Local Character Set Conversion

All of the nmh commands convert non-native character sets to the local character set, as specified by the operating system locale settings. See locale(1) for more details on the environment variables used to set the local character set. Character set conversion will only take place if nmh was built with iconv(3) support. See the mhparam(1) man page for how to determine whether your nmh installation includes iconv(3) support.

Depending on the source and target character set, it may not be possible to convert all characters to the local character set. In this case a substitution character will be used for the characters that cannot be converted.

Message Display

The default format used by scan(1) will automatically decode MIME-encoded headers. If you have a custom scan format, see the examples provided with the nmh distribution (found in the “/etc/nmh” directory) and mh-format(5) for details on how to make sure your MIME headers are properly decoded.

By default, if show detects that it is reading a MIME message it will invoke mhshow(1). The default behavior of mhshow is to only display text parts that are not marked as attachments. See mhshow(1) for details on how to control what mhshow will display.

Message Interrogation and Storage

The mhlist(1) command will display a listing of the MIME parts contained within a message. That information can be used in conjunction with the mhstore command to save individual parts or content types of a message. See mhlist(1) and mhstore(1) for more details on how these commands work.

Message Composition and Reply

All messages sent by send(1) will automatically be processed by mhbuild(1) before being passed to post(1) for message submission. mhbuild will use the locale settings to mark text content with the appropriate character set and apply any necessary encoding. If you wish to include text in your message using a character set that does not match your locale, you will need to specify the character set using an mhbuild directive; see mhbuild(1) for more information.

For attaching files or composing other non-text content, there are two options: the attach system and mhbuild directives.

The attach system is best suited for content where one or more files are being attached to a message. You can use the attach system by either using the attach command at the “What now?” prompt, or by inserting an “Attach:” header in the message draft containing the name of the file you wish to attach to the message (note that all the attach command does is place an “Attach:” header in the message draft). mhbuild will then automatically include the specified file(s) in the outgoing message. See send(1) for details on how mhbuild determines the proper content type of attached files.

The other method of composing MIME messages is to use mhbuild directives. This allows exact control over the contents and format of the MIME message, but has a more complicated syntax. mhbuild(1) contains details on the directive syntax and examples of directives for different media types. It is important to note that when using mhbuild directives the user must run mhbuild outside of send to have it process directives; when being run by send, mhbuild is configured to not process directives so normal user text is not mistaken for a directive. When using directives a user typically uses the mime command at the “What now?” prompt to process them.

When replying to messages using repl(1) the traditional MH method of including the original text in the reply does not interoperate with MIME messages. The -convertargs switch to repl(1) provides one solution. Another solution: the contrib directory (/usr/share/doc/nmh/contrib) contains a Perl program called replyfilter which will decode text parts and present them in an appropriate manner to be included in a message reply. See the comments at the top of replyfilter for instructions on how to configure nmh to work with it.

Message Rewrite

The mhfixmsg(1) command can apply various transformations to MIME messages, including decoding of text parts, converting the character set of text parts, and insertion of text/plain parts to correspond to text parts of other subtypes. mhfixmsg can also repair defects in MIME messages, such as mismatched top-level boundary indicators and invalid Content-Transfer-Encoding values.