DOKK / manpages / debian 12 / postfix-pgsql / pgsql_table.5.en
PGSQL_TABLE(5) File Formats Manual PGSQL_TABLE(5)

pgsql_table - Postfix PostgreSQL client configuration

postmap -q "string" pgsql:/etc/postfix/filename
postmap -q - pgsql:/etc/postfix/filename <inputfile


The Postfix mail system uses optional tables for address rewriting or mail routing. These tables are usually in dbm or db format.

Alternatively, lookup tables can be specified as PostgreSQL databases. In order to use PostgreSQL lookups, define a PostgreSQL source as a lookup table in main.cf, for example:



    alias_maps = pgsql:/etc/postfix/pgsql-aliases.cf

The file /etc/postfix/pgsql-aliases.cf has the same format as the Postfix main.cf file, and can specify the parameters described below.



When using SQL to store lists such as $mynetworks, $mydestination,
    $relay_domains, $local_recipient_maps, etc., it is important to understand
    that the table must store each list member as a separate key. The table
    lookup verifies the *existence* of the key. See "Postfix lists versus
    tables" in the DATABASE_README document for a discussion.


Do NOT create tables that return the full list of domains in
    $mydestination or $relay_domains etc., or IP addresses in $mynetworks.


DO create tables with each matching item as a key and with an
    arbitrary value. With SQL databases it is not uncommon to return the key
    itself or a constant value.











  

  
The hosts that Postfix will try to connect to and query from. Besides a
      postgresql:// connection URI, this setting supports the historical
      forms unix:/pathname for UNIX-domain sockets and
      inet:host:port for TCP connections, where the unix:
      and inet: prefixes are accepted and ignored for backwards
      compatibility. Examples:
    


    hosts = postgresql://username@example.com/tablename?sslmode=require


    hosts = inet:host1.some.domain inet:host2.some.domain:port


    hosts = host1.some.domain host2.some.domain:port


    hosts = unix:/file/name

    
The hosts are tried in random order. The connections are
        automatically closed after being idle for about 1 minute, and are
        re-opened as necessary.

  

  

  
The user name and password to log into the pgsql server. Example:
    


    user = someone


    password = some_password

  

  

  
The database name on the servers. Example:
    


    dbname = customer_database

  

  

  
The SQL query template used to search the database, where %s is a
      substitute for the address Postfix is trying to resolve, e.g.
    


    query = SELECT replacement FROM aliases WHERE mailbox = '%s'

    
This parameter supports the following '%' expansions:

  







  
%%

  
This is replaced by a literal '%' character. (Postfix 2.2 and later)

  
%s

  
This is replaced by the input key. SQL quoting is used to make sure that
      the input key does not add unexpected metacharacters.

  
%u

  
When the input key is an address of the form user@domain, %u is
      replaced by the SQL quoted local part of the address. Otherwise, %u
      is replaced by the entire search string. If the localpart is empty, the
      query is suppressed and returns no results.

  
%d

  
When the input key is an address of the form user@domain, %d is
      replaced by the SQL quoted domain part of the address. Otherwise, the
      query is suppressed and returns no results.

  
%[SUD]

  
The upper-case equivalents of the above expansions behave in the
      query parameter identically to their lower-case counter-parts. With
      the result_format parameter (see below), they expand the input key
      rather than the result value.

  

  
The above %S, %U and %D expansions are available with Postfix 2.2 and
      later

  
%[1-9]

  
The patterns %1, %2, ... %9 are replaced by the corresponding most
      significant component of the input key's domain. If the input key is
      user@mail.example.com, then %1 is com, %2 is example
      and %3 is mail. If the input key is unqualified or does not have
      enough domain components to satisfy all the specified patterns, the query
      is suppressed and returns no results.

  

  
The above %1, ... %9 expansions are available with Postfix 2.2 and
    later







  

  
The domain parameter described below limits the input keys to
      addresses in matching domains. When the domain parameter is
      non-empty, SQL queries for unqualified addresses or addresses in
      non-matching domains are suppressed and return no results.
    
The precedence of this parameter has changed with Postfix 2.2,
        in prior releases the precedence was, from highest to lowest,
        select_function, query, select_field, ...

    
With Postfix 2.2 the query parameter has highest
        precedence, see OBSOLETE QUERY INTERFACES below.

    
NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the query parameter.

  

  

  
Format template applied to result attributes. Most commonly used to append
      (or prepend) text to the result. This parameter supports the following '%'
      expansions:







  
%%

  
This is replaced by a literal '%' character.

  
%s

  
This is replaced by the value of the result attribute. When result is
      empty it is skipped.

