| smenu(1) | General Commands Manual | smenu(1) |
smenu - filter that allows one to interactively select a word from stdin and outputs the selection to stdout.
[*-h|-help]
[*-H|-long_help]
[*-?|-u|-usage]
[*-V|-version]
[-n|-lines|-height [height]]
[-i|-in|-inc|-incl|-include... regex]
[-e|-ex|-exc|-excl|-exclude... regex]
[-m|-msg|-message|-title message]
[-!|-int|-int_string [string]]
[-a|-attr|-attributes prefix:attr...]
[-1|-l1|-level1 regex [attr]]
[-2|-l2|-level2 regex [attr]]
[-3|-l3|-level3 regex [attr]]
[-4|-l4|-level4 regex [attr]]
[-5|-l5|-level5 regex [attr]]
[-6|-l6|-level6 regex [attr]]
[-7|-l7|-level7 regex [attr]]
[-8|-l8|-level8 regex [attr]]
[-9|-l9|-level9 regex [attr]]
[-T|-tm|-tag|-tag_mode [delim]]
[-z|-zap|-zap_glyphs bytes]
[-P|-pm|-pin|-pin_mode [delim]]
[-0|-noat|-no_auto_tag]
[-p|-at|-auto_tag]
[-N|-number... [regex...]]
[-U|-unnumber... [regex...]]
[-F|-en|-embedded_number]
[-D|-data|-options [parameter...]
[-b|-blank]
[-M|-middle|-center]
[-d|-restore|-delete|-clean|-delete_window|-clean_window]
[-c|-col|-col_mode|-column]
[-l|-line|-line_mode]
[-t|-tab|-tab_mode|-tabulate_mode [cols]]
[-w|-wide|-wide_mode]
[-C|-cs|-cols|-cols_select... selector...]
[-R|-rs|-rows|-rows_select... selector...]
[-A|-fc|-first_column regex]
[-Z|-lc|-last_column regex]
[-g|-gutter [string]]
[-k|-ks|-keep_spaces]
[-W|-ws|-wd|-word_delimiters|-word_separators bytes]
[-L|-ls|-ld|-line-delimiters|-line_separators bytes]
[-q|-no_bar|-no-scroll_bar]
[-S|-subst... /regex/repl/opts]
[-I|-si|-subst_included... /regex/repl/opts]
[-E|-se|-subst_excluded... /regex/repl/opts]
[-ES|-early_subst... /regex/repl/opts]
[-/|-search_method prefix|substring|fuzzy]
[-s|-sp|-start|-start_pattern pattern]
[-x|-tmout|-timeout type [word] delay]
[-X|-htmout|-hidden_timeout type [word] delay]
[-r|-auto_validate]
[-is|-incremental_search]
[-v|-vb|-visual_bell]
[-Q|-ignore_quotes]
[-lim|-limits limit:value...]
[-f|-forgotten_timeout|-global_timeout timeout]
[-nm|-no_mouse]
[-br|-buttons|-button_remapping new_button_1 new_button_3]
[-dc|-dcd|-double_click|-double_click_delay delay_in_ms]
selectors ::= col1[-col2],...|row1[-row2],...|RE,...
parameter ::= [l|r:<char>]|[a:left|right]|[p:included|all|[w:<num>]|
[f:yes|no]|[o:<num>[+]]|[n:<num>]|[i:<num>]|[d:<char>]|
[s:<num>]|[h:trim|cut|keep]
attr ::= [fg][/bg][,style]
RE ::= <char>regex<char>
selectors and RE can be freely mixed.
style can only contain a maximum of 6 characters.
<char> in RE is any non-blank ASCII character except ','.
Note that some parameters require that others have been previously entered in the command line to be accepted.
This small utility acts as a filter when no input file is given (reads from stdin and writes to stdout) or takes its inputs from that file.
All words read are presented in a scrolling window on the terminal at the current cursor position, without clearing the screen first.
The selection cursor is initially positioned on the first selectable word by default.
There are options to explicitly or implicitly include or exclude words using extended regular expressions. Note that once certain words are explicitly excluded, they cannot be re-included later.
Excluded words are skipped when the selection cursor is moved and cannot be searched for.
The -W|-ws|-wd|-word_delimiters|-word_separators option can be used to set the characters (or multibyte sequences) which will be used to delimit the input words. The default delimiters are: SPACE, \t and \n.
The -L|-ls|-ld|-line-delimiters|-line_separators has a similar meaning for lines.
Special character sequences formed by a \ followed by one of the characters a b t n v f r and \ are understood and have their traditional meanings.
smenu strives to support UTF-8 encoding, both as input and output. UTF-8 sequences introduced by \u and \U are also understood.
Warning, when used together, it is important to know that all sequences beginning with \U will be interpreted before the beginning of the interpretation of sequences beginning with \u.
\u can be followed by 2,4,6 or 8 hexadecimal characters composing an UTF-8 bytestring. Here is an example of using \u to compose a Latin Small Letter E with Acute: \uc3a9.
\U must be followed by exactly 6 hexadecimal digits, including leading zeros, that represent a Unicode codepoint according to ISO 10646 UCS-4. The Latin Small Letter E with Acute of the previous example (codepoint U+00E9) can then be represented as \U0000e9.
