foreach (@words) {
      print "$i: <$_>\n";
      $i++;
  }

produces:

  0: <this>
  1: <is>
  2: <a test>
  3: <of quotewords>
  4: <"for>
  5: <you>

demonstrating:

0

a simple word

1

multiple spaces are skipped because of our $delim

2

use of quotes to include a space in a word

3

use of a backslash to include a space in a word

4

use of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a double-quote

5

another simple word (note the lack of effect of the backslashed double-quote)

Replacing "quotewords('\s+', 0, q{this is...})" with "shellwords(q{this is...})" is a simpler way to accomplish the same thing.

SEE ALSO

Text::CSV - for parsing CSV files

AUTHORS

The original author is unknown, but presumably this evolved from "shellwords.pl" in Perl 4.

Much of the code for "parse_line()" (including the primary regexp) came from Joerk Behrends <jbehrends@multimediaproduzenten.de>.

Examples section and other documentation provided by John Heidemann <johnh@ISI.EDU>.

Hal Pomeranz <pomeranz@netcom.com> maintained this from 1994 through 1999, and did the first CPAN release.

Alexandr Ciornii <alexchornyATgmail.com> maintained this from 2008 to 2015.

Many other people have contributed, with special thanks due to Michael Schwern <schwern@envirolink.org> and Jeff Friedl <jfriedl@yahoo-inc.com>.

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

This library is free software; you may redistribute and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.