  
%u

  
When the result attribute value is an address of the form user@domain,
      %u is replaced by the local part of the address. When the result
      has an empty localpart it is skipped.

  
%d

  
When a result attribute value is an address of the form user@domain,
      %d is replaced by the domain part of the attribute value. When the
      result is unqualified it is skipped.

  
%[SUD1-9]

  
The upper-case and decimal digit expansions interpolate the parts of the
      input key rather than the result. Their behavior is identical to that
      described with query, and in fact because the input key is known in
      advance, queries whose key does not contain all the information specified
      in the result template are suppressed and return no results.







  

  
For example, using "result_format = smtp:[%s]" allows one to use
      a mailHost attribute as the basis of a transport(5) table. After applying
      the result format, multiple values are concatenated as comma separated
      strings. The expansion_limit and parameter explained below allows one to
      restrict the number of values in the result, which is especially useful
      for maps that must return at most one value.
    
The default value %s specifies that each result value
        should be used as is.

    
This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2 and later.

    
NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the result format!

  

  

  
This is a list of domain names, paths to files, or "type:table"
      databases. When specified, only fully qualified search keys with a
      *non-empty* localpart and a matching domain are eligible for lookup:
      'user' lookups, bare domain lookups and "@domain" lookups are
      not performed. This can significantly reduce the query load on the
      PostgreSQL server.
    


    domain = postfix.org, hash:/etc/postfix/searchdomains

    
It is best not to use SQL to store the domains eligible for
        SQL lookups.

    
This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2 and later.

    
NOTE: DO NOT define this parameter for local(8) aliases,
        because the input keys are always unqualified.

  

  

  
A limit on the total number of result elements returned (as a comma
      separated list) by a lookup against the map. A setting of zero disables
      the limit. Lookups fail with a temporary error if the limit is exceeded.
      Setting the limit to 1 ensures that lookups do not return multiple
    values.












For compatibility with other Postfix lookup tables, PostgreSQL
    parameters can also be defined in main.cf. In order to do that, specify as
    PostgreSQL source a name that doesn't begin with a slash or a dot. The
    PostgreSQL parameters will then be accessible as the name you've given the
    source in its definition, an underscore, and the name of the parameter. For
    example, if the map is specified as "pgsql:pgsqlname", the
    parameter "hosts" would be defined in main.cf as
    "pgsqlname_hosts".


Note: with this form, the passwords for the PostgreSQL sources are
    written in main.cf, which is normally world-readable. Support for this form
    will be removed in a future Postfix version.










This section describes query interfaces that are deprecated as of
    Postfix 2.2. Please migrate to the new query interface as the old
    interfaces are slated to be phased out.



  

  
This parameter specifies a database function name. Example:
    


    select_function = my_lookup_user_alias

    
This is equivalent to:

    


    query = SELECT my_lookup_user_alias('%s')

    
This parameter overrides the legacy table-related fields
        (described below). With Postfix versions prior to 2.2, it also overrides
        the query parameter. Starting with Postfix 2.2, the query
        parameter has highest precedence, and the select_function
        parameter is deprecated.

  




The following parameters (with lower precedence than the
    select_function interface described above) can be used to build the
    SQL select statement as follows:






    SELECT [select_field]


    FROM [table]


    WHERE [where_field] = '%s'


          [additional_conditions]


The specifier %s is replaced with each lookup by the lookup key
    and is escaped so if it contains single quotes or other odd characters, it
    will not cause a parse error, or worse, a security problem.


Starting with Postfix 2.2, this interface is obsoleted by the more
    general query interface described above. If higher precedence the
    query or select_function parameters described above are
    defined, the parameters described here are ignored.



  

  
The SQL "select" parameter. Example:
    


    select_field = forw_addr

  

  

  
The SQL "select .. from" table name. Example:
    


    table = mxaliases

  

  

  
The SQL "select .. where" parameter. Example:
    


    where_field = alias

  

  

  
Additional conditions to the SQL query. Example:
    


    additional_conditions = AND status = 'paid'

  










postmap(1), Postfix lookup table manager
postconf(5), configuration parameters
ldap_table(5), LDAP lookup tables
mysql_table(5), MySQL lookup tables
sqlite_table(5), SQLite lookup tables










Use "postconf readme_directory" or
    "postconf html_directory" to locate this information.


DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview
PGSQL_README, Postfix PostgreSQL client guide










The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this
  software.










PgSQL support was introduced with Postfix version 2.1.








Based on the MySQL client by:
Scott Cotton, Joshua Marcus
IC Group, Inc.
Ported to PostgreSQL by:
Aaron Sethman
Further enhanced by:
Liviu Daia
Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy
P.O. BOX 1-764
RO-014700 Bucharest, ROMANIA