Note that with most shells, the \ before u and U need to be protected or escaped.
Quotations (single and double) in the input stream can be used to ignore the word separators so that a group of words are taken as a single entity.
Non printable characters in words that are not delimiters are converted to their traditional form (\n for end-of-line, \t for tabulation...) by default.
An invalid UTF-8 sequence or other non-printable character will be replaced by a dot (.) by default.
There is nevertheless a possibility to change this substitution character with another ASCII printable one with the help of the command line option -.|-dot|-invalid.
Warning, UTF-8 encoded codepoints are quietly converted into the substitution character when the user locale is not UTF-8 aware like POSIX or C by example.
Words containing only spaces, entered directly or resulting from a substitution, are also rejected unless they are not selectable. This allows special effects like creating blank lines for example. These words are also kept in column mode, selectable or not.
smenu has an option to define a set of characters or UTF-8 sequences which should be ignored when reading words. This can be very useful when dealing with inputs where the EOL sequence consists in more than one character.
A typical example is DOS or Windows files with lines ending with CRLF. In such a case one might decide to ignore all CR characters from the input.
keyboard:
The meaning of the movement keys is as follows:
| ←, h | Previous word |
| CTRL ←, H | Start of line |
| ↑, k | Previous line |
| PgUp, K | Previous page |
| HOME | First word of the window |
| CTRL HOME, SHIFT HOME, CTRL K | First word |
| < | The window's content is shifted to the |
| left while keeping the cursor visible | |
| →, l | Next word |
| CTRL →, L | End of line |
| ↓, j | Next line |
| PgDn, J | Next page |
| END | Last word of the window |
| CTRL END, SHIFT END, CTRL J | Last word |
| > | The window's content is shifted to the |
| right while keeping the cursor visible |
CTRL ←/H (resp. CTRL →/L) places the cursor so that a maximum number of words (selectable or not) are visible to the left (reps. right) side of the window.
When the content of the window is shifted to the left or right using < or > or the mouse, the cursor always highlights the same word and remains visible. This can block sole shifting operations.
Mouse:
When the mouse is supported, the cursor can turn into an arrow (but not always) and the mouse can then be used as a point and click device as follows:
First (usually left) mouse button (note that buttons can be remapped):
A click on another location of the scroll bar moves the cursor to another word depending on the location clicked. The new current word will be positioned at the beginning of a line if possible.
Note that clicking on a left-facing arrow in an empty line
means that not all the words in that line could be displayed because of
previous shifts or moves. In this case, smenu will try to display the
last word of this line but it is not always possible as the cursor must
remain visible.
The keyboard commands < and > can be used in such a
case because the cursor is already on the current line.
Third (usually right) mouse button:
Mouse wheel:
Be sure to use the wheel when the mouse pointer is over the smenu window, as some terminal emulators may otherwise zoom the screen in and out instead.
Remember that mouse support does not disable the keyboard, so use the keys instead if the mouse is not working properly.
Some terminals may not report clicks after the 223rd line or column due to a limitation of the old X11 mouse tracking protocol, one example of such a terminal emulator is screen < 4.7.0. tmux as well as screen >= 4.7.0 are fine.
Keyboard and mouse can be used at the same time.
! Disable button 8 and 9. pointer = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0 10 11 12
And run the command: xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap (ignore any warnings issued by this command).
This can also be done non-permanently by running the command:
xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0 10 11 12"
If this is not enough, try to disable buttons 8 to 12.
Direct acess:
Using a combination of these options, it is easy to control which words will be numbered by adding a special symbol in it before using smenu and removing it (substituted by nothing) afterward using -I|-si|-subst_included by example.
-E|-se|-subst_excluded gives another way to do that, see below or more.
smenu offers the possibility to modify the input words in a sed-like way. Words can be modified at two points: just after they have been read and after other operations have been applied, such as enabling, disabling or coloring.
The related options are -ES|-subst, -S|-subst, -I|-si|-subst_included and -E|-se|-subst_excluded their descriptions can be found in the OPTIONS section.
A word can be searched using different algorithms: prefix, substring of fuzzy.
The case is also ignored.
Note that spaces and tabs at the beginning and end of words are ignored when searching for substrings or fuzzy strings.
The cursor is placed, if possible, on the first matching word having the minimum number of gaps between the first and last matching character, see the difference between the actions of the s/S and n/N keys below.
This method also tolerates intermediate symbols not appearing in the words which will be ignored. If this is the case, the attributes of the approximately matching words are changed into an error versions of them to warn the user to this situation.
The erroneous symbols will not be inserted in the search buffer.
For example: if the word abcdef is present in the standard input, then entering abxcdye puts abcdef in the search buffer and the word is added to the list of matching words and displayed with an error attribute (in red by default).
This special state will persist until all the symbols following the first erroneous one are deleted (using backspace) or if ESC is pressed to cancel the search session and clear the search buffer.
During a search session, the cursor changes and each character entered is added in (or removed from) the search buffer. The display is refreshed after each change in this buffer.
