Options

-e 'rule'

Log only connections matching the specified rule. Rule syntax is outlined below. If this option is specified more than once, connections matching any of the specified rules are logged. You should quote the rule, as shown above.

-f rulefile

Read rules from rulefile. Each rule is on a new line. The `#' character may be used to add comments; everything from this character to the end of the line is ignored.

The -e and -f options may be used together.

-F facility

Log to syslog facility facility instead of the compile-time default setting. See the syslog.conf(5) manual page for a list of facilities.

-I interval

Update the internal state every interval milliseconds, instead of the default of 1000 ms. Connections that last less than interval milliseconds may be missed, so you should experiment to find a value small enough that it catches most connections, but not so small that it causes tcpspy to use too much CPU time.

-U user

Switch to the specified user after startup. user may be a numeric user id or a user name from the system password file.

-G group

Switch to the specified group after startup. group may be a numeric group id or a group name from the system group file. If a username to switch to with the -U option is specified but -G is omitted, tcpspy will switch to that specified user's primary group.

-d

Debugging mode; if this option is specified, tcpspy will not detach from the console after initialisation, and will log connections to standard output instead of syslog.

-p

Log the filename of the executable that created/accepted the connection. You may require superuser privileges to obtain this information for processes you do not own (this is a kernel limitation).

This option can greatly increase the amount of CPU time required to process each connection/disconnection.

Rule Syntax

A rule may be specified with the -e option to log information about connections matching this rule, overriding the default of logging all connections.

The following comparison operations are defined:

user uid

True if the local user initiating or accepting the connection has the effective user id uid.

user "username"

Same as above, but using a username instead of a user id.

ip

True if the connection is IPv4.

ip6

True if the connection is IPv6.

lport port

True if the local end of the connection has port number port.

lport [low] - [high]

True if the local end of the connection has a port number greater than or equal to low and less than or equal to high. If the form low- is used, high is assumed to be 65535. If the form -high is used, low is assumed to be 0. It is an error to omit both low and high.

lport "service"

Same as above, but using a service name from /etc/services instead of a port number.

rport

Same as lport but compares the port number of the remote end of the connection.

laddr n.n.n.n[/m.m.m.m]

laddr n.n.n.n/m

laddr ip6-addr[/m]

Interpreted as a "net/mask" expression; true if "net" is equal to the bitwise AND of the local address of the connection and "mask". If no mask is specified, a default mask with all bits set (255.255.255.255) is used. The CIDR type netmask is also possible. With IPv6 only a prefix length netmask is allowed, and the length defaults to 128. Depending on the address family, these rules contain an implicit match condition "ip" or "ip6", respectively.

raddr

Same as laddr but compares the remote address.

exe "pattern"

True if the full filename (including directory) of the executable that created/accepted the connection matches pattern, a glob(7)-style wildcard pattern.

The pattern "" (an empty string) matches connections created/accepted by processes whose executable filename is unknown.

If the -p option is not specified, a warning message will be printed, and the result of this comparison will always be true.

Expressions (including the comparisons listed above) may be joined together with the following logical operations:

expr1 or expr2

True if either of expr1 or expr2 are true (logical OR).

expr1 and expr2

True if both expr1 and expr2 are true (logical AND).

not expr

True if expr is false (logical NOT).

Rules are evaluated from left to right. Whitespace (space, tab and newline) characters are ignored between "words". Rules consisting of only whitespace match no connections, but do not cause an error. Parentheses, '(' and ')' may be placed around expressions to affect the order of evaluation.

The Examples section contains some sample rules which further demonstrate how they are constructed.