column [options] [file ...]
The column utility formats its input into multiple columns.
The util support three modes:
columns are filled before rows
This is the default mode (required by backward
compatibility).
rows are filled before columns
This mode is enabled by option -x,
--fillrows
table
Determine the number of columns the input contains and
create a table. This mode is enabled by option -t, --table and columns
formatting is possible to modify by --table-* options. Use this mode if
not sure. The output is aligned to the terminal width in interactive mode and
the 80 columns in non-interactive mode (see --output-width for more
details).
Input is taken from file, or otherwise from standard input.
Empty lines are ignored and all invalid multibyte sequences are encoded by
x<hex> convention.
The argument columns for --table-* options is a
comma separated list of the column names as defined by
--table-columns or it’s column number in order as specified by
input. It’s possible to mix names and numbers. The special
placeholder '0' (e.g. -R0) may be used to specify all columns.
-J, --json
Use JSON output format to print the table, the option
--table-columns is required and the option --table-name is
recommended.
-c, --output-width width
Output is formatted to a width specified as number of
characters. The original name of this option is --columns; this name is
deprecated since v2.30. Note that input longer than width is not
truncated by default. The default is a terminal width and the 80 columns in
non-interactive mode. The column headers are never truncated.
-d, --table-noheadings
Do not print header. This option allows the use of
logical column names on the command line, but keeps the header hidden when
printing the table.
-o, --output-separator string
Specify the columns delimiter for table output (default
is two spaces).
-s, --separator separators
Specify the possible input item delimiters (default is
whitespace).
-t, --table
Determine the number of columns the input contains and
create a table. Columns are delimited with whitespace, by default, or with the
characters supplied using the --output-separator option. Table output
is useful for pretty-printing.
-N, --table-columns names
Specify the columns names by comma separated list of
names. The names are used for the table header or to address column in option
arguments.
-l, --table-columns-limit number
Specify maximal number of the input columns. The last
column will contain all remaining line data if the limit is smaller than the
number of the columns in the input data.
-R, --table-right columns
Right align text in the specified columns.
-T, --table-truncate columns
Specify columns where text can be truncated when
necessary, otherwise very long table entries may be printed on multiple
lines.
-E, --table-noextreme columns
Specify columns where is possible to ignore unusually
long (longer than average) cells when calculate column width. The option has
impact to the width calculation and table formatting, but the printed text is
not affected.
The option is used for the last visible column by default.
-e, --table-header-repeat
Print header line for each page.
-W, --table-wrap columns
Specify columns where is possible to use multi-line cell
for long text when necessary.
-H, --table-hide columns
Don’t print specified columns. The special
placeholder '-' may be used to hide all unnamed columns (see
--table-columns).
-O, --table-order columns
Specify columns order on output.
-n, --table-name name
Specify the table name used for JSON output. The default
is "table".
-L, --keep-empty-lines
Preserve whitespace-only lines in the input. The default
is ignore empty lines at all. This option’s original name was
--table-empty-lines but is now deprecated because it gives the false
impression that the option only applies to table mode.
-r, --tree column
Specify column to use tree-like output. Note that the
circular dependencies and other anomalies in child and parent relation are
silently ignored.
-i, --tree-id column
Specify column with line ID to create child-parent
relation.
-p, --tree-parent column
Specify column with parent ID to create child-parent
relation.
-x, --fillrows
Fill rows before filling columns.
-h, --help
Display help text and exit.
-V, --version
Print version and exit.
The environment variable COLUMNS is used to determine the
size of the screen if no other information is available.
The column command appeared in 4.3BSD-Reno.
Version 2.23 changed the -s option to be non-greedy, for
example:
printf "a:b:c\n1::3\n" | column -t -s ':'
Old output:
New output (since util-linux 2.23):
Historical versions of this tool indicated that "rows are
filled before columns" by default, and that the -x option
reverses this. This wording did not reflect the actual behavior, and it has
since been corrected (see above). Other implementations of column may
continue to use the older documentation, but the behavior should be
identical in any case.
Print fstab with header line and align number to the right:
sed 's/#.*//' /etc/fstab | column --table --table-columns SOURCE,TARGET,TYPE,OPTIONS,PASS,FREQ --table-right PASS,FREQ
Print fstab and hide unnamed columns:
sed 's/#.*//' /etc/fstab | column --table --table-columns SOURCE,TARGET,TYPE --table-hide -
Print a tree:
echo -e '1 0 A\n2 1 AA\n3 1 AB\n4 2 AAA\n5 2 AAB' | column --tree-id 1 --tree-parent 2 --tree 3
1 0 A
2 1 |-AA
4 2 | |-AAA
5 2 | `-AAB
3 1 `-AB
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at
<https://github.com/util-linux/util-linux/issues>.
The column command is part of the util-linux package which
can be downloaded from Linux Kernel Archive
<https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>.