A 10 seconds timeout (by default) automatically ends the current search session as if the Enter key had been pressed. This timeout is reset each time a new key is hit in search mode. This delay can be configured using the search entry in the timers section of the configuration file as shown in the example in the configuration subsection.
The slash key (/) can also be used instead of any of these keys. By default it is is programmed to do a fuzzy search but this can be changed by using the command line option (-/|-search_method) or by tuning a configuration file, see below.
All the words matching the current search buffer are enhanced: The characters present in the current search buffer are highlighted in one way and the other characters in another way. Both of these highlighting methods are configurable.
If the user has entered the search sequence: o, s, then the matching word "words" will be displayed as words when the fuzzy algorithm is in use depending of the display attributes configured.
ENTER and all cursor moves terminate the search session but do not clear the list of the matching words and the search buffer.
The user can then use the n/s/SPACE keys (forward) and the N/S keys (backward) to navigate in the list of matching words,
In fuzzy search mode, the s/S keys attempt to move the cursor to the next/previous word whose matching part forms a substring of this word. If no such matches exist, s/S and n/N do the same things. To move the cursor to the next/previous fuzzy match, use the n/N/SPACE keys. s means next substring match in this context while n just means next match.
If the user hits the HOME or END key during a search session then the list of matching words is reduced to the words starting (respectively) ending with the current search pattern and the window is refreshed. For those who consider HOME and END as non-intuitive, the CTRL A and CTRL Z keys are also available in search mode as an alternative. This behavior is persistent until the user hit the ESC or ENTER key.
For example, if the search pattern in substring mode is sh and the user hits END, then only the words ending with sh will be added in the searched word list and enhanced.
Note that when a matching word is selected, its enhanced characters only show one of the multiple matching possibilities.
When not in a search session ESC can be also used to clear the list of matching words and to reset the search buffer.
Note that the search buffer is persistent as long as the same search algorithm is used and ESC has not been pressed.
Pressing q gives the possibility to exit without selecting anything.
CTRL C (Abort) also exits the program immediately with a return code equal to 128+SINGINT (by default) without selecting anything. See the -!|-int|-int_string option for more information about the customization of the CTRL C behavior.
By default, ENTER or a double click with the first mouse button if applicable writes the selected word to stdout when not in search mode otherwise it exits from this mode and does nothing more. If you want to be able to select a word even when in search mode, use the -r|-auto_validate option to change this behavior.
When the tagging is activated by using the command line -T|-tm|-tag|-tag_mode or -P|-pm|-pin|-pin_mode option, then the keys t, u, INS, DEL c, r, m, M, T, C, R and U, can be used to tag/untag some words. These tagged words will then be sent to the standard output when ENTER is pressed.
Their meanings is as follows:
If no word has been searched and no word is marked, then the
current word is marked, just as if m has been used instead.
Otherwise all words between the marked word and the current word are
tagged.
The marked word will no longer be marked after tagging is complete.
Note that when you use T, C or R with pinning
enabled, the order of word selection depends on whether the marked word is
before or after the current word.
When a word is marked, the pinning order using c and r increases
from the marked word to the current word.
When no words are marked, the pinning order when using c and r
always increases from top to bottom and from left to right respectively.
A small help message can be displayed when hitting the ? key. This message will last for 10s or until another key or ESC is pressed.
A scroll bar is displayed at the right of the scrolling window. Its appearance is meant to be classical but it has some particularities:
| \ | \ | ^ | ^ | \ |
| | | | | | | | | / |
| / | v | / | v |
A + can also appear in the scroll bar in lieu of the vertical bar, giving the relative position of the cursor line in the bunch of input words.
The windows is redrawn if the terminal is resized. The redrawing is actually done only 1s after the end of the resizing to avoid artifacts on screen. The cursor will remain on the current selected word but may be displayed at another place in the window.
This utility is Unicode aware and should be able to display correctly any Unicode character (even double-width ones) as long as the current encoding is UTF-8 (UTF-8 in the output of the locale command).
Note that smenu will not attempt to normalize words containing UTF-8 glyphs. Thus \u61\ucc88 (ä) will not be considered equal to \uc3a4 (canonical normalization of ä). It is nevertheless possible to use an external tool such as uconv from the ICU project (https://icu.unicode.org) to do this work before using smenu.
For example: uconv can be used as a filter as in:
cat ... | uconv -x any-nfc | smenu
If a file with adequate permissions and the same name as the executable but prefixed with a dot is present in the current directory or in the user's home directory, then it will be parsed as a .ini file. The values read from the file in the home directory will be overridden by the ones read from the local directory (if it is present).
Missing and bad keywords are silently skipped.
The values read, if valid, override the default hard-coded ones.
If a value is invalid an error message is shown and the program terminates.
The values of the timers must be given in units of 1/10 of a second.
Here is an example giving the syntax and the names of the keywords allowed:
--8<------------------------------------------------------------------ [colors]
; The terminal must have at least 8 colors and/or have attributes
: like bold and reverse for this to be useful
; if not the following settings will be ignored.
method=ansi ; classic | ansi (default)
cursor=0/2 ; cursor attributes
cursor_on_tag=0/2,u ; cursor on tag attributes
shift=6,b ; shift symbol attributes
message=0/3 ; message (title) attributes
bar = 7/4,b ; scroll bar attributes
search_field = 0/6 ; search field attributes
search_text = 7,bu ; search text attributes
match_field = 1,b ; matching words field attributes
match_text = 7,bu ; matching words text attributes
search_err_field = 1 ; approximate search field attributes
search_err_text = 1,r ; approximate search text attributes
; match_err_field = 3 ; approximate matching words field attributes
match_err_text = 1 ; approximate matching words text attributes
; include = b ; selectable color attributes
exclude = 4/0,u ; non-selectable color attributes
tag = 0/5 ; tagged (selected) attributes
daccess = 3,b ; direct access tag attributes
special1 = 7/4,b ; attributes for the special level 1
special2 = bu ; attributes for the special level 2
special3 = /3,b ; attributes for the special level 3
special4 = 7/4 ; attributes for the special level 4
special5 = 7/2,b ; attributes for the special level 5
special9 = 2,rb ; attributes for the special level 9 [window]
lines = 7 ; default number of lines of the window [limits]
word_length = 1024 ; arbitrary max length of input words (int)
words = 32767 ; arbitrary max number of allowed input
; words (int)
columns = 128 ; arbitrary max number of columns (int) [timers]
search = 100 ; search timeout in 1/10 s
help = 150 ; duration of the help message in 1/10 s
window = 7 ; delay before redrawing if the size of the
; terminal's window change in 1/10 s
direct_access = 6 ; duration allowed to add a new digit to
; the direct word access number in 1/10 s
forgotten = 9000 ; An explicit delay (in 1/10 s) before smenu
; is forced to stop as if "q" had been pressed.
; Useful when one forgot to make a selection. [misc]
default_search_method = substring [mouse]
double_click_delay= 200 ; delay in milliseconds --8<------------------------------------------------------------------
The default value corresponds to ansi.
The attributes syntax is [fg][/bg][,toggles] where fg and bg are numbers representing the foreground and background color and toggles is a strings which can contain the characters b, d, r, s, u, i, n and l representing respectively bold, dim, reverse, standout, underline, italic, invisible and blink.
| words | 32767 |
| word_length | 512 |
| columns | 256 |
Not all options may be available, depending on the current context.
When smenu is called and before the first option is evaluated, it is in the Main context. Each option can switch to another context in which only a subset of the options is usable.
For each parameter described below, the contexts in which the associated option is defined as well as the context to which it leads, if any, are given.
An option not defined in a context will force the end of the current context and will be recursively evaluated in the previous contexts until found (or not). If not found, an error message is displayed and smenu is terminated.
The contexts defined in smenu are:
Imagine the only parameter command line parameter is -cols_select.
Since this is a parameter of an option which is not valid when not in the Columns context, it should have raised an error but it still seems to be accepted.
The trick is: when not in column mode -cols_select is indeed not accepted but its prefix (-col) is valid. The options are thus understood as: -col -s_select. The same mechanism occurs again as -s is also valid in column mode so the final understanding of the command line is: -col -s _select.
Another example that illustrates the fact that long parameters have priority over short parameter combinations: -is will not select only words containing a "s", but will act in the same way as its alternative name (-incremental_search).
If you really want to select only words containing a "s", simply add a space after the i as in -i s or use one of the other -i names such as -inc for example.
In such cases, the user may set the CTXOPT_DEBUG environment variable which any non-empty content.
If we reconsider the -cols_select example with CTXOPT_DEBUG set the output is now:
CTXOPT_DEBUG: Parameter: -cols_select. Evaluation context: Main. CTXOPT_DEBUG: Found a valid parameter as a prefix of -cols_select: -col. CTXOPT_DEBUG: Parameter: -col. Evaluation context: Main. CTXOPT_DEBUG: Switch to context Columns. CTXOPT_DEBUG: Parameter: -s_select. Evaluation context: Columns. CTXOPT_DEBUG: Found a valid parameter as a prefix of -s_select: -s. CTXOPT_DEBUG: Parameter: -s. Evaluation context: Columns. CTXOPT_DEBUG: Argument: _select.
In this case, adding a space in the command line: -col -cols_select 1 also solves the issue and indicates that only the first column should be selectable.
Note, however, that at least one argument for -cols_select is now required:
CTXOPT_DEBUG: Parameter: -col. Evaluation context: Main. CTXOPT_DEBUG: Switch to context Columns. CTXOPT_DEBUG: Parameter: -cols_select. Evaluation context: Columns. CTXOPT_DEBUG: Argument: 1.
The -h|-help and -?|-u|-usage options now display the help and synopsis of the available options in the current context.
The contexts contain all the non-context-changing options so, in practice, the usage should be intuitive. You may nevertheless have to adjust some scripts using the old smenu releases as I did in the lvm_menu example.
Some of the advantages of this new system of options are:
This option management system is explained in more detail at https://github.com/p-gen/ctxopt.
The description of each command line parameter is as follows:
Display a context specific help messages and exits.
Display a long (non context specific) help messages and exits.
Displays a short help message and exits.
The .smenu files in the user's home directory and in the current directory, if present, will be ignored when this option is used.
Gives the maximum number of lines in the scrolling selection window.
If -n|-lines|-height is not present the number of lines will be set to 5.
If -n|-lines|-height is present without argument, then the height of the terminal will be used to determine the number of lines. This remains true even if the terminal is resized.
If -n|-lines|-height is present with a numerical argument, this value will be used to determine the number of lines.
Sets the include filter to match the selectable words. All the other words will become implicitly non-selectable (excluded)
-i|-in|-inc|-incl|-include can be used more than once with cumulative effect.
\u and \U sequences can also be used in the regexp.
Sets the exclude filter to match the non-selectable words. All the other selectable words will become implicitly selectable (included)
-e|-ex|-exc|-excl|-exclude can be used more than once with cumulative effect. This filter has a higher priority than the include filter.
The regex selections made using -i|-in|-inc|-incl|-include and/or -e|-ex|-exc|-excl|-exclude are done before the possible words alterations made by -I|-si|-subst_included or -E|-se|-subst_excluded (see below).
\u and \U sequences can also be used in the regexp.
Displays a message (title) above the window. If the current locale is not UTF-8, then all UTF-8 characters will be replaced by the substitution character.
\u and \U sequences can be used in the message.
Note that the message will be truncated if it does not fit on a terminal line.
The optional string argument, when present, defines the string to be used as the selection string when the CTRL C sequence is entered.
If string is missing then nothing will be selected.
In all cases, when -!|-int|-int_string is present in the command line, the return code of the program will be 0.
This gives the user the choice to make the behavior of CTRL C similar to that of q and Q or to that of the Unix shell leaving the shell with a return code greater than 128.
Sets the display attributes of the elements displayed and the cursor.
At least one attribute prefixed attribute must be given.
prefix can take the following values:
Example: -attr i:/5 e:4,br b:7/3,rb c:7/2,b
See the the -1|-l1|-level1 option below for the description of the attributes syntax after the colon and an example.
Allows one to give a special display color to up to 5 classes of words specified by regular expressions. They are called special levels. Only selectable words will be considered.
By default, the first 5 special levels have their foreground color set to red, green, brown/yellow, purple and cyan and the remaining 4 levels are set to white. All these colors also can be set or modified permanently in the configuration files. See the example file above for an example.
The optional second argument (attr) can be used to override the default or configured attributes of each class. Its syntax is the same as the one used in the configuration file:
[fg][/bg][,{b|d|r|s|u|i|n|l}] | [{b|d|r|s|u|i|n|l}]
Examples of possible attributes are:
2/0,bu green on black bold underline
/2 green background
5 text in purple
rb reverse bold
\u and \U sequences can be used in the pattern.
Initializes a set of UTF-8 characters to be ignored when reading words from stdin or a file.
Example: The argument '\u0d\ue282ac,' means: ignore all commas, Euro signs and carriage return characters when reading from stdin or a file.
As shown above \u and \U sequences can be used in the bytes set.
Allows multiple selections and switches to tag mode. In this mode, several selectable words can be selected without leaving the program.
Tagged words are highlighted (underlined by default).
The current word can be automatically tagged when the ENTER key is pressed to complete the selection process if the -p|-at|-auto_tag option is also set or if no word has been tagged.
Note that nothing is selected when no word is tagged and when the -0|-noat|-no_auto_tag option is also set.
All tagged words (and possibly the world under the cursor) will be sent to the standard output separated by the optional argument given after the option -T|-tm|-tag|-tag_mode.
Note that the delim argument can contain more than one character, can contain UTF-8 characters (in native or \u or \U form) and can even contain control character as in $'\n'.
A single space character is used as the default separator if none is given.
Caution: To get exactly the same behavior as in version 0.9.11 and earlier, you must also use the -p|-at|-auto_tag option.
Works like -T|-tm|-tag|-tag_mode but, unlike -T|-tm|-tag|-tag_mode, the output depends on the order in which the words were tagged. In other words, the first tagged word comes first in the output, the second tagged word comes next, and so on.
This option modifies the default behavior of the -T|-tm|-tag|-tag_mode and -P|-pm|-pin|-pin_mode options.
An untagged word under the cursor will be automatically tagged when ENTER is pressed.
This option modifies the default behavior of the -T|-tm|-tag|-tag_mode and -P|-pm|-pin|-pin_mode options.
An untagged word under the cursor will not be automatically tagged when ENTER is pressed and no other words are tagged. This is true even when the option -p|-at|-auto_tag is also set.
It is ignored if at least one other word is tagged at that time.
This option allows you to number selectable words that match a specific regular expression. These numbers are numbered from 1 and allow direct access to the words.
To use this functionality, the user must enter the number which corresponds to the desired entry digit per digit.
Each new digit must be added in a time frame of 1/2 seconds (per default) otherwise the number is considered complete and a newly entered digit will start a new number. If the number does not exists, then the cursor is restored to it's initial position.
The sub-options of the -D|-data|-options option described below can change the way -N|-number sets and formats the numbers.
This option accepts more than one argument and can be used multiple times with cumulative effects.
-N|-number, -U|-unnumber and -F|-en|-embedded_number can be mixed.
This option allows one to unnumber words. If placed after a previous -N|-number, it can be used to remove the numbering of selected words. If placed before, the word which doesn't match its regular expression will be numbered by default.
This mechanism is similar to to the inclusion/exclusion of words by -i|-in|-inc|-incl|-include and -e|-ex|-exc|-excl|-exclude.
This option accepts more than one argument and can be used multiple times with cumulative effects.
-U|-unnumber, -N|-number and -F|-en|-embedded_number can be mixed.
This option is similar to -N|-number but does not generate a continuous flow of numbers but extracts them from the word itself.
With this option you can take full control of the numbering of the displayed word. Note that the numbering does not need to be ordered.
The resulting word after the extraction of the number must be non empty.
Some sub-option are required, see the -D|-data|-options option described below.
Notice that for this option to work correctly, all the embedded numbers must have the same number of digits. To get that, a preprocessing may be necessary on the words before using this program.
-F|-en|-embedded_number, -N|-number and -U|-unnumber can be mixed.
This option allows one to change the default behavior of the -N|-number, -U|-unnumber and -F|-en|-embedded_number options.
Its optional parameters are called sub-options and must respect the format x:y where x can be:
The default is all. These keywords can be abbreviated.
The possible values are yes and no but can be abbreviated.
When this sub-option is set to no, the s and f sub-options are ignored.
The possible values are yes and no but can be abbreviated.
The allowed directives are: 'trim' which discards them if they form an empty word (only made of spaces and tabulations), 'cut' which unconditionally discards them and 'keep' which places them at the beginning of the resulting word.
The default value for this directive is 'keep', these keywords can be abbreviated.
If this offset if immediately followed by the character '+', then the parser will look for the first number (if any) after the given offset instead of using its absolute value to extract the number.
Note that when the '+' is used, it is necessary that the length of all the numbers to extract have the same size as the algorithm looks for a digit to identify the beginning of the number to extract. Hence, for example, 1 should appear as 01 in the input is n is set to 2.
Example: n:2 will extract and use the first 2 digits of each words from the input stream to number them.
Only the numbered word(s) will be prefixed.
d stands for decorate.
This directive can be useful when you want to post-process the output according to its direct access number.
Example: -data r:\> l:\< a:l d:_
To number all words with the default parameters, use the syntax: "-N ." which is a shortcut for: "-N . -D l:' ' r:')' a:r p:a"
The padding sub-option specifies whether spaces must also be added in front of excluded words or not to improve compactness.
When the w sub-option is not given the width of the numbers is determined automatically but if -F|-en|-embedded_number is set and the value of the n sub-option is given then this value is used.
Replaces all non-printable characters by a blank. If this results in a blank word, it will be potentially deleted.
Sets the substitution character for non-printable characters. When this parameter is not used, the default substitution character is a single dot.
Centers the display if possible.
Tells the program to clean up the display before quitting by removing the selection window after use as if it was never displayed.
Sets the column mode. In this mode the lines of words do not wrap when the right border of the terminal is reached but only when a special character is read. Some words will not be displayed without an horizontal scrolling.
If such a scrolling is needed, some indications may appear on the left and right edge of the window to help the user to reach the unseen words.
In this mode, the width of each column is minimal to keep the maximum information visible on the terminal.
Sets the line mode. This mode is the same as column mode but without any column alignment.
This option sets the tabulation mode and, if a number is specified, attempts to set the number of displayed columns to that number.
In this mode, embedded line separators are ignored if not explicitly set with -L|-ls|-ld|-line-delimiters|-line_separators. The options -A|-fc|-first_column and -Z|-lc|-last_column can nevertheless be used to force words to appear in the first (respectively last) position of the displayed line.
In this mode each column has the same width.
When -t|-tab|-tab_mode|-tabulate_mode is followed by a number of columns, the default is to compact the columns so that they use the less terminal width as possible. This option enlarges the columns in order to use the whole terminal width.
When in column mode, -w|-wide|-wide_mode can be used to force all the columns to have the same size (the largest one). See option -c|-col|-col_mode|-column below.
I and E have the same meaning as i and e.
In column mode, this option is useful to restrict the selections to a subset of all columns. Either by including (nothing or i) or by excluding (e) them.
Columns can be designated by their number (1 based) or by a regular expression enclosed in delimiter made from any non-blank ASCII character excluding the comma.
Range of columns (number or RE) can be given by separated then with a dash.
Multiple selectors can be regrouped in one argument using commas to separate them. This option also accepts multiple arguments, each of them being a selector.
A selection by regular expressions means that a column containing a word matching any of these expressions will be included or excluded depending on the letter given after the option or before the selector if there is more than one argument.
Regular expressions and column numbers can be freely mixed.
Regular expression in -C|-cs|-cols|-cols_select and -R|-rs|-rows|-rows_select can contain UTF-8 characters either directly or by using the \u or \U notation.
Example of columns selection: -Ci2,3,/X./,5-7 forces the cursor to only navigate in columns 2,3,5,6 and 7 and those containing a two characters word starting with 'X'. If e was used in place of i, all the columns would have been selected except the columns 2,3,5,6,7 and those matching the extended regular expression 'X.'.
Spaces are allowed in the selection string if they are protected.
Other example where multiple selectors are used as multiple arguments: ps | smenu -col -cols e/TTY/ e/CMD/ e3
Similar to -C|-cs|-cols|-cols_select but for the rows.
-C|-cs|-cols|-cols_select and -R|-rs|-rows|-rows_select can be used more than once in a cumulative manner:
The selection mode (selection or de-selection) is given by the first occurrence of the options, the other occurrences will only update the selected or de-selected ranges.
Once a column or a row has been excluded, it cannot be re-included.
In column mode, forces all words matching the given regular expression to be the first one in the displayed line. If you want to only rely on this method to build the lines, just specify an empty regex to set the end-of-line separator with -L|-ls|-ld|-line-delimiters|-line_separators '')
Similar to -A|-fc|-first_column but forces the word to be the latest of its line. The same trick with -L|-ls|-ld|-line-delimiters|-line_separators can also be used.
Replaces the blank after each words in column or tabular mode by a column separator.
This separator is extracted from the string argument and each of its (multibyte) character is used one after the other to fill the gutter.
If there are more columns that gutter characters then the last character is used for the remaining columns.
When not given, the separator defaults to a vertical bar | (or a full height vertical bar if the locale is set to UTF-8).
Each character can be given in normal or \u or \U form in the string argument.
Example: "|- " will allow one to separate the first two columns with '|', then '-' will be used and ' ' will separate the remaining columns if any.
By default, the spaces surrounding the output string will be deleted. This option forces them to be retained.
This option can be used to specify the characters (or multibyte sequences) which will be used to delimit the input words.
Multibyte sequences (UTF-8) can be natives of using the same ASCII representation used in words (a leading \u or \U following by up to 8 hexadecimal characters for the former and 6 hexadecimal characters for the latter).
Non-printable characters in arguments should be given using the standard $'' representation. $'\t' stands for the tabulation character for example.
The default delimiters are: SPACE, $'\t' and $'\n'.
This option can be used to specify the characters (or multibyte sequences) which will be used to delimit the lines in the input stream.
Multibyte sequences (UTF-8) can be natives of using the same ASCII representation used in words (a leading \u or \U following by up to 8 hexadecimal characters for the former and 6 hexadecimal characters for the latter).
Non-printable characters in arguments should be given using the standard $'' representation. $'\n' stands for the newline character for example.
The default delimiter is: $'\n'.
This option is only useful when the -c|-col|-col_mode|-column or -l option is also set.
The characters (or multibyte sequences) passed to -L|-ls|-ld|-line-delimiters|-line_separators are automatically added to the list of word delimiters as if -W|-ws|-wd|-word_delimiters|-word_separators was also used.
\u and \U sequences can also be used here.
Prevents the display of the scroll bar.
Post-processes the words by applying a regular expression based substitution. The argument must be formatted as in the sed editor.
As in sed, matching groups and references to these groups (from \0 to \9 in repl) are supported. These groups must be surrounded by ( and ) in regex. \0 and & are equivalent in repl as in the GNU version of sed.
Back reference example:
R=$(echo "[A] [B] [C]" | ./smenu -S '/([^][]+)/:\1:/') will display "[:A:] [:B:] [:C:]"
This option can be used more than once. Each substitution will be applied in sequence on each word. This sequence can be stopped if a stop flag is encountered.
Small examples to explain the meaning of v:
R=$(echo a b c | smenu -S /b/B/)
will display "a B c" and
R will contain B when B is
selected meanwhile
R=$(echo a b c | smenu -S /b/B/v)will display the same as above but R will contain the original word b when B is selected.
In both cases, only the word B will be searchable and not b.
Post-processes the selectable words by applying a regular expression based substitution (see -S|-subst for details).
Post-processes the excluded (or non-selectable) words by applying a regular expression based substitution (see -S|-subst for details).
In the three previous options, regex is a POSIX Extended Regular Expression. For details, please refer to the regex(7) manual page.
Additionally \u and \U sequences can also be used in the regexp.
If a post-processing action (-S|-subst, -I|-si|-subst_included, -E|-se|-subst_excluded) results in an empty (length = 0) word, then we have two cases:
Pre-processes words by applying a substitution based on a regular expression. The argument must be formatted as in the sed editor.
The substitutions are made, as the name of the option indicates, before any other selection or coloring actions are made.
This option can be used more than once. Each substitution will be applied in sequence on each word. This sequence can be stopped if a stop flag is encountered.
In summary, this option is similar to the -S|-subst option previously described, except that the substitutions are made earlier and certain flags like visual are ignored.
Note that this option can be used in conjunction with the other substitution options mentioned above.
Affects the '/' key to a search method. By default '/' is affected to 'fuzzy' but the argument can be any prefix of 'prefix', 'substring' or 'fuzzy'.
Place the cursor on the first word corresponding to the specified pattern.
pattern can be:
If the word at this position is excluded, then the first previous non excluded word is selected if it exists, otherwise the first non excluded word is selected.
If this number if greater than the number of words, the cursor will be placed on the latest selectable position.
Warning, when searching for a prefix or a regular expression, smenu only looks for them after an eventual modification, so for example, the command: smenu -I/c/x/ -s/c <<< "a b c d" won't find c and put the cursor on a but smenu -I/c/x/v -s/c <<< "a b c d" will find it and put the cursor on the x substituting the c on screen only
\u and \U sequences can be used in the pattern.
Sets a timeout. Three types of timeout are possible:
Each type can be be shortened as a prefix of its full name ("cur" for "current" of "q" for "quit" per example).
The delay must be set in seconds and cannot be greater than 99999 seconds.
The remaining time (in seconds) is added at the end of the message displayed above the selection window and is updated in real time each second.
Any key except ENTER, q, Q and CTRL C resets the timer to its initial value.
The -X|-htmout|-hidden_timeout version works like -x|-tmout|-timeout but no periodic remaining messages is displayed above the selection window.
Enables ENTER to validate the selection even in search mode.
By default, when a new search session is initiated, the current search buffer is reset. When this parameter is set, the next search will start where the last search ended, except if ESC was hit before.
This option instructs not to clean the previous search buffer each time a new search session is started.
By default, when searching, an alarm is produced by the terminal when the user enters a character or makes a move which lead to no result or to an error condition. This argument make this beep visual by briefly showing the cursor.
Using this option will remove the word grouping feature from single and double quotes which will be considered normal characters. For example: "a b" will be considered by smenu as two words "a and b" and no more as a single word: a b.
This option gives the possibility to modify the default maximum number of words or columns and the maximum permitted word length.
The specified values overload the default settings and/or the settings given in the configuration files.
Several sub-options, separated by spaces, can be given after this option.
This option defines a global timeout in seconds. The program will end without error after this period of inactivity.
This timer is reset to its initial value each time a key is pressed.
Its default value is "unlimited", but it can be changed by assigning a number (in tenths of seconds) to the "forgotten" entry in the [timers] section of the optional configuration file. See the example in the configuration sub-section.
A value of 0 as an argument disables this timer and replaces the default value.
This option allows you to disable the mouse even if smenu can use it.
This option allows one to remap the mouse buttons. The buttons are numbered from 1 to 3 but as smenu only uses buttons 1 and 3, only two arguments are required.
By example, the syntax -br 3 1 will reverse the first (left) and third (right?) buttons.
The default mapping is 1 3.
This option allows one to set the double-click delay in the range of 100 ms (1/10 second) to 500 ms (1/2 second). The default delay of 150 ms (1/6.66 second) will be used if the given value is out of range or invalid.
The double-click capability can also be disabled by setting delay_in_ms to 0.
This setting is also configurable in a configuration file, see the [mouse] section in the example in the configuration sub-section.
If tabulators (\t) are embedded in the input, there is no way to replace them with the original number of spaces. In this case use another filter (like expand) to pre-process the data.
Simple Yes/No/Cancel request with "No" as default choice:
In bash:
read R <<< $(echo "Yes No Cancel" \
| smenu -d -m "Please choose:" -s /N) or
R=$(echo "Yes No Cancel" \
| smenu -d -m "Please choose:" -s /N) In ksh:
print "Yes No Cancel" \
| smenu -d -m "Please choose:" -s /N \
| read R
Get a 3 columns report about VM statistics for the current process in bash/ksh on Linux:
R=$(grep Vm /proc/$$/status | expand | smenu -b -W$'\n' -t3 -g -d)
Create a one column selection window containing the list of the first 20 LVM physical volumes. At the end, the selection window will be erased. This example is written in ksh).
pvs -a -o pv_name --noheadings \ | smenu -m "PV list" -n20 -t1 -d -s //dev/root \ | read R
The display will have a look similar to the following with the cursor set on the word /dev/root:
PV list /dev/md126 \ /dev/md127 | /dev/root | <- cursor here. /dev/sda2 | /dev/sdb2 | /dev/sdc1 | /dev/sdc2 | /dev/system/homevol /
Imagine a file named sample.mnu with the following content:
--8<--------------------------------- "1 First Entry" "3 Third entry" "2 Second entry" "4 Fourth entry" @@@ "5 Fifth entry" @@@ "0 Exit menu" --8<---------------------------------
Then this quite esoteric command will render it (centered on the screen) as:
+----------------------------------+ | Test menu | | | | 1) First Entry 3) Third entry | | 2) Second entry 4) Fourth entry | | 5) Fifth entry | | | | 0) Exit menu | +----------------------------------+
with the cursor on Quit and only the numbers and "Quit" selectable.
R=$(smenu -q -d -s/Exit -M -n 30 -c
\
-e "@+" -E '/@+/ /' \
-F -D n:1 i:1 \
-m "Test menu" < sample.mnu)
The selected entry will be available in R
Try to understand it as an exercise.
| NO_COLOR | force a monochrome terminal when set. |
| CTXOPT_DEBUG | put the option parser in debug mode. |
Some terminal emulators, those notably based on VTE version later than 0.35 (see https://github.com/GNOME/vte/commit/01380d), have a new feature that gives them the possibility to wrap/unwrap already displayed lines when resizing the window.
As far as I known, there is no terminfo entry to disable that.
On these types of terminals, the automatic re-display of the output of smenu will be disturbed and some artifacts may appear on the screen if the terminal window is resized.
© 2015-present, Pierre Gentile (p.gen.progs@gmail